学生心理异常的家庭因素

1.父母遗传的影响。行为遗传的研究表明,子女的心理健康与父母的遗传有一定关系。一是如果父母患有精神病,会直接影响子女的心理健康,德国学者研究发现,父母均为精神病,或一方有或兄弟姐妹中有人患精神病,其子女发病率分别为68.1％、16.4％、14.2％;二是父母在怀孕期间的身体多病,情绪欠佳,营养不良和服了副作用较大的药,都有可能影响子女的心     

遗传因素对人类精神活动的影响

本文从以下三个方面论述人类的精神活动有遗传基础:1用双生子分析等方法研究表明遗传因素对智力的形成有重要作用。2用家系调查和双生子分析法证明精神障碍性疾病有多基因基础,而且有较高的遗传率。3现代遗传学研究为智力的形成和某些精神病找到了相关的遗传基因。     

从耗散看遗传的纯与杂

本从物理学的熵的角度出发，将复杂的遗传机理归结为两个类别，即基因的无约束扩散，使群体在基因组合上的熵增的机理和阻止扩散，避免熵增的机理的两部分内容，从而使对问题的讨论简单化，同时，又看到，基因的扩散与约束这一对矛盾的统一与斗争，是如何在复杂的遗传背景下凸现出来的。     

关联分析在林木改良育种中的作用

林木生长周期长,遗传背景复杂等独有的特点,影响了遗传改良的进程。作为第三代分子标记——SNP具有双等住性,丰富度高,较低的突变率,易于自动化分析等特点,通过LD作图,可构建高分辨率的遗传图谱。在功能基因组研究中有重要的作用,加速林木育种技术的革新。     

遗传背景监测信息系统设计与实现

在人工繁殖的动物群体中，常常面临基因流失、遗传漂变、多样性减少等等问题．所以人工繁殖的群体必须进行遗传管理，其中，遗传管理的实现取决于对群体中的每一个体进行遗传背景监测，然后对个体的背景资料进行群体水平的管理．以猕猴人工养殖群体为模型，以遗传背景编码的设计为基础，完成的遗传背景监测系统的设计．结果表明，这个系统可以较好地摸拟猕猴群的生物社会，达到有效的遗传背监测目的。     

儿童也会得精神病

“冬冬的家长,你最好带孩子到医院的精神科看一看,他的精神发育是否有障碍。”冬冬的家长对老师的话感到不解,怎么了,才8岁的孩子也会得精神病?这是一个复杂的问题,因为许多精神病至今原因不明,长期以来只停留在现象描述和对症治疗阶段。因此,常有人问,儿童也会得精神病吗?认为只有受刺激才会得精神病,许多儿童患了精神病,不能被及时发现。其实,儿童不但会患精神病,而且疾病的复杂性和严重性往往超过成人。所以,早期发现、早期治疗对儿童精神疾病的转归有极大的影响。     

“被精神病”现象的法社会学思考

在复杂的社会环境下，“被精神病”现象有愈演愈烈的趋势，已由单一的医学问题上升为复杂的社会问题，进而引起社会各界的关注，甚至一度对广大民众造成恐慌。分析“被精神病”现象产生的原因，并从法社会学的角度提出相关防范对策，有助于维护公民的基本权利和社会的稳定和谐。     

“表观遗传”教学中几个难点的分析

分析了表观遗传机制、表观遗传信息的遗传、表观遗传与中心法则的关系、蜂王的表观遗传,为中学生物学教学提供教学背景参考与教学建议。     

“染色体变异的应用”复习课教学设计

1教学背景分析本节为人教版高中生物学教材必修2第5章第2节“染色体变异”中的教学内容,考纲要求为Ⅱ级,要求学生通过学习能够理解所列知识和其他相关知识之间的联系和区别,并能在较复杂的情境中综合运用,以进行分析、判断、推理和评价。本节内容可以与有丝分裂、减数分裂、遗传规律等知识相联系,知识综合性较高。     

新高考遗传题命题趋势例析

<正>在新高考背景下,笔者认为大部分省份遗传题的命题趋势可以总结为两类:(1)形式多变,一般与多种情境相结合,既有生产生活情境,也有学术科研情境;(2)侧重基础规律的考查,逐渐淡化复杂的计算及实验设计;(3)将遗传各模块的知识结合起来进行综合考查。笔者从以下三个考查方向进行阐述。     

线粒体DNA突变与疾病

介绍了线粒体DNA的遗传学特性,试从分子水平上探讨mtDNA突变发生情况,阐明mtDNA的突变与线粒体病和衰老的关系,简要说明了人类mtDNA突变的类型和相应的线粒体病的特点.     

DNA分子标记及其在作物遗传育种中的应用

介绍了在作物遗传育种中常用的几种分子标记,并且概述了它们在作物遗传育种中应用的几个方面(1)分子标记遗传图谱的建立及基因定位;(2)分子标记的辅助选择;(3)亲缘关系和遗传多样性研究;(4)品种纯度鉴定.     

遗传学发展的轨迹及其启示

从遗传学产生和发展的四个主要阶段———遗传学的诞生、细胞遗传学的建立、分子遗传学的形成、分子遗传学的发展 ,以遗传学研究的思想发展和认识历程为主线 ,阐述了遗传学百余年来的发展轨迹 ,并分析了遗传学的发展给予我们的若干启示     

MGB probe assay for rapid detection of mtDNA11778 mutation in the Chinese LHON patients by real-time PCR

Objective:Leber's hereditary optic neuropathY (LHON)is a maternally inherited degeneration of the optic nerve caused by point mutations of mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA).Many unsolved questions regarding the penetrance and pathophysiological mechanism of LHON demand efficient and reliable mutation testing.This study aims to develop a minor groove binder(MGB) probe assay for rapid detection of mtDNA11778 mutation and heteroplasmy in Chinese LHON patients by real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR).Methods:Forty-eight patients suspected of having LHON and their maternal relatives underwent a molecular genetic evaluation,with 20 normal individuals as a control group at the same time.A real-time PCR involving two MGB probes was used to detect the mtDNA 11778 mutation and heteroplasmy.A linear standard curve was obtained by pUCmLHONG and pUCmLHONA clones.Results:All 48 LHON patients and their matemal relatives were positive for mtDNA 11778 mutation in our assay,27 heteroplasmic and 21 homoplasmic.Eighteen cases did not show an occurrence of the disease,while 9 developed the disease among the 27 heteroplasmic mutation cases.Eleven did not show an occurrence of the disease,while 10 cases developed the disease among 21 homoplasmic mutation cases.There was a significant difierence in the incidence between the heteroplasmic and the homoplasmic mutation types.The time needed for running a real-time PCR assay was only 80 min.Conclusion:This real-time PCR assay is a rapid,reliable method for mtDNA mutation detection as well as heteroplasmy quantification.Detecting this ratio is very important for predicting phenotypic expression of unaffected carriers.     

线粒体基因突变糖尿病的临床研究进展

线粒体基因突变糖尿病的发现是近年来糖尿病分子遗传学研究的重要进展之一,也是近年来糖尿病研究的一大热点。线粒体tRNA^leu（uuR）A3243G突变导致胰岛B细胞功能缺陷,进而导致线粒体糖尿病的发生。WHO已将此型糖尿病归类为特殊类型糖尿病。综述此型糖尿病的临床表现及其分子诊断学方法和临床研究进展。     

论基因突变的有害性与有利性

基因突变是生物体遗传物质发生改变的一种形式,它常给生物体带来明显而有害的表型变化,但有些变异对生物体是有利的。本文通过研究基因突变的有害性与有利性,旨在探索加强人类对有害基因突变的控制、对有利基因突变的利用的途径。     

与体质和运动能力相关的双生子研究

双生子分析法是人类遗传学研究的经典方法,采用此法进行体质与运动能力的遗传学研究,首先要解决如遗传度公式的选择、双生子卵型的鉴别等基础问题。人类体质与运动能力的遗传学研究已有较长的历史,其领域从经典遗传流行病学发展到分子生物学,研究方法不断更新,人类对体质与运动能力遗传本质有了更深入的了解。     

A novel splice mutation of HERG in a Chinese family with long QT syndrome

Congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a genetically heterogeneous disease in which six ion-channel genes have been identified. The phenotype-genotype relationships of the HERG (human ether-a-go-go-related gene) mutations are not fully understood. The objective of this study is to identify the underlying genetic basis of a Chinese family with LQTS and to characterize the clinical manifestations properties of the mutation. Single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analyses were conducted on DNA fragments amplified by polymerase chain reaction from five LQT-related genes. Aberrant conformers were analyzed by DNA sequencing. A novel splice mutation in C-terminus of HERG was identified in this Chinese LQTS family, leading to the deletion of 11-bp at the acceptor splice site of Exon9 [Exon9 IVS del (-12→-2)]. The mutation might affect, through deficient splicing, the putative cyclic nucleotide binding domain (CNBD) of the HERG K channel. This mutation resulted in a mildly affected phenotype. Only the proband had a history of syncopes, while the other three individuals with long QT interval had no symptoms. Two other mutation carriers displayed normal phenotype. No sudden death occurred in the family. The 4 affected individuals and the two silent mutation carriers were all heterozygous for the mutation. It is the first splice mutation of HERG reported in Chinese LQTS families. Clinical data suggest that the CNBD mutation may be less malignant than mutations occurring in the pore region and be partially dominant over wild-type function.     

Reasoning across ontologically distinct levels: Students' understandings of molecular genetics

In this article we apply a novel analytical framework to explore students' difficulties in understanding molecular genetics—a domain that is particularly challenging to learn. Our analytical framework posits that reasoning in molecular genetics entails mapping across ontologically distinct levels—an information level containing the genetic information, and a physical level containing hierarchically organized biophysical entities such as proteins, cells, tissues, etc. This mapping requires an understanding of what the genetic information specifies, and how the physical entities in the system mediate the effects of this information. We therefore examined, through interview and written assessments, 10th grade students' understandings of molecular genetics phenomena to uncover the conceptual obstacles involved in reasoning across these ontologically distinct levels. We found that students' described the genetic instructions as containing information about both the structure and function of biological entities across multiple organization levels; a view that is far less constrained than the scientific understandings of the genetic information. In addition, students were often unaware of the different functions of proteins, their relationship to genes, and the role proteins have in mediating the effects of the genetic information. Students' ideas about genes and proteins hindered their ability to reason across the ontologically distinct levels of genetic phenomena, and to provide causal mechanistic explanations of how the genetic information brings about effects of a physical nature. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 44: 938–959, 2007     

The Louisville Twin Study: developmental synchronies in behavior

The Louisville Twin Study includes nearly 500 pairs of twins and their siblings who have participated in a longitudinal study of mental development, beginning in infancy and extending to adolescence. The results show that individual differences beginning in infancy and extending to adolescence. The results show that individual differences in intelligence progressively stabilized by school age, and each child followed a distinctive pattern of spurts and lags in mental development. Monozygotic twins became increasingly concordant over ages and matched each other closely for developmental trends. By contrast, dizygotic twins regressed to an intermediate level of concordance, comparable with that found for siblings and parent-offspring sets. A comprehensive home assessment was performed to identify the home/family variables that contributed to mental development. The overall results pointed to a strong developmental thrust in the growth of intelligence, which was principally guided by an intrinsic genetic ground plan. Qualitative features of home and family did, however, add significantly to prediction of offspring IQ. The results are interpreted in the context of Waddington's developmental model, and some recent advances in neurobiology and genetics are surveyed for their implications for developmental behavior genetics.