海南省小学教师心理健康状况

目的 了解海南省小学教师心理健康状况。方法 运用SCL-90量表对海南省291名小学教师进行心理健康状况调查。结果 海南小学教师的心理健康水平低于国内一般成年人；男女教师心理健康状况表现出不同特点；毕业班科任教师心理健康状况不如非毕业班教师；少数民族地区教师心理健康水平较汉族地区教师高；城市教师心理健康水平比乡村的低。结论 要想培养身心健康发展的人，就必须重视小学教师的心理健康问题。     

Informal Counselling Services in Israel: A Challenge for the School Counsellor

This article focuses on the characteristics of informal counselling services (such as young people's counselling services or telephone counselling services) in Israel and gives examples of existing services. Manifest characteristics of the counselling services and psychological therapy in the public formal systems and informal systems, as well as a survey of updated literature on the subject of community voluntary psychological counselling services is presented. The informal counselling services are a challenge for school counsellors as supplementary to additional services given in school and offer the possibility of the integration of school counsellors into these programmes.     

School-psychological providers: A national survey of state departments of education

To identify professional groups that are providing psychological services in the schools, the present national survey of state departments of education was conducted. Fifty-nine percent of states currently mandate services of school psychologists by law, and a variety of allied professional groups were identified as also providing psychological services in the schools. Specific information about provider groups and service mandates is reported. Recommendations relevant to the provision of quality school-psychological services and utilization of multiple providers are given.     

Psychological correlates of physical abuse in Hong Kong Chinese adolescents

OBJECTIVE: To understand the associations between adolescent family physical maltreatment and psychiatric morbidity or psychological problems. METHODS: questionnaire survey on 489 secondary school students in Form 2 from 10 schools in Hong Kong. Questions regarding three forms of family physical maltreatment were measured: corporal punishment within the past 6 months, beaten without any reason within the past 6 months, or ever been beaten to injury. MAIN RESULT: Corporal punishment was not associated with the psychological variables after Bonferroni adjustment was made. Those who experienced the two other forms of physical maltreatment had significant and strong associations with positive Achenbach CBCL outcome (OR from 3.26 to 3.27), drug abuse problems (OR from 2.60 to 20.38), self-injurious behaviors (OR from 3.34 to 8.47) and poor perceived parental support. In addition, those who had ever been beaten to injury scored significantly lower in the "physical appearance" and "behavioral conduct" subscales of the Harter's Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: In Hong Kong, some forms of family physical maltreatment (beaten for no reason and beaten to injury) were associated with a number of psychiatric/psychological problems. Further studies should be carried out to clarify whether the relationships are causal in nature.     

Expectancy effects and their relationship to psychological case report writing

The present study examined the relationship between the psychological evaluation reports of test examiners and the referral questions of classroom teachers. It was hypothesized that there would be an interaction between examiners' reporting of test data and the information that was received from school personnel. Data were analyzed using a 2 X 2 chi square analysis. Results indicated a biasing effect when examiners were knowledgeable about the reasons for referral.     

Contractual school psychological services: Prevalence and practices

This study investigated the prevalence and practices of contract school psychological services in public schools. A survey was sent to all 121 school districts in a southeastern state, with 111 surveys completed for a response rate of 92%. Results indicated that most school districts did not believe that contracting is cost effective. The primary service provided by contractual service providers was triennial reevaluations. The administrator most often charged with the hiring and supervision of contract providers was not a school psychologist. The credential most often required of a contracting psychologist was a State Board of Psychology license, with only a few requiring documentation of relevant coursework or experience. The results of this study indicated that the most pressing concern for the profession of school psychology regarding contractual services is ensuring that contract services are provided and monitored according to appropriate standards of practice. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

探讨影响高中生学习投入的情境因素

目的：探讨影响高中生学习投入的情境因素。方法：采用整群随机抽样的方法,抽取芜湖市及滁州市两所中学375名学生为被试,用学习投入量表、我的班级问卷和家庭心理气氛问卷进行调查。结果：高中生对班级和家庭心理气氛的知觉与其学习投入总体上成正相关（r=0.322,0.335）,高中生知觉的班级和家庭心理气氛是预测他们学习投入程度的重要变量。结论：高中生知觉的班级和家庭心理气氛是影响其学习投入的重要情境因素。     

体育教学对中学生心理健康影响的实验研究

现代学校体育教学主要有三大功能,即生物学功能、教育学功能、社会学功能.重视心理健康方面的教育已经成为现代学校体育的重要标志之一.通过对铭选中学学生心理健康特征的问卷调查,分析中学生心理健康问题产生的原因,探讨学校体育教学对中学生心理健康的积极影响.     

Differences in school psychological report writing as a function of doctoral vs. nondoctoral training

This study was designed to examine differences in the report-writing skills of doctoral and nondoctoral school psychologists. Fourteen doctoral level and 13 specialist level public school psychologists provided the 50 school psychological reports used in this study; 25 reports were written by doctoral level school psychologists and 25 were written by specialist level school psychologists. The reports were categorized according to the referral problem: mental retardation, learning disability, reading problem, emotional difficulty, and behavior problem. The psychological reports were rated by a panel of educators using an 18-item rating scale. The results indicated no significant differences between the ratings of the doctoral and nondoctoral school psychologists' reports. Educators did, however, consistently rate reports that analyzed mentally retarded children's evaluations better than any of the other four report categories, regardless of the degree level of the school psychologist. Results indicated that both specialist level and doctoral level school psychologists are capable of meeting the needs of educators in the area of report writing.     

Educational reform and the self-efficacy beliefs of teachers implementing nongraded primary school programs

Primary school teachers were surveyed to determine their sense of efficacy about implementing nongraded primary school programs. The survey assessed attitudes and beliefs of teachers (N = 133) representing 18 school systems undergoing state mandated educational reforms. The survey focused on three areas: (1) educational background and teaching experience; (2) attitudes toward nongraded primary school reforms; and (3) perceived self-efficacy ratings on 21 specific program attributes of the proposed nongraded primary. The influence of experience on attitudes and self-efficacy was also explored. Implications are discussed for preventively addressing teacher needs through teacher education and continuing education programs based on a self-efficacy enhancement model. Suggestions for future research are offered.     

78名农村初中骨干教师心理健康现状的调查

使用精神卫生症状自评量表（SCL—90）对78名农村初中骨干教师的心理健康现状进行抽样调查,结果表明：1.农村初中骨干教师的心理健康现状总体上是好的,好于全国常模。但其中焦虑、人际关系、强迫、恐怖、偏执、抑郁等因子症状异常的检出率较高,占总数的6.4%-33.3%左右。2.农村初中女骨干教师的心理健康现状不如男教师,二者在躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖等方面存在显著的性别差异（P〈0.05）,其中躯体化的性别差异非常显著（P〈0.01）。3.农村青年初中骨干教师的心理健康水平不如中年骨干教师,但二者之间具体心理问题表现程度的差异并不显著。     

Aquatic-Aerobic Exercise as a Means of Stress Reduction during Pregnancy

The goals of this research were to explore the current literature regarding associations between psychological stress and adverse fetal outcome, associations between aerobic exercise and psychological stress reduction, and associations between aerobic exercise and fetal outcome. The published studies that were located provide evidence of the following: 1) Stress reactivity increases physiologically during pregnancy, 2) pregnant women may experience additional stressors that are usually not experienced in a nonpregnant state, 3) psychological stress in pregnancy is associated with adverse fetal outcome, 4) exercise can be a method of stress reduction, 5) exercise in pregnancy is not associated with adverse fetal outcome, and 6) exercise in pregnancy may provide benefit to the fetus. Data were analyzed from an original study and associations were reported between psychological stress-management activities and participation in aquatic aerobic exercise classes. No reports were available investigating an exercise-induced reduction in psychological stress with fetal outcome.     

Family and School Correlates of Adolescents’ Creativity,Morality and Self Concept

This study examined relationships between adolescents’ perceptions of their family and school environments and measures of their creativity, morality and self concept. Parallel forms of environment schedules were used to assess the social‐psychological contexts of families and schools. Data were collected from 312 16 year‐old Australian students. Using commonality analyses, the results indicated that (a) adolescents’ self concept and morality have moderate associations with their perceptions of family environments and more modest relationships with their perceptions of school environments, and (b) adolescents’ creativity has modest associations with their perceptions of both family and school environments.     

全国2016例高中生心理健康五因素调查分析

研究者从学习动力、人际沟通、自我意识、生活调适、应对方式等五个方面,测查了来自湖北、河北、浙江、北京8所学校2016例学生的心理健康状态。结果表明:高中生心理健康问题是学生在成长过程中出现的心理疑难和精神烦恼,可以通过各种心理应对方法和教育措施得以预防和消除。     

Associations between adolescent boys’ and girls’ psychological adjustment and behaviour in school

The present study examined associations between boys’ and girls’ self-reported psychological adjustment and a wide spectrum of peer-rated behaviours in the school context using a sample of 463 Estonian early adolescents (M_age = 12.90). Although girls had more internalised problems and boys more externalised problems, the associations between adolescents’ psychological adjustment and behaviour were not gender-specific. Among both boys and girls, hostility was positively associated not only with their peer-reported misbehaviour, but also with sociable behaviour and negatively with studiousness. Adolescents with negative self-esteem were perceived to exhibit high levels of self-centred competitive behaviour, misbehaviour and also sociable behaviour. Those with negative self-adequacy, on the contrary, were less likely to behave in a self-centred competitive and sociable manner. In general, the findings show that psychological maladjustment may appear not only in well-observed problematic behaviour but also in seemingly ordinary behaviour in school.     

高职护理新生心理健康状况调查分析

目的：了解高职护理新生的心理健康状况,为高职护理新生的心理健康教育提供依据。方法：用症状自评量表（SCL-90）为评价工具,对本院296名高职护理新生的心理健康状况进行调查,将SCL-90测查值与普通大学生常模进行比较,并对不同生源学生的测量值进行比较。结果：与大学生常模相比,高职护理新生的九个影响因子均低于普通大学生常模,且有极显著意义（P〈0.01）;普高生源高职护理新生的心理健康状况除敌对因子外,其它因子均高于中职生源高职护理新生。结论：高职护理新生总体心理健康状况较好,中职生源学生的心理健康状况优于普高生源学生。     

Minority status,sex, and school psychological services

The sex and minority status of 355 students referred for psychological services from a random sample of schools in an urban school system were examined in relation to the frequency of referral, type of problem, and the nature of subsequent psychological services. A significantly higher percentage of both minority students and males were referred for psychological services; males were referred approximately twice as often as females. When referral problems were categorized as either academic or behavior problems, there were no differences between majority and minority students nor between males and females on percentage referred for each type of problem. Parent contacts were made significantly more often for majority students and for females, and recommendations to parents of majority students were more varied than those made to parents of minority students. Special Education resource services were recommended significantly more often for minority students. Possible reasons and implications of these findings are discussed.     

Children's behavior problems and referral for school psychological services

Personality and conduct problem behaviors from Quay and Peterson's Behavior Problem Checklist were rated by considering their significance in referring an elementary-grade child for school psychological services. Spearman correlations indicated that regular class teachers, special class teachers of the emotionally disturbed, and school psychologists agreed regarding the relative importance of the behavior problems. A repeated measures analysis of variance revealed that conduct problems were prioritized by the professional groups for referral. This consistent agreement across professional groups is interpreted in terms of ecological psychology. Considering the behavioral demands of the schools, the conduct problem child achieves the poorest behavior-milieu fit and is perceived as a priority for referral.     

Referral of the child with learning problems: Bridging a communication gap

Successful communication between the teacher and school psychologist is considered a vital factor in providing appropriate diagnostic and remediation services to a child with a learning problem. Although considerable attention has been given to the psychological report, whereby the psychologist communicates with the teacher, only minimal attention has been given to the referral process whereby the teacher provides the psychologist with important behavioral data. Experience in one large metropolitan school system has demonstrated that teacher-psychologist communication is facilitated through: (a) providing the teacher with a clear understanding of her role in the diagnostic and remediation process, (b) employment of a theoretical approach to learning disabilities which is shared by both teacher and psychologist, and (c) use of a specific referral form—theoretically based—in order to communicate data about the child with a learning problem.     

Relationships between school climate and adolescent students’ self-reports of ethnic and moral identity

This article reports research into associations between students’ perceptions of the school climate and self-reports of ethnic and moral identity in high schools in Western Australia. An instrument was developed to assess students’ perceptions of their school climate (as a means of monitoring and guiding schools as they are challenged to become more inclusive and grapple with increasingly diverse populations) and administered to 4067 students, 63 % of whom were aged between 12 and 17 years, in eight schools. The same students also responded to a survey developed to assess ethnic and moral identity. Analysis of the data indicated strong, positive associations between the school climate and students’ ethnic and moral identity. The results suggest that, for schools wishing to promote students’ ethnic and moral identity, it would be beneficial to consider important elements of the school climate identified in the new survey.