浅析学习型学校内在构建策略

学习型学校是学习型组织在学校中的具体体现,也是构建学习型社会的重要组成部分.构建学习型学校要在建立共同愿景的基础上,通过转变领导角色、建立教师发展机制,使每个成员都增强学习意识,在学习中充分利用现代信息技术,不断完善自身能力,在开放和谐的校园环境中,实现自身与学校整体的共同发展.     

构建学习型学校 实现可持续发展

创建＂学习型学校＂是学校实现可持续发展的有效途径。在构建学习型学校的过程中,需要处理好组织结构、校园文化、领导角色、学习型教师和动力机制五个方面的问题。     

构建学习型学校实现可持续发展

创建"学习型学校"是学校实现可持续发展的有效途径.在构建学习型学校的过程中,需要处理好组织结构、校园文化、领导角色、学习型教师和动力机制五个方面的问题.     

基于学习型组织理论的师范院校人才培养模式重构

学习型组织是通过构建一种持续性学习行为以应对外界环境的组织发展形式,目的是引导组织成员不断实现个体、团体的自我超越。在师范学校管理工作中引入学习型组织理论,需要管理者进行组织发展流程再造,以营造学习型组织的文化氛围为基础,以变革教师培训和开发流程,创新人才培养模式为重点。渐进式的实现师范学校的学习型组织构建过程。     

从"学习型组织"看构建新型的高校学生管理模式

随着高等教育改革和发展,传统高校学生管理模式逐渐暴露出学生思想政治教育、学校学生管理工作、学生工作者素质等方面的问题。笔者从“学习型组织”的视角出发,针对这些问题,提出建构围绕学生成才目标、充分发挥学校领导和教师作用、建立管理者终身学习机制、学生自主管理与开放管理相统一的新型学生管理模式。     

"学习型组织"与建设学习型教师队伍

党的“十六大”提出建设学习型社会，向小康社会迈进的奋斗目标。学校首先应该成为学习型组织，而教师职业的特殊性要求教师应成为学习型社会的先行者和示范者。对于创建学习型组织和建设学习型高职教师队伍，高职院校的领导要高度重视，加强领导和引导，提高广大教师的思想认识，增强其责任感和使命感。     

"学习型组织"与建设学习型高职教师队伍

党的"十六大"提出建设学习型社会,向小康社会迈进的奋斗目标。学校首先应该成为学习型组织,而教师职业的特殊性要求教师应成为学习型社会的先行者和示范者。对于创建学习型组织和建设学习型高职教师队伍,高职院校的领导要高度重视,加强领导和引导,提高广大教师的思想认识,增强其责任感和使命感。     

学习型组织的形成与教师队伍建设

影响学校学习型组织的形成与教师队伍建设的原因主要有管理者、学校、教师三个层面。形成学校学习型组织的对策包括:(1)校长任用制改革;(2)发展性的校长评价理念;(3)正确认识教师工作与学习的关系;(4)树立以教师为本的管理思想;(5)建立共同愿景;(6)与教师实现信息共享。与此同时,通过建立学校内部合作机制、完善教师的知识结构、倡导教师间的良性互动、建立公平合理的教师评价制度和“校本教研”制度,来提高教师队伍的素质,使学校成为有利于教师成长的学习型组织和社区。     

“新”管理新做法——谈学习型的学校管理

学校作为一个学习型组织,应让学习成为一种责任,一种习惯,一种风气,进而倡导“学习型学校”,造就学习型领导,培养学习型教师和学习型学生。下面笔者谈一点管见：     

"学习型组织"理论启示下的校本培训

校本培训是基于学校、为了学校、在学校中,从学校的需要出发而进行的教师培训。是教师教育的重要形式之一。学习型组织理论提出了五项修炼即自我超越、改善心理模式、建立共同愿景、团体学习、系统思考。校本培训借鉴该理论有益于营造有利的学习气氛,创设学校发展的共同愿景,孕育合作文化,注重发展性评价、促进教师自我超越。     

大学生英语学习感知倾向调查研究

学习感知倾向是学习者个体差异因素之一,而学习的感知模式是学习风格的分类之一。由于个体通过不同的方式对信息进行感知和处理,所以,在安排教学方法时,学习风格是需要考虑的一个重要因素。而学生对自己在什么情况下能达到最好学习效果的分析不准确也可能导致事倍功半。因此,本文中作者主要对大学生在英语学习过程中所表现出来的感知倾向结果进行讨论,分析其特点,同时提出促进英语学习的建议。     

The Development of a Comprehensive and Coherent Theory of Learning

This article is an account of how the author developed a comprehensive understanding of human learning over a period of almost 50 years. The learning theory includes the structure of learning, different types of learning, barriers of learning as well as how individual dispositions, age, the learning environment and general social and societal conditions influence learning possibilities. All this started when the author, aged 27, broke off his career as a travel agent and joined a course for matriculation at the university. He found this course extremely ineffective and got the idea that a firm knowledge about how human learning takes place might be a starting point for the development of more engaging and effective learning, teaching, schooling and education. Over the years, he gathered inspiration from a broad range of learning theorists such as Piaget, Rogers, Ausuble, Leithäuser, Schön, Kolb, Furth, Mezirow, Kegan and his own Danish instructor, Thomas Nissen. But the theory was built up as his own structure by critically adding new elements from the examination of other theories and carefully analysing experience from teaching, supervising and observing learning courses at all levels from primary school to adult education and university studies.     

Imagining, seeking, inventing: the future of learning and the emerging discovery networks

Extrapolating from current developments in the study of learning and imagining how learning might be shaped moving forward, this article considers 12 trends concerning the future of learning. Learning will become more diverse, more contextual, less discipline-bound, and less institutionally-bound. It will span professional and institutional sectors, and move beyond national borders. It will move increasingly online and extend beyond humans to encompass machines and machine/human blends. It will become more interactive, more distributed, and more biologically connected. Drawing on an understanding of these trends, new roles for teachers and for educational institutions are developed. The result is that learning is likely to occur through multiple discovery networks that blend research and teaching to address real world problems in environments supported by robust software infrastructures. Multiple nested discovery networks will operate on a global scale and be negotiated by individual learners sometimes guided by teachers. Prediction is very difficult, especially about the future—Niels Bohr The future is already here - it’s just unevenly distributed—William Gibson The best way to predict the future is to invent it—Alan Kay     

适应新的发展取向的学习类型多样化探讨

我国现行的学习概念主要是指“书本知识学习”,这种单一的学习类型观造成学生身心发展极端片面。为适应新课程改革倡导的新的发展取向的要求,我们应建立学习类型多样化的观念。区别于心理学主要从学习的结果和机制划分学习的类型,我们可以根据人的生活所面对的活动对象或领域的不同,将学习划分为符号学习、交往学习、操作学习、观察学习、反思学习等类型。不同类型的学习对于学生身心发展具有不同的价值,同时也存在各自的局限性。为了促进学生身心素质的全面发展,应该实现学习类型的多样化,以达到不同类型学习发展功能的互补和配合。     

A Study of Status and Improvement of College Freshmen in Certain Skills of English Composition

The purpose of this experiment was to determine the differential emotional reactions of students to positive, neutral, and negative affect in nonverbal teacher behavior. Responses were studied across two grade levels and across race. A stratified random sample of 120 students was selected and randomly assigned to experimental conditions. Emotional reactions were measured by a semantic differential. Analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc tests showed that black second graders evaluated the neutral teacher most positively, while white second graders and sixth graders of both races tended to evaluate the positive teacher most positively.     

How an orientation to learning influences the expansive–restrictive nature of teacher learning and change

This study examined teachers’ learning situated in a school to reveal factors that support and hinder learning in the workplace. The investigation analyzed teachers’ orientation to learning, examining beliefs, practices, and experiences about teachers’ learning in relation to change in the workplace. A hypothesis is that teacher learning and change is complex and unable to be fully understood outside of practice. Evidence is provided on the factors and forms of learning activities that appear to strengthen an expansive learning environment and those which contribute to a more restrictive learning environment. A distinctive finding was that teachers’ orientation to learning is related to self-reported change. Another promising finding with the potential of better understanding the interrelated combination of how teachers’ beliefs, practices, and workplace factors influence change was related to dissonance for learning. The implications for practice involved determining how to continue to support and strengthen an expansive workplace learning environment.     

学生眼里的在线教学:行为、效果与挑战——基于新冠疫情期间清华大学学生在线学习行为调查

本研究从"行为-效果"两个维度设计了调查问卷,并从清华大学2020年春季学期参加在线学习的本科生和研究生中随机抽样,调查学生在线学习的行为特征、学习效果和主要挑战。研究发现,疫情期间的在线教学总体上取得预期成效,学生的学习行为表现出较强的适应性和可控性,但不同群体的学生存在差异。在线学习也面临一些挑战:生生互动减少、居家学习效率低、学习专注力不够、动作技能训练欠缺等问题需要引起关注。建议未来的在线教学,在外部条件保障不减的前提下,注重激发学生学习的内在动力、提升学生的自主学习能力,并通过完善支架教学、鼓励朋辈学习等方式促进学生学习参与。     

学习究竟是什么？——多学科视野中的学习研究论纲

学习是当代多学科共同探索的前沿和热门话题,而且成为关心人类命运的企业家和政治家们所必须面对的重大课题,由此推动着全球范围内创建学习型组织和学习化社会的时代潮流一本文从中国文化传统和西方心理学对学习概念的两种解读入手,剖析了目前学习理论的成就与局限性,然后将学习研究的视野从微观扩展到宏观,从个体扩展到团队与社会,分别从教育哲学、管理科学、教育技术学、历史哲学和哲学人类学的广阔视野,对人类学习活动进行了理论探索,提出并论证了与生产方式同一层次的“学习方式”范畴,提出“学习是人类自身再生产的社会实践活动”,“学习的本质是人类个体和人类整体的自我意识与自我超越”,认为“发展自身的人类学习能力同改造外部世界的人类生产能力(生产力)共同构成人类生存发展的基础、动力和源泉”,并倡导创建一套能够从历史哲学的广阔视野来透视、解读和预测人类复杂学习活动及其矛盾运动的理论,从总体上认识和把握人类学习活动的特点和发展规律,使我国当前所倡导的“科学发展观”具有更坚实的理论基础。     

How does STEM context-based learning work: what we know and what we still do not know

ABSTRACT

Context-based learning (CBL) has influenced teaching and learning science in many countries over the past decades. Twelve years ago, a special issue on CBL was published in this Journal, focusing on CBL curriculum development. Seven papers in this current special issue on CBL now address the question of how a context influences the learning process. The papers focus on the stimulation of learning STEM subjects within contexts, how the learning process occurs and is enhanced, and the application of contexts in different settings. The approaches, results, and implications of the papers are located in a larger view that considers the question of what must be the case if a student not only engages in the tasks of learning but also succeeds at them. Concerning willingness and effort by learners, the papers draw conclusions about which STEM-related interests of students endure and are ephemeral across a decade, design criteria for maximising students’ situational interest, and students’ engagement with content and context simultaneously. Focusing on the opportunity to teach and learn, the papers reveal how a professional development approach functions to support STEM teachers to develop CBL materials, and how specific scaffolding acts in teaching bring students to more complex reasoning. Regarding good teaching, insights are offered on how metacognitive prompts improve teaching. Centring on the social surround that supports teaching and learning, a comparison of two contexts for teaching the same content reveals which aspects of the contexts move student learning forward. From this mapping, paths toward future research are projected.     

成人英语教学的特点与对策

成人英语教学是我国成人高等教育的一环,有着自身的特点和规律.通过对成人学习动机、学习策略以及学习环境的分析,提出了要充分发挥成人学习的优势调动成人学习的积极性,以期取得最佳学习效果.