充满国家意志的英国国家考试是如何改革的

本文提出国家考试应该充分体现国家的意志,并通过对充满国家意志的英国国家考试改革的剖析,阐明我国高考改革中应如何借鉴英国国家考试改革的经验,把我国考试改革更加推向科学化。     

必须认真清理考试领域中不合理的行政许可——兼谈考试应体现谁的意志

为了将考试引入更有利的优化机制,讨论了20年来考试特别是高考改革的得失成败,主张并强调考试中国家意志和用户意志的统一。     

“国家意志”岂能排斥?——评“国家意志的介入阻碍了考试的改革”

“国家意志的介入阻碍了考试的改革”这一观点,事关对20多年来我国高考改革的基本评价,国家、国家意志与教育、考试、高考的关系等两大问题,都带有全局的性质,所以讨论是有意义的。     

考试的两大功能与改革取向

强化国家意志和服务经济发展是考试的两大基本功能 ,考试改革的出发点和最终目的在于使考试功能最大化 ,也就是使考试尽可能地满足政治和经济发展的需要。为此 ,需要不断改革考试管理体制 ,在考试领域中渗透、体现、强化国家意志 ,并根据我国经济发展的实际需要 ,从门类、内容、方法三方面进行考试结构的调整     

高考所体现的国家意志是社会的共同需要——兼论高考制度改革的有关问题

高考的直接作用是选拔人才,国家的意志和高校的意志在根本上是一致的,是共性与个性的关系。无论由谁组织高考,国家的意志都要得到体现。从目前来说,国家组织高考符合我国国情,但高考改革需要提速,改革的趋势是通过多种方式选拔人才,以降低以知识为主的统一考试对基础教育的导向作用。     

论教育考试作为意志协调的契约性——兼评考试性质之讨论

在考试应体现谁的意志的争论中,有四种代表性的观点:国家意志说,用户意志说,个人意志说,人类(社会)意志说。但上述观点并不能很好地概括考试的属性。为此,从国家、社会和个人的关系中,赋予考试内涵以新的阐释,即考试是三者之间意志协调的结果,其属性在于国家、社会和个人意志协调的契约。     

论考试中的文化无意识

课程的文化锁定表明课程中有着国家意识形态的渗透。教育考试作为课程评价方式之一,其中隐藏着文化无意识,必然体现国家意志。其他类型的考试是文化之网中的一种社会存在,也必然体现国家意志。因此,国家意志是考试无法逃离的一个场域。     

体现国家意志是考试的属性

体现国家意志是考试的属性。考试的权威性根植于其科学,公开,公平,公正诸特点之中,也来源于国家的组织实施;国家权力的介入对考试具有规范导向和保障作用。因此,割裂国家意志与用户意志的关系,理论上不能成立,实践上也很难行通。     

考试是应试者意志的体现

考试是应试者意志的体现,因为应试者是具有自由意志的独立主体,参加考试是应试者根据自己的兴趣、爱好和理想自由选择的行为,应试者参加考试是要付出代价和承担风险的。说考试不是国家和政府意志的体现,是因为任何国家任何制度的政府都不可能强迫公民参加考试。     

"全国统一考试是国家意志的体现"这一提法的回顾

"全国统一考试是国家意志的体现",这一提法既有积极意义,也有历史局限,对以科学发展观来审视统一考试制度的改革完善、兴废、发展,有所裨益。     

Western and Eastern culture differences in commercial field

The communication of people partially is the communication of cultures. Culture has a direct effect on international commercial activities in all aspects. Different conceptions about time, space, equality, law and the like, lead people to deal with things in different ways. So to know cultures of the counterpart is to facil-itate our enterprises so as to have a smooth and successful communication in commercial activity.     

风的曲线

Rosco and I wait for the fishermen to return.I sit at a wooden bench near the store at Mt.Baker Resort and watch the clouds change shape. Rosco has my belt around his neck and an eight foot tow chain hooked to a tree. Dogs must be on a leash. Ducks and rabbits are loose.     

团图为数的图中的闭团贯数

Given a graph G,a subgraph C is called a clique of G if C is a complete subgraph of G maximal under inclusion and |C|≥2. A clique-transversal set S of G is a set of vertices of G such that S meets all cliques of G. The clique-transversal number, denoted as TC (G), is the minimum cardinality of a clique-transversal set in G. The clique-graph of G, denoted as K (G), is the graph obtained by taking the cliques of G as vertices, and two vertices are adjacent if and only if the corresponding cliques in G have nonempty intersection. Let F be a class of graphs G such that F={G|K(G) is a tree}. In this paper the graphs in F having independent clique-transversal sets are shown and thus TC (G)/|G|≤1/2 for all G ∈ F.     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

Social and Cultural Influence on Word Meaning

Different nations have different social cultures, and the social culture of every nation is developing with the development of the nation, language is greatly influenced by social culture, which enables language to possess national and historical characteristics. Word is the smallest, independent, meaningful linguistic unit of language. It can well reflect the national and historical characteristics. From synchronic aspect, the social and cultural influence on word meaning is mainly embodied in conceptual and associative meanings of word. The incorrespondence of word meaning is a phenomenon that exists in both conceptual and associative meanings of word among different languages. From diachronic aspect, the development of social culture causes some changes of word meaning to some extent. Therefore, social culture plays a key role in vocabulary learning and mastery of a language.     

汉字倒说

汉字的六书,《说文》对“转注”一类,语焉不详。后世学者提及转注,也仅限于许慎所举出的例字。《汉字例说》一文,作者从转注的角度综合考虑,对部分现代常用字作了分析,跟传统的解释有所不同。希望能抛砖引玉,互相切磋,以推进学术研究。     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.