Employees as customers: Exploring service climate,employee patronage,and turnover

The role of retail employees as customers was explored by quantitatively examining the influence of service climate and employee patronage on employee turnover intentions. Employees representing all shifts in two stores of a national retailer participated. Results indicated that employee patronage partially mediates the effects of service climate on employee turnover intentions. The findings suggest that employee patronage is a highly relevant organizational concept that warrants additional study. Practitioners may apply these findings in developing management and supervision training programs and designing employee selection and retention programs. Researchers may incorporate the variable of patronage when studying populations where employees can be external customers. Future research is necessary because the concept of employee patronage has not been adequately studied.     

企业家能力、个人财富与核心雇员的创业

核心雇员掌握着企业的核心资源,创业的成功率很高,且创业企业成长良好,因此核心雇员创业已成为一种重要的创业形式。但相关的理论研究却并未得到学界的重视。分析核心雇员的创业机理及影响因素将有助于政府建立有效的创业政策,有助于探究繁荣我国创业活动的有效途径。现有研究大多假定劳动力市场是完美的,通过比较创业前后雇员生产效率的变化,来推断雇员的收入变化,从而解释雇员的创业选择行为。但现实社会中,雇员市场特别是核心雇员的劳动力市场并非完美,分配制度也影响着雇员收入。考虑了分配因素的核心雇员创业模型表明:在工资结构被压缩的条件下,核心雇员通过创办企业,能够完全获得自身创造的租金,创业活动更多表现为一种分配制度上的改进,而非生产效率上的考虑;企业家才能、个人财富都将制约核心雇员的创业活动;企业家才能越高,所需的创业资金将越少。因此,要进一步推动创业活动的开展,就必须建立完善企业家才能培训机制,促进创业者之间的创业经验交流,以提高雇员的企业家才能;逐步放松金融市场的进入管制,促进金融行业的竞争;建立完善的个人、企业信用机制;大力培育创业担保中介市场,降低核心雇员获得创业资金的成本。     

知识型员工主管支持感、职业认同与主观幸福感的关系

为探讨知识型员工主管支持感、职业认同和主观幸福感间的关系以及职业认同在主管支持感和主观幸福感间的中介作用,采用方便取样的方法选取300名知识型员工,采用主管支持感量表、职业认同量表和主观幸福感量表对其进行调查,并对得到的数据进行结构方程模型建模。结果发现:(1)知识型员工的主管支持感对其主观幸福感具有显著的促进作用;(2)职业认同在知识型员工主管支持感和主观幸福感间起部分中介作用,中介效应占总效应的53.5%。研究认为,管理者可以通过提高对知识型员工的支持来提升其幸福感水平,这种提升作用部分通过知识型员工对职业的认同实现。     

国企下岗职工生活保障及再就业问题探讨

国有企业下岗职工是失业人群中一个很大的群体，且年龄偏大，技能单一，他们生活保障及再就业的主要困难与问题有：下岗职工底数不清，三条社会保障线衔接不协调，某些地区劳动立法和劳动监察不力，下岗职工基本生活费及失业保险基金筹集困难，再就业培训流于形式。为此，要加强失业保险基金的收缴，加强劳动管理和监督，完善再就业服务工作，争取实现再就业培训社会化、市场化，并要解决好隐性就业问题。     

论制度建设与领导干部的用人水平

本文主要从如何提高领导干部的用人水平,建立健全用人机制,为避免领导干部在用人方面的失误,加强对领导干部的政治思想教育和职业道德教育。领导干部在选人、用人上应按照《党政领导干部选拔任用工作条例》,坚持德才兼备原则,坚持走群众路线。加强法制与制度建设,防止和纠正选拔使用干部工作中的不正之风,从而真正提高领导干部的用人水平。     

家长式领导、领导与下属交换关系对员工敬业的影响

为了了解家长式领导、领导与下属交换关系对员工敬业的影响,采用《家长式领导问卷》《领导与下属交换关系》和《中国员工敬业量表》对281名被试进行了测试。结果显示：家长式领导中的德行领导和仁慈领导对员工敬业有正向的作用,LMX在德行领导和仁慈领导作用于敬业的过程中起中介作用;权威领导对员工敬业有负向的作用。该结果对于建构中国文化背景下员工敬业影响机制的有关理论具有积极价值。     

Developing content‐valid selection procedures: What every HPT and HRD professional should know

To be useful to both human resources development professionals and human performance technology (HPT) practitioners, the process for developing validated employee selection instruments must also be user friendly. By following the procedures outlined in this study, user‐friendly pre‐employment tests can be developed that are also fair and content valid. HPT knowledge and support of these procedures will greatly increase the efficiency of the selection process and ensure that the organizational performers are selected according to standardized criteria.     

Credentials Versus Performance: Review of the Teacher Performance Pay Research

In this article we examine the economic case for merit or performance-based pay for K–12 teachers. We review several areas of germane research. The direct evaluation literature on these incentive plans is slender; highly diverse in terms of methodology, targeted populations, and programs evaluated; and primarily focused on short-run motivational effects. It is nonetheless fairly consistent in finding positive program effects. The general personnel literature highlights potentially significant selection effects of employee compensation systems. This is particularly relevant for teaching, because a growing body of production function research points to large, persistent, but idiosyncratic differences in teacher productivity. Thus, along with motivation effects, there is potential for substantial positive long run selection effects from teacher performance pay systems. The evaluation literature is not sufficiently robust to prescribe how systems should be designed (e.g., optimal size of bonuses, mix of individual vs. group incentives). However, it is sufficiently positive to support much more extensive field trials, pilot programs, and policy experiments, combined with careful follow-up evaluation.     

透过“大连十佳雇主”看HR经理人职责的发展趋势

基于"2009大连(第三届)年度最佳雇主"评选活动,通过对评选活动中入围的十佳雇主企业人力资源状况进行访谈研究,从招聘、培训、绩效管理、薪酬福利管理、员工关系等角度分析了现代HR经理人职责发展的新趋势。     

关于我国建立政府雇员制度的若干思考

政府雇员制度是我国政府体制改革过程中出现的新鲜事物.它倡导灵活的用人机制,弥补了现行公务员制度的不足.由于政府雇员制度目前尚处于初步试点之中,所以它的真正建立还存在多种制约因素.     

个人特征、人事制度、组织氛围与员工离职倾向——基于乌鲁木齐市15家企业121份问卷的调查结果

在121份企业员工调查问卷数据的基础上,运用有序Probit回归分析模型．分析个人特征、公司人事制度和组织氛围对员工离职倾向的影响。研究表明：企业薪酬的公平性和福利的激励性对员工忠诚度起着举足轻重的作用。拥有完善员工职业生涯规划和培训系统的企业,员工容易与其建立长期的雇佣关系。组织氛围对员工离职倾向也有重要的影响。从事繁杂的工作,得不到领导认可和支持的员工会选择逃离企业。员工离职倾向与个人特征也密切相关,企业进行员工离职管理．应充分考虑员工的个人特征。     

德国参与决定立法经验之借鉴

参与决定立法发端并成熟于德国，它对世界许多国家乃至国际组织立法都产生了深远的影响，现代社会，职工参与企业决定已成为西方企业法人治理结构的普遍做法，我国国有企业股份改造过程中应借鉴德国参与决定立法的经验并加以完善。     

Theory of Employee Survival

ABSTRACT This paper presents the Theory of Employee Survival, which states that an applicant's initial attraction and selection into an organization, and an employee's retention and promotion within the organization are dependent on an authoritarianism congruence between the applicant and/or employee, and the employer.     

“绩效雷达图”的设计及其在员工绩效能力考评中的应用

将财务分析中的雷达图分析法引入员工绩效能力考评,设计出对员工单个时期或多个时期绩效能力进行考评的绩效雷达图。这种考评方法,可以更加科学、公正地对员工的绩效能力进行评估,并将绩效能力评估的结果一目了然地表达出来,使评估者更直接地了解被评估者的绩效和能力,包括一个人单时期的绩效能力、一个人多时期的绩效能力、多人单时期的绩效能力情况和多人多时期的绩效能力情况。绩效雷达图还可以对员工进行长期的绩效能力跟踪,有助于企业进行科学的薪酬管理。     

政府雇员双重属性的失衡及其控制

公共性是政府雇员的根本属性,但从经济学角度分析,政府雇员还具有自利性,它决定了雇员具有追求自身利益最大化的倾向和动机。分析雇员的自利性,区分合理自利性与扩张自利性,并对扩张自利性进行伦理、制度的制约,才能够真正增强政府的行政能力。     

Career Development; The Linkage Between Training and Organizational Development Originally published in 1989, PIQ 2.1

Improved organizational efficiency can only be accomplished if the employees within an organization have developed the skills, competencies, knowledge, and attitudes to perform at the highest possible levels. To a limited degree this can be accomplished via training, but employees develop the fundamental skills, competencies, knowledge, and attitudes related only to their current job. As a result, the organization is only indirectly impacted. This refers to the micro perspective of improved organizational efficiency. Organizational efficiency can also be accomplished through organizational development, but the individual employee is often overlooked during this process. Without employee commitment to improve efficiency, it will be short-lived. This approach refers to the macro perspective of improved organizational efficiency. Both the micro and macro perspectives of improved organizational efficiency have their weaknesses. Thus, a combination of the two processes is necessary. Career development is that combination. Career development is a process which enables employees to develop beyond the fundamental skills, competencies, knowledge, and attitudes required for their present job assignments. It is a process which is focused on improving organizational efficiency while relying on the development of the individual employee. Performance improvement practitioners can provide learning activities which improve employees' skills, competencies, knowledge, and attitudes by viewing improved organizational efficiency from, an individual (micro) perspective while remaining dedicated to the overall enhancement of the organization (macro). However, many performance improvement practitioners fail to see the connection between training and overall organizational development. These terms are often used interchangeably which leads to the increased confusion and misapplication of each process. It is necessary, therefore, to arrive at an acceptable definition in order to communicate effectively the intent as well as the similarities and differences of the processes. This will enable performance improvement practitioners to better understand the commonalities of each process. It is this understanding that serves as the basis of this article and the forthcoming recommendations.     

A complexity analysis of organizational culture,leadership and engagement: integration,differentiation and fragmentation

ABSTRACT

The predictive utility of previous studies of organizational culture has been limited by an over-emphasis on the integration perspective. Much less attention has been his been paid to subcultural differentiation and fragmentation. This case study bridges that divide by employing methods of cultural analysis designed to explore the relationship between organizational culture, the culture of leadership, and employee engagement in an academic institution through the lens of integration, differentiation and fragmentation. Adopting a complexity approach to cultural analysis as a theoretical framework, methodological innovations utilizing survey data and quantitative inferential statistics establish the predictive utility of organizational culture with respect to three dimensions of engagement: vigor, dedication and absorption. Analyses based on cultural uniformity, subcultural variation and ambiguity were found to illuminate different aspects of the culture of leadership and engagement, differentiated by employee status and years of service. Results of the differentiation and fragmentation analyses yield insights masked by the integration approach: Analysis of cultural differentiation revealed dedication and absorption were more affected by cultural and leadership dynamics than vigor, while analysis of cultural fragmentation uncovered minority perspectives on bullying, leader accountability and employee misbehavior that represent important targets for improvement masked in the analysis of organizational culture as a whole.     

英国技能开发的成就、挑战与对策

近年来英国的技能开发取得了不少成就,但在可持续就业所需基础技能方面仍存在严重不足.为了加强其世界主要经济国地位,英国出台了新的技能战略,旨在让雇主和个人都拥有所需技能,为此建立一个能使每位雇主、雇员和公民都能发挥其应有作用的新的技能联盟.     

A RESPONSE TO UNCERTAINTY: THE INCREASED UTILIZATION OF PART‐TIME INSTRUCTORS IN AMERICAN COMMUNITY COLLEGES

Financial uncertainty and projections of changing enrollment patterns of students are forcing community colleges into positions of maximum flexibility. As a result, they continue a trend of increased reliance on part‐time instructors to deliver their services. This trend is noted by full‐time faculty as cause for alarm. Allegations of poorer quality instruction provided by part‐time instructors cannot be documented. However, it is clear that part‐time employee practices in the areas of selection, orientation, evaluation, and development need dramatic improvement. Implications of this research point to the need for college administrators to reexamine management procedures with regard to part‐time faculty.     

School-leaving Examinations,Selection and Equity in Higher Education in South Africa

This paper explores the international experience in respect of school-leaving examinations and selection for higher education. It briefly states some theories of selection for equity in societies with severe structural inequalities, why and when formal selection is done. It then advances an argument to explain the dual functions of selection in education. International trends in selection for higher education are analysed, also school-leaving examinations and university access in South Africa. The policy and experience in selection for equity at the University of the Western Cape is then discussed, as well as the academic development programme initiated. It concludes with an analysis of some of the dilemmas facing universities committed to redress and equity in the current climate of entitlement.