论数字化学术期刊

学术期刊数字化、网络化已经成为网络上很普遍的存在。大量充斥因特网的学术期刊网页、网站,看似繁华,其实,它的生存状态很艰难。即使目前学术期刊通过网页或是网站参与学术资源的传递,也只是在原有期刊工作模式下的一些补充,还不能被视为“网络期刊”。数字化学术 解决的问题很多,包括谁来的数字化运作付费、平面期刊网络化的技术、学术资源检索的工具和检索模式的合理化等,只有突破这些“瓶颈”问题,学术期刊的数字化才会真正取得进展。     

Assessment literacy and student learning: the case for explicitly developing students ‘assessment literacy’

In this paper, we report on a study to quantify the impact on student learning and on student assessment literacy of a brief assessment literacy intervention. We first define ‘assessment literacy’ then report on the development and validation of an assessment literacy measurement instrument. Using a pseudo-experimental design, we quantified the impact of an assessment literacy-building intervention on students’ assessment literacy levels and on their subsequent performance on an assessment task. The intervention involved students in the experimental condition analysing, discussing and applying an assessment rubric to actual examples of student work that exemplified extremes of standards of performance on the task (e.g. poor, excellent). Results showed that such a procedure could be expected to impact positively on assessment literacy levels and on student performance (on a similar or related task). Regression analyses indicated that the greatest predictor of enhanced student marks (on the assessment task that was the subject of the experiment), was the development of their ability to judge standards of performance on student work created in response to a similar task. The intervention took just 50 minutes indicating a good educational return on the pedagogical investment.     

大学教授的教学观念及其对大学的影响

大学教授与学者的区别，是其有教学观念，而大学教授的教学观念又对大学的发展直接产生影响。大学教授教学观念的基本特征有：高深学问观，传知高足观，培养专才观。教学观念的文化类型有：知识本位的学科教学文化，经验本位的学院派教学文化，活动本位的创新教学文化。对大学的发展和影响表现在：以学术权威为核心的显性影响，以集体权威为主干的隐性影响，以教授为中心的校园文化影响。     

传统《诗经》学的重大历史转折——朱熹“以《诗》言《诗》”说申论

朱熹首倡并躬行的“以《诗》言《诗》”说是对《诗序》”以史证《诗》”以及后儒“以《序》解《诗》”的否定与批判，同时又体现了对《诗经》文学本质与诗歌创作规律的深刻认识。贯彻“以《诗》言《诗》”的原则，实现传统《诗经》学的重大变革，是历史的发展与时代的需求赋予宋代学者的重大使命；而文学名家与经学大师的一身兼任，历代文学与历代经学的双轨集成，是朱熹实现《诗经》学变革的主体条件怀客观基础。     

高校英语专业学生翻译使用观念的个案调查分析

本文在介绍国内外对翻译的研究基础上,使用调查问卷对新疆师范大学英语专业大二学生的翻译使用观念进行了实证性研究。调查和分析了他们在翻译观念上的状况、英语学习水平和翻译的使用观念、相关程度如何等问题,本文就结果进行了讨论,使英语教师和学生本身对翻译有了一定深刻的认识。     

中小学教师培训政策的价值取向变迁——基于1986年和2011年国家关于中小学教师培训《意见》的文本分析

本研究运用文本分析法,通过对1986年国家教委颁布的《关于加强在职中小学教师培训工作的意见》和2011年教育部颁布的《关于大力加强中小学教师培训工作的意见》进行分析,了解不同时期中小学教师培训政策的价值取向变迁。研究发现:分别处于改革开放初期和全面建设小康社会时期的两份《意见》,政策价值取向发生了明显的变化,表现为:一是从关注"社会价值"走向关注"人的价值";二是从注重效率走向注重公平;三是从关注社会外在需求走向关注教师内在需求;四是从注重知识培训走向注重能力和素质的提升。     

"辨骚"与"变乎骚"的批评学意义--从对屈原论争的评价看刘勰的作者批评观

刘勰《文心雕龙·辨骚》不仅是一篇作者批评专论 ,而且也是一篇对屈原进行评价的文学论争专论。刘勰确立屈原及其《离骚》“变乎骚”的立论视角 ,在对屈原论争中两派不同观点进行评析的同时 ,充分肯定了屈原的价值和地位 ,从而使屈原论争走出误区 ,将作者批评提升到更高层次。刘勰的屈原批评和对屈原论争的批评具有批评学方法论的重要意义。     

钟嵘《诗品》对清诗话影响综论

钟嵘《诗品》为中国品诗之祖、诗话之源，而清诗话则代表了古典诗学的鼎盛与繁荣。本文结合量化分析和学理分析，拟把作为源流关系的钟嵘《诗品》与清诗话略作比较观照。通过《诗品》对清诗话影响概观、《诗品》对清诗话诗学理论的影响、清诗话对《诗品》诗学理论的反拨三个层面的研究，探讨了《诗品》影响清诗话的综合状况。     

近五年来晚清政治史研究述评

近五年来的晚清政治史研究有一个从革命史转向改革史、从事件史回归制度史研究的趋向,学界在对实证研究方法的重视、研究视角与研究路径的转换等方面取得了一定的成果,尤其是在戊戌变法与清末新政研究方面成果较为突出。本文对近五年来晚清政治史研究的最新进展略做述评。     

Anxiety and motivation in achievement settings: towards a systems-theoretical approach

This paper presents a literature review and a theoretical model on the interrelations of anxiety and motivation in achievement settings. The results of a review of definitions and a computer-based search for evidence demonstrate that there is no clarity on such relationships either on a conceptual or on an empirical level. As a contribution to an alleviation of this state of affairs, the conceptual overlaps and boundaries between general and education-specific concepts of emotion and anxiety, on the one hand, and motivation, on the other hand, are analyzed. On this basis a theoretical model of the interconnections between anxiety and motivation is developed. Starting with simple and mostly empirically founded one-way functional assumptions, this model uses a systems-theoretical framework to represent the complexity of feedforward and feedback loops between anxiety, motivation and achievement.     

乌鲁木齐市城乡交错带土地利用与景观格局变化研究

文章运用城市地理学、景观生态学有关原理和方法,从土地利用类型入手,以乌鲁木齐城乡交错带内四个乡为着眼点,依据调查资料和实地考察从较微观层面上解析了乌鲁木齐城乡交错带土地利用变化特征,并对不同时段的土地景观格局进行了对比分析,从而得出了一些相关结论。     

大学生赴基层就业的影响因素分析及指导策略——基于社会认知职业理论

以社会认知职业理论为依据,对大学毕业生选择基层就业的影响因素进行考察。结果发现：社会经济地位对结果期待和职业兴趣有显著的负向影响;学习经验直接影响结果期待,通过知觉支持间接、正向地影响自我效能感;知觉支持可以直接、正向地影响职业兴趣和职业意向,也可以通过自我效能感间接、正向地影响职业兴趣和职业意向;自我效能感直接、正向地影响结果期待,并且两者共同影响职业兴趣和职业意向。据此提出引导大学生赴基层就业的指导策略：开展毕业生基层实践活动、提升毕业生自我效能感、展示翔实的结果预期信息、建立社会支持系统。     

教师培训学习结果的多维度解析

从教育目标分类学的视角对教师培训学习结果构成所做的元分析为教师培训目标与结果的表述提供了有价值的参照;从教师素质构成分析的视角对教师培训学习结果所做的元分析为理解教师培训活动的实际结果提供了可资借鉴的参考;从培训评估的视角对教师培训学习结果所做的元分析为理解教师培训结果的不同层次提供了一定的借鉴。     

区域市场一体化及其对经济增长作用的探讨——珠三角9市的经验证据

从政治晋升的角度,建立数学模型对地区市场一体化现象进行经济机理分析,指出如果市场一体化对经济增长有正向作用,则带来官员晋升可能性的提高,驱使地方政府选择市场一体化;反之,则选择市场非一体化。采用相对价格法计算珠三角地区9城市2002--2010年市场一体化指数,在构建市场一体化指数数据库的基础上,研究了珠三角地区市场一体化的经济增长效应。实证分析发现：珠三角地区9市市场一体化没有出现模型分析中的非市场一体化产生地区经济增长,这只能说明珠三角地区9市经济发展水平处于较高阶段。这一结论为理解珠三角地区政府在区域经济合作方面的行为提供了参考。     

Integration and representation in rats’ serial pattern learning in the T-maze

Rats were exposed to three-trial series consisting of reinforced (R) trials and one nonreinforced (N) trial in a fixed order, RRN and RNR (Experiments 1 and 2) or NRR and RRN (Experiment 3), on extended visually distinct runways in a T-maze. When initially presented with the same sequence on each series in a session (separate presentations) with the same runway on all trials within a series (Experiments 1 and 3), all the rats developed slower running speeds on N than on R trials. When a runway was sometimes changed between the first and next two trials during separate presentations training (Experiment 2) or both sequences were later intermixed within each session in each experiment, only rats exposed to each sequence on a specific runway maintained these serial running patterns. Rats displayed serial running patterns on a test RNN sequence similar to that on the RNR sequence (Experiment 2), as would be predicted by an intertrial association model of serial pattern learning (Capaldi & Molina, 1979), but responded on test RRR and NRN sequences (Experiment 3) as would be predicted by an ordinal-trialtag/intratrial association model (Burns, Wiley, & Payne, 1986). Results from test series of free-choice trials in Experiments 1 and 2 failed to support a prediction of the intratrial association model that these rats would integrate RRN and RNR sequences. Rather than always selecting a baited runway on both the second and the third free-choice trials, the rats only selected a baited runway on the third trial on the basis of their choice on the second trial, as would be predicted by the intertrial association model. Only after experiencing all possible outcome sequences during forced-choice training in Experiment 3 did these rats predominantly select a baited runway on every free-choice trial.     

探究学习三要义

所谓探究学习,是指在教师的指引下,学生积极主动、相对独立地对问题探个究竟的过程。探究学习的精神实质有三要义,即自得、自省和自化。自得是指主体不依外力、自然而得的过程,其实现依赖于深入思考。自省则是追问之后的省察和反思,通过内视自己而明理。白化是通过感和悟的心理过程,将外在的知识内化成为主体的思想和精神的过程。     

杨凝朝正考--兼谈柳宗元《送杨凝郎中使还汴宋诗后序》的系年

杨凝是柳宗元的父执、姻亲,考证杨凝的生平行事,对于深入了解柳宗元的行事不无裨益。本文考证了杨凝在宣武军幕府中两次朝正,进而廓清了柳宗元《送杨凝郎中使还汴宋诗后序》系年上的一些分歧。     

藏族大学生学校环境与问题行为的关系

文章采用《青少年行为问卷》和《学生学校情景量表》对450名藏族大学生进行调查,探讨学校环境对藏族大学生问题行为的影响。结果发现:学校环境的课业与自我适应维度对学业适应不良有显著影响,常规和自我适应维度对攻击行为有显著影响,常规维度对违纪有显著影响,常规、同学关系和自我适应维度对退缩、神经质和问题行为总分都有显著影响,课业、同学关系和自我适应维度对考试焦虑有显著影响。表明学校环境对藏族大学生问题行为具有显著的影响。     

The effects of attending a diverse college

The question of whether there are benefits to be obtained from having a diverse student body is a key issue in the debate over affirmative action. This paper estimates the effects of college racial diversity on post-college earnings, civic behavior, and satisfaction with the college attended. I use the Beginning Postsecondary Students survey, which allows me to control for exposure to racial diversity prior to college. Moreover, I use two techniques from Altonji, Elder, and Taber (2005) to address the issue of selection on unobservables. The first is a sensitivity analysis showing how the coefficient on diversity changes when different values of the correlation are imposed in a system of equations that consists of a selection equation and an outcome equation. The second is estimation based upon an assumption that selection on unobservables equals selection on observables, which, along with the OLS results, gives estimates of bounds on the effect. Single-equation estimates suggest a possible positive effect of diversity on satisfaction with the racial climate at the college attended and a negative effect on community service, but I do not find an effect on other outcomes. Moreover, the estimates are very sensitive to the assumptions made about selection on unobservables.     

An Evaluation of Two Hands-On Lab Styles for Plant Biodiversity in Undergraduate Biology

We compared learning cycle and expository formats for teaching about plant biodiversity in an inquiry-oriented university biology lab class (n = 465). Both formats had preparatory lab activities, a hands-on lab, and a postlab with reflection and argumentation. Learning was assessed with a lab report, a practical quiz in lab, and a multiple-choice exam in the concurrent lecture. Attitudes toward biology and treatments were also assessed. We used linear mixed-effect models to determine impacts of lab style on lower-order cognition (LO) and higher-order cognition (HO) based on Bloom''s taxonomy. Relative to the expository treatment, the learning cycle treatment had a positive effect on HO and a negative effect on LO included in lab reports; a positive effect on transfer of LO from the lab report to the quiz; negative impacts on LO quiz performance and on attitudes toward the lab; and a higher degree of perceived difficulty. The learning cycle treatment had no influence on transfer of HO from lab report to quiz or exam; quiz performance on HO questions; exam performance on LO and HO questions; and attitudes toward biology as a science. The importance of LO as a foundation for HO relative to these lab styles is addressed.