Little more than personality: Dispositional determinants of test anxiety (the Big Five, core self-evaluations, and self-assessed intelligence)

This study attempted a hierarchical integration of several dispositional determinants of test anxiety (TA) [Sarason, I.G. (1984). Stress, anxiety and cognitive interference: Reactions to tests. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 929–938.], namely the Big Five personality traits [Costa, P.T. Jr., & McCrae, R.R. (1992). Revised NEO personality inventory (NEO-PI-R) and NEO five-factor inventory (NEO-FFI): Professional manual. Odessa: Psychological Assessment Resources.], core self-evaluations (CSE) [Judge, T.A., Erez, A., Bono, J.E., & Thoreson, C.J. (2003). The Core Self-Evaluation Scale: Development of a measure. Personnel psychology, 56, 303–331.], and self-assessed intelligence (SAI) [Furnham, A. (2001). Self-estimates of intelligence: Culture and gender difference in self and other estimates of both general (g) and multiple intelligences. Personality and Individual Differences, 31, 1381–1405.] in a sample of 388 US and UK university students. Structural equation models showed that TA was largely a function of Neuroticism, and that CSE and SAI do not contribute to the prediction of TA over established personality traits. Furthermore, the relationship between CSE and TA was fully accounted for by personality traits, whereas SAI was not a significant predictor of TA. The results undermine the notion that self-beliefs affect TA and suggest that wider dispositions play a salient role determining individual differences in TA. Theoretical and applied implications are discussed, particularly in regards to educational settings.     

大五人格理论发展的新趋势:一个潜在的两大维度结构

研究者一致发现大五特质之间存有联系,提出人格特质存在一个潜在的两大维度结构。回顾不同研究者关于这两类因子的阐述,并对人格两大维度结构存在的合理性做一定的探讨,说明人格两大维度结构可能是大五人格理论发展的新趋势。     

浅析大五人格特质和社会群体地位的关系

个体的人格特质和他在社会群体中的地位存在一定的关系。人格大五的每一维度在个体获得社会地位中的作用不同。外倾性对个体的地位获得有很好的预测作用 ,而神经质则不利于个体获得社会地位 ;宜人性和社会地位之间的关系 ,目前尚无定论。在非正式社会群体中 ,个体的责任心、开放性和社会地位获得没有关系。     

“大五”人格模型及其应用介绍

“大五”人格模型是近年来得到普遍认同的一个模型,它对于人们的职业选择和工作绩效都有重要的指导意义.本文在介绍“大五”人格模型的基础上,着重探讨了“大五”人格的各个纬度对人们职业选择和工作绩效的影响,并探讨了“大五”的各个纬度之间的交互作用.     

论“大五”人格模型与人才测评的关系及其对大学生人格培养的启示

当代新型人格特质论——“大五”模型是目前比较完善且有价值的人格观点,它对于人才选拔具有重要的指导意义。针对当前大学生存在的人格不足及社会对人才的要求,应引导大学生以“大五”模型为依据,养成健全人格,最大限度发挥自己的潜能,实现自我价值。     

贫困大学生大五人格与心理健康的关系研究

探讨贫困大学生大五人格与心理健康的关系。对452名贫困大学生进行了问卷调查,结果表明:不同类型贫困大学生在大五人格各因素上和心理健康水平均存在显著差异(F<0.01);人格特征对心理健康有重要影响,外倾性、宜人性与心理健康呈负相关,神经质与心理健康呈正相关,并且大部分指标相关显著,而责任心和开放性与心理健康相关不显著。     

University teacher approaches to design and teaching and concepts of learning technologies

This study investigates the experience of teaching of 19 teachers who are teaching on university courses involving face-to-face and on-line learning. The teachers are asked about how they think about learning technologies and how they approach the design and teaching of their courses across these two contexts. Results show that there are qualitatively different ways of thinking about learning technologies that relate logically and positively to qualitatively different ways of designing and teaching using learning technologies. The results have implications for teachers and those interested in maximising the likelihood of learning for university students when teachers teach with learning technologies.     

Cognitive ability,learning approaches and personality correlates of general knowledge

The relationship between general knowledge (GK) and cognitive ability (IQ and abstract reasoning), learning approaches, and personality (‘big five’ traits and typical intellectual engagement) was investigated in a sample of 101 British undergraduates. As predicted, GK was positively correlated with cognitive ability (more so with IQ than with abstract reasoning), typical intellectual engagement, and openness to experience. A hierarchical regression showed that IQ was the strongest predictor of GK, explaining 26% of GK variance. However, openness (15%) added incremental validity to the variance explained. These results are discussed in relation to previous findings in the field of GK and the personality–intelligence interface.     

Role of the Big Five personality traits in predicting college students' academic motivation and achievement

College students (308 undergraduates) completed the Five Factor Inventory and the Academic Motivations Scale, and reported their college grade point average (GPA). A correlation analysis revealed an interesting pattern of significant relationships. Further, regression analyses indicated that conscientiousness and openness explained 17% of the variance in intrinsic motivation; conscientiousness and extraversion explained 13% of the variance in extrinsic motivation; and conscientiousness and agreeableness explained 11% of the variance in amotivation. Further, four personality traits (conscientiousness, openness, neuroticism, and agreeableness) explained 14% of the variance in GPA; and intrinsic motivation to accomplish things explained 5% of the variance in GPA. Finally, conscientiousness emerged as a partial mediator of the relationship between intrinsic motivation to accomplish and GPA. These results are interpreted within the context of what educators could do to encourage and nurture student motivation and achievement.     

实践社区核心成员大五人格特征及其与沟通技能的关系

文章采用修订的大五人格问卷和自编的沟通技能问卷,对宁夏8家企事业单位中15家实践社区的核心成员进行了调查,结果表明:大五人格问卷和沟通技能问卷信度和效度良好;实践社区核心成员一般拥有敏感的、外向的、温和的、开拓性、高利他性、灵活性等人格特质;核心成员的沟通技能在年龄、职位、文化程度、单位性质等变量上均有不同程度的显著性差异;大五人格特质与沟通技能之间存在密切的关系,五个因素中的社交性、开放性和利他性对沟通技能水平具有较大的影响。     

Unraveling the impact of the Big Five personality traits on academic performance: The moderating and mediating effects of self-efficacy and academic motivation

The main purpose of this study is to unravel the impact of the Big Five personality factors on academic performance. We propose a theoretical model with conditional indirect effects of the Big Five personality factors on academic performance through their impact upon academic motivation. To clarify the mixed results of previous studies concerning the impact of neuroticism, we suggest a moderating role of self-efficacy. Hierarchical, moderated mediation and mediated moderation regression analyses were performed on longitudinal data collected from 375 students of a University college in Belgium. The findings revealed a positive indirect effect of neuroticism on academic performance at higher levels of self-efficacy, complemented by a positive direct effect of neuroticism at lower levels of self-efficacy. Finally, this study showed that conscientiousness positively affected academic performance indirectly through academic motivation, but also that it is a condition for the indirect impact of extraversion, neuroticism, and conscientiousness.     

旅游者人格特质与漂流体验满意度关系研究

漂流作为一种户外休闲旅游项目,在国内外迅速发展起来。研究旅游者人格特质与漂流体验满意度之间的关系,具有一定的理论和实践意义。文章以长沙市宁乡县的沩山漂流和峡溪漂流为主要调查对象,获得基础数据。经因子分析,得出影响漂流体验满意度的四个主要因素;进一步采用相关、回归分析得出旅游者人格特质各因子与漂流体验满意度之间存在着较强的相关性。     

因材施教,灵活多变——英语教学方法与学习风格初探

因材施教是每一位教师必须遵守的教学原则。在英语教学中,教师往往会面临这样一个问题:如何使自己的教学方法适应学生不同的学习风格和学习目的?本文通过对比,论述了两种不同的教学方法,即“以教师为中心”的教学方法和“以学习者为中心”的教学方法所各自拥有的优势和不足。由于学习者之间的差异,本文认为:作为一位专业的英语教师,我们必须充分考虑学生不同的英语学习风格和方法,并采取灵活多变的教学方法来使自己的教学风格与学生的学习风格尽可能地协调和统一,只有这样才能提高教学质量,提高学习者的语言学习效率。     

Personality traits and general intelligence as predictors of academic performance: A structural equation modelling approach

The aim of the present study was to investigate the extent to which personality traits, after controlling for general intelligence, predict academic performance in different school subjects. Upper secondary school students in Sweden (N = 315) completed the Wonderlic IQ test (Wonderlic, 1992) and the IPIP-NEO-PI test (Goldberg, 1999). A series of hierarchical structural equation models showed that general intelligence, Conscientiousness, Extraversion and Neuroticism were significantly linked to overall academic performance. There were also different findings for a lower level of personality traits, e.g. different personality traits were associated with different subjects. The findings are discussed with regard to previous results on personality traits as determinants of academic performance in different school subjects and the fact that lower level traits may facilitate achievement in particular subjects.     

园林与唐五代词

园林在唐五代词的发展过程中起着举足轻重的作用,它为唐五代词提供了抒写的题材,表情达志的意象,构成了不同的词境,为唐五代词走向正宗提供了必要的环境。本文从这些方面探讨园林与唐五代词的关系,进一步明确了园林在唐五代词发展过程中的意义。     

对内/外倾人格与语言学习之间关系的重新审视

内倾-外倾是1947年由著名人格心理学家H.J.Eysenck提出来的一个人格维度。由于人们对这一概念的不切实际的预期和不够充分的了解,它后来被认为与语言学习无关。对心理学和应用语言学研究文献的重新评估表明,虽然内/外倾可能无法预测语言学习是否成功,但是会影响口语产出。     

The relationship between personality adjustment and success in remedial programs in dyslexic children

Dyslexic and a normal group consisting of 104 children each were matched with reference to age, income, intelligence, and sex. Specific personality dimensions including self-concept, achievement motivation, general manifest anxiety, test anxiety, and behavior deviance were measured. Dyslexic children showed poorer adjustment in all areas of personality. Comparison of results within the dyslexic group showed that children who are successful in remedial training show better emotional adjustments than unsuccessful dyslexic children. A stepwise multiple regression analysis employing personality variables and overall success in remedial language training was computed. Classroom behavior and self concept were found to correlate with success and yielded a multiple correlation of .544. Results are discussed with reference to remediation and treatment.     

初中生学习自我监控、人格特征与学业成绩关系

在中学阶段,学习是学生的主要任务,而学业成绩高低是衡量其学习任务完成情况的重要标准。个体的学业成绩受到自我监控和人格特征的不同层面的影响,同时,人格特征的内外向可以通过自我监控对学业成绩起到调节作用。     

刍议五缘文化与两岸客家交流

近年来,两岸客家交流日益频繁。这种交流蕴含着五缘文化理论,五缘人际网络在其中发挥了重要作用,从而促使两岸客家在经贸、文化、教育等领域展开交流与合作,有效地加强了两岸客家人的情感联络和客属台湾同胞的认同意识。