Paper And Its Uses（高一适用）

How much paper do you use every year? In 1900 the world‘s use of paper was about one kilogram for each person in a year. Now some countries use as much as 50 kilograms of paper for each person in a year. The amount of paper a country uses shows how advanced the country is, people say. Some countries like the United States, England and Sweden certainlv use more oaoer than other countries.     

Promoting accountability and enhancing efficiency： Using national education accounts to track expenditure flows

Increasing accountability and efficiency in the use of public and out-of-pocket financing in education are critical to realizing the maximum impact of the meager allocations to education in most developing countries. While broad estimates and numbers are routinely collected by most national ministries and state departments of education, the lack of accuracy and reliability as well as the obtuse nature of recording and presentation of the data does not facilitate any serious policy use. A major advance in this area has been brought about by the development of NEA （National Education Accounts）, which is a new tool for measuring education expenditures in a systematic policy-~endly manner. In essence, NEAs measure the ＂financial pulse＂ of an education system, answering 4 key questions： Who is financing education？ How much do they spend？ How are funds distributed across different education providers, levels and activities？ Who benefits from or receives the services？ NEAs gather information on all spending from public, private and donor sources, and provide a snap-shot of all expenditures on education in the state or country. While not an auditing tool, it provides real time information on the flow of funds that can be used for evidence-based decision-making. It provides information to policy-makers, enabling them to discern systcm-wide inequities and identify areas that require changes in policy. In addition, the use of a standard classification of expenditures allows for data from NEAs to be comparable between and within countries. This paper provides an assessment of accountability and efficiency in the use of public and private resources in the education sector in 2 states of Nigeria. Using comparative data from implementation of education accounts in 2 states of Nigeria, it presents a breakdown of education spending by public and private sources as well as donor agencies, by types of providers, by geographical regions and by category of expenditures. It analyzes educational expenditures for the 2 states in the context of state government priorities for education, and proposes a novel way of tracking trends in education spending as a means for policy-makers to organize a strategic vision supported by resources and to evaluate the outcome of policies.     

Enlightenment of American High Sports Teaching on Education in Our Country

Sports is one that is firmly integrated into the American culture and identity. High school sports not only enhance a person’s academic performance and build a person’s character, but also serve as a key to the preservation of the American culture and identity. Find out suitable clues to think about education in our country and understand the ways of future development of the education in our country base on the American high school sports teaching.     

The Pedagogical Implication of the Internet in English Teaching and Learning

Over the past few years, the Intemet has emerged as a prominent new technology. As the use of the Intemet is widespread in numerous fields and domains, without a doubt, it also carries great potential for educational use, specifically second and foreign language education. This paper will therefore try to explore the issue of the Intemet as a teaching aid, or as a teaching medium for English teaching and learning in China, through focusing on the following aspects： 1） the current state of CALL in China; 2） pedagogical benefits of the Intemet in English teaching and learning; 3） its implication in English classrocrn in China.     

Computational fluid dynamic simulation of an inter-phasing pulse tube cooler

An inter-phasing pulse tube cooler （IPPTC） consists of two pulse tube units, which are connected to each other at hot ends of the pulse tubes through a needle valve. This paper presents the computational fluid dynamic （CFD） results of an IPPTC using a 2D axis-symmetrical model. General results such as the phase difference between pressure and velocity at cold end and hot end, the temperature profiles along the wall, the available lowest temperature as well as its oscillations and the coefficient of performance （COP） for IPPTC are presented. The formation of DC flow and its effects on the performance of the cooler are investigated and analyzed in detail. Turbulence, which is partially responsible for the poor overall performance of a single orifice pulse tube cooler （OPTC）, is found to be much reduced in IPPTC and its performance is improved significantly compared with the single OPTC.     

Some Differences Between New Zealand English and British,American English

<正> Some English speaking countries have their own words to express their own meanings,for example, the Australians use the bastard from bush" to express rough country person and "they piss in each other's pockets" to mean they help each other a lot. Americans say."He wants to be laid back", which means, he wants to have a very relaxed life. The British people say, "I almost had my chips there,"meaning I almost lost my life. Sometimes, the     

一个改进的算术编码算法

Arithmetic coding is the most powerful technique for statiscal lossless encoding that has attracted much attention in recentyears. In this paper, we presents a new implementation of bit-level arithmetic coding by use of integer additions and shifts. The newalgorithm has less computation complexity and is more flexible to use, and thus is very suitable for software and hardware design. Wealso discuss the application of the algorithm to the data encryption.     

Methods for Teachers to Eliminate Lexical Obstacles to Reading Comprehension in High School

Reading comprehension is important for both teacher and students in high school.And there is a phenomenon in stu dents when they do the reading comprehension.If word recognition is difficult,students use too much of their time to read and understand the individual words,which interferes with their ability to comprehend what is read and waste too much of their time in the examination.This makes the comprehension difficult for high school students.The paper focuses on the methods for teach ers to eliminate lexical obstacles to reading comprehension in high school.     

Feedback mechanisms in learning virtual community settings

This paper introduces a set of services for the creation of on-line surveys, questionnaires, exams and self-assessment tests within a virtual community system used in e-learning settings. The system, called ＂Online Communities＂, is a dynamic web application used as platform for blended learning activities by the Faculty of Economics of the University of Trento. The functionalities added to the platform are contextualized into virtual communities, where activities take place. This allows us to create, submit and analyze questionnaires within and/or outside the boundaries of a community. Furthermore, the system allows to manage libraries of queries organized by the teacher/administrator of the community according to topics and levels of difficulty, in order to produce tests and generate self-assessment sessions on behalf of students. The addition of a questionnaire/ poll/self-assessment tool to a virtual community system can add a lot of interesting features, mainly using the inheritance mechanism implemented among different hierarchically-connected communities. This paper will present these functionalities and highlight one of these services, precisely the one dedicated to self-assessment. In the system, self-assessment tests have indeed a double nature： （1） They are useful to students for checking their own level of preparation; and （2） They are useful to lecturers as an indicator of the level of preparation reached by the students. In order to encourage the use of the system within the whole educational process, and not to limit the real use of the service to the period of the final exams only, the possibility has been foreseen for each participant to share his/her own test results, comparing them with the other members of the community, and even offering real ＂challenges＂, thus transforming passive and ＂solitary＂ learning into something much more stimulating and ＂social＂.     

Reception Theory and Creative Treason of Literary Translator

In literary translation,creative treason or translation deviations will surely be a shadow in company with each translated work.A translator is both the reader of the source text and the producer of the target text.Applying much on Reception Theory,the present paper explores the issue of translator’s creative treason in literary translation in two aspects:one is the translator’s creative treason as reader and the other is the translator’s creative treason as producer.     

The Person Deixis "We" and its Interpersonal Function

In this paper, the author concerns some aspects of person deixis to illustrate the different deictic usages of "we" and discusses the interpersonal functions of "we" in daily life and in writing research papers in the hope of making a better use of it in the future life.     

颜值高不如心地好

My seventh grade yearbook picture 1)boasts a handwritten 2)caption:"Always remember,this picture isn't nearly as nice as the person." There is another yearbook boasting the same caption-under the photo of my friend,Trudy.We both suffered the 3)humiliation of having a bad picture that year,and we each wrote the phrase under the other's photo.     

职场礼仪

Career Success Starts With BEC 商务英语开启辉煌职场 We live in a world of multi-national corporations where international travel and international teams have become the norm.Whilst it is becoming increasingly easy to communicate with each other in a modem,technologically advanced world,the complex social and cultural implications of communicating with people from all parts of the world has added a level of complexity to our workplace interactions never before experienced on such a grand scale.How we deal with each other is critical to the success of the companies for which we work,as well as for our personal success,making the understanding and use of effective business etiquette more crucial than ever.     

On the Association and Collocation of Vocabulary

Vocabulary has always been a big concern for the English learners.In order to use language accurately and enlarge vo cabulary size,learning the association and collocation of vocabulary is of great importance.Besides,the definition of each type is presented and proper examples are given in the paper to deepen your understanding.     

Copyright Highway—Photocopying as Fair Use —Williams& Wilkins Co. v. United States

Fair use doctrine is easily controversial and difficult to judge,and owning to the coming of the new age,fair use doctrine becomes more troublesome.This paper will hold the balance between the right of reproduction of library and the publisher interests by approaching a case under these four elements:the requirement for the Purpose and character of the use;The nature of the copyrighted work;The amount and substantiality of the works used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole;The effect of the use upon the potential market for and value of the copyrighted work.     

Teaching Listening and Speaking Through English Movies in Middle School

Howard Gardner pointed out that there are different kinds of intelligence in each person, including linguistic and visual intelli gence. Movie is a new medium for English language teaching. Because the visual element can be presented along with the Linguistic fea tures. This thesis focuses on using movies in language teaching. It explains why and how we can use English movies in teaching listening and speaking, and it also gives some suggestions and examples about how to use English movies in English language teaching.     

The Effects of Language Policy on Minority Languages

Many countries have language policies with the purpose of promoting or discouraging the use of a particular language or a set of languages. In a multilingual country, the official language(s) is always favored by the national language policy; in contrast, the minority languages, to some extent, are hindered in their development. This paper, by the case studies of minority languages in New Zealand, Netherlands, and China, illustrates the effects of these countries’ general language policies on their minority languages. Minority languages are seen as a part of cultural identity of minority groups. To protect their own culture and identity, they devote themselves to seek the equal right for their languages and cultures. In making language policies, the authorities should give respect and regard to the minority languages.     

幸福源于重复(英文)

We are living in a society of innovation.every person,every family,even every country is seeking for novelty in every way and trying their best to avoid repetition.For instance,writers rack their brains to come up with new ideas for interesting works;journalists go all out to search for the latest news; composers have to write out something special to attract the audience;and as for teachers,they must always keep updating themselves in order to catch up with the fast-developing world...     

The Use of English in Public Life in China

English as a world language has been paid much attention not only by individuals but also by governments in metropolises as well as small cities in China.Both individuals and governments in Tianjin,one of metropolises and Jiaozuo,one of small cities in China have realized the importance of English.Such a realization has resulted in the wide use of English in public facilities,such as traffic signs and tourist indicators,and English banking service Also,individual Chinese of different ages have a strong desire to learn English.Through comparing the use of English in a public life in these two cities,the authors intend to show a wide use of English in public life in China.