零售企业核心竞争力:概念、内容和测评

在借鉴工业领域核心竞争力理论成果的基础上,充分考虑零售行业的特殊性,探讨零售企业核心竞争力的概念,以及与工业领域不同的核心竞争力载体、内容及测评方法,为零售企业建立、评价核心竞争力和经营创新提供理论依据。     

基于VAR模型的宁波制造业与物流业联动发展分析

以界定制造业与物流业的关系与互为贡献度为联动研究的切入点,依据宁波市1998—2012年的发展数据,应用Eviews6.0软件,采用VAR模型进行实证分析,得出如下结论：与制造业不同,物流业并未在国民经济增长过程中发挥应有的作用;物流业尚不可与制造业相抗衡,制造业发展对物流业的贡献度高于物流业发展对制造业的贡献度,联动发展处于从非对称性互惠共生模式过渡到对称性互惠共生模式的中间组织状态,模式为制造业推动型增长模式。继而有针对性的对促进宁波市制造业与物流业联动发展提出可行性的对策建议。     

制造业与资源性产业实现清洁生产的一般性工业生态框架

为了实现资源的优化利用与保护自然环境,基于融合大量的制造工艺过程、经济约束和环境的、健康和安全等因素,提出一个制造业与资源性产业的一般性工业生态模型,有利于可持续的发展。     

Advancing innovation in the public sector: Aligning innovation measurement with policy goals

There is sufficient evidence, drawn from surveys of innovation in the public sector and cognitive testing interviews with public sector managers, to develop a framework for measuring public sector innovation. Although many questions that are covered in the Oslo Manual guidelines for measuring innovation in the private sector can be applied with some modifications to the public sector, public sector innovation surveys need to meet policy needs that require collecting additional types of data. Policy to support public sector innovation requires data on how public sector organizations innovate and how a strategic management approach to innovation can influence the types of innovations that are developed. Both issues require innovations surveys to delve deeply into the innovation processes and strategies that are used by public sector managers. Implementation of the measurement framework proposed in this paper would open up opportunities for a new, policy-relevant research program on public sector innovation.     

Innovation in the service sector: The demand for service-specific innovation measurement concepts and typologies

There is evidence that the notion of innovation, well established in the manufacturing sector, cannot simply be transposed to the service sector. This article deals critically with existing measurement concepts derived from manufacturing, and introduces a new typology with a view to obtaining a better understanding of innovation in services. Selected results from the German innovation survey are analysed in order to support the conceptual findings and to identify potential improvements. Special attention is directed towards the inclusion of knowledge-intensive business services that are of particular importance for innovation processes.     

Varieties of innovation and business survival: Does pursuit of incremental or far-ranging innovation make manufacturing establishments more resilient?

The transition from an industrial economy to an innovation economy poses two critical questions for the manufacturing sector in advanced countries. First, given the diffusion of modern manufacturing practices around the world, what level of innovation (incremental, more far-ranging, or radical) is most likely to support a resilient domestic manufacturing sector? Second, are assumed differences in the innovative capacity across space likely to hasten the decline of rural manufacturing? To answer these questions this research combines comprehensive measures of self-reported innovation able to reliably differentiate incremental and more far-ranging innovation with establishment-level data able to examine the geographical distribution of these different innovation strategies. The data used for the analysis includes a two-period panel of manufacturing establishments surveyed in 1996 and 2013 with annual employment data indicating survival in the intervening years. Our findings suggest that long-surviving manufacturing plants overwhelmingly gravitate away from non-innovation strategies toward incremental or more far-ranging innovation orientations. A survival advantage of far-ranging innovation over incremental innovation is observed for standalone firms. We do not identify a difference in the innovation orientations of rural and urban manufacturing establishments.     

Environmental management systems and technological environmental innovations: Exploring the causal relationship

Within the discussion of voluntary proactive approaches to environmental protection, former micro-econometric studies analyze the causal effect of the adoption of environmental management systems (EMS) on technological environmental innovations and find some positive impacts. Based on empirical studies which consider the effect of general innovativeness on the adoption of voluntary environmental programs (VEP) as well as based on insights from the resource-based view of the firm, we contrarily hypothesize in this paper that EMS could also reversely be affected by environmental product or process innovations. This hypothesis is empirically examined with a unique firm-level data set from the German manufacturing sector. Our econometric analyses with uni- and multivariate probit models imply a significantly positive effect of environmental process innovations on certified EMS. According to this, the causal relationship between EMS and technological environmental innovations is obviously not clear.     

3D打印制造模式与运行框架研究

基于对3D打印技术应用和制造模式演化的梳理与总结,着重探讨3D打印对制造模式和组织变革的影响,阐述3D打印制造模式的概念模型,最后提出未来3D打印制造模式的运行框架。3D打印制造模式的核心在于“个性化定制”和“社会化制造”,将顾客全程参与的理念融入到企业的价值链,通过重新定义顾客、设计师和企业的角色来实现资源整合、价值增值和知识创新,增强企业竞争优势。     

基于创新的服务业分类问题探讨

面对纷杂的服务业,对服务业进行各种各样分类研究的努力一直就没有停止过.但从服务创新的角度进行分类研究,并没有得到公认的结果.事实上,不论是服务业的经济研究,还是服务业的创新研究一直滞后于制造业,在很大程度上归咎于服务业行业的复杂性.开展服务业的类型学研究,是人们更好地认识服务业的必由之路.在简述服务业一般分类方法的基础上,探讨了基于服务创新的分类问题,描述了新的分类原则及其特征.     

Measuring the technological bias of robot adoption and its implications for the aggregate labor share

This paper investigates the technological bias of robot adoption using a rich panel data set of Spanish manufacturing firms over a 25-year period. We apply the production function estimation when productivity is multidimensional to the case of an automating technology, to reveal the Hicks-neutral and labor-augmenting technological change brought about by robot adoption within firms. Our results indicate a causal effect of robots on Hicks-neutral and labor-augmenting components of productivity. The biased technological change turns out to be an important determinant of the decline in the aggregate share of labor in the Spanish manufacturing sector.     

Towards a holistic user innovation policy

This paper aims to synthesize previous user innovation policy proposals into an adapted system of innovation framework, on which a future holistic user innovation policy for the household sector can be based. We do this in three steps. First, we introduce the systems of innovation framework as a comprehensive basis for a holistic approach to innovation policy. Second, we identify and review policy proposals made by user innovation researchers and categorize them according to ten key activities in the systems of innovation framework. Third, from a system of innovation perspective, we synthesize the policy proposals identified into an adapted framework, including determinants specific to user innovation in the household sector. The synthesized proposals are intended to strengthen the systemic and multi-causal effects of policy on household sector user innovation in a country, region, or sector. Future policies for user innovation may, on this basis, be instrumental in avoiding mono-causality, or the concentration on only a few policy instruments in a proposed policy.     

开放科学对产业创新的影响——基于美国制造业的实证研究

开放科学是对知识的开放披露行为,对产业创新起着关键的影响作用。本研究揭示了开放科学影响产业创新的制度原理、机理与路径,并对美国的34类制造型产业进行了实证测量,验证了开放科学对产业创新的八大影响路径,通过因子分析将八大路径分为了开放科学I和II两大类别,按照产业创新对开放科学的依赖程度,通过聚类分析将34类产业划分为了四大类型,总结出了开放科学影响产业创新的一般规律,并提出几点重要的政策启示。     

装备制造业发展对工业的带动作用及溢出效应——基于两部门模型的实证检验

本文将工业分为装备制造和非装备制造两类部门,应用两部门模型研究装备制造业发展对工业经济的带动作用以及对非装备制造部门的溢出效应,并运用2000-2007年我国31个省区的面板数据进行了实证检验,结果表明:(1)装备制造业对非装备制造部门存在显著的溢出效应,外溢弹性为7.996%;(2)装备制造业对整个工业经济的带动作用十分明显,贡献率达到9.15%;(3)装备制造业的平均要素边际产出比非装备制造部门高出10.07%。     

基于GIS的三维管线激光扫描建模专题研究

"加强供电质量和供电服务水平,实现供电管理系统可视化、精细化、深层化"是电力部门工作方向总体方针。三维仿真电网设备模型是实现管理可视化、精细化的基础,如何更好更快速的建立高仿真电力设备模型是电力部门一直在研究的课题。本文以"基于GIS的激光扫描建模"和"精细化模型与GIS可视化数据深层应用"两个方面讨论广州供电局供电可视化、精细化管理解决问题的方法;从广州局三维GIS系统建设现状出发,探讨解决建立高仿真三维模型的困难。通过现有科技手段,提出实施办法,建立高仿真三维模型库,完善集成各电网系统的数据接口,为广州供电局供电信息化管理提供科学的方法。     

中国机器人产业发展现状与展望

文章分析了国内外机器人产业发展现状,介绍了新松机器人产业布局,并对机器人与工业4.0、互联网+融合产生的影响进行了展望。     

Unravelling the drivers of technological innovations in the Czech Republic: Do international technological linkages matter?

This study aims to investigate the main factors driving technological innovation within firms in the manufacturing and service sectors of the Czech Republic. We apply a binary logistic regression model to cross-sectional data from 502 firms, obtained from the World Bank Enterprise Survey. The results of our empirical investigation show that certain elements of the business environment, such as the tax rate, serve as significant obstacles to firms’ product innovations. The results also confirm that international technological linkages—measured by international quality certificates and foreign technology licenses—affect technological innovations. Moreover, we found that internal R&D activities positively impact technological innovation across all sectors; contrarily, we found that process innovation in the manufacturing sector is positively influenced by foreign technology licenses and business association membership. Process innovations in the service sector are positively correlated with external R&D and financing from banking institutions. Finally, business association membership does not positively influence technological innovation in the service sector. Our findings have salient implications for firm managers, policymakers, and scholars aiming to explore and improve innovation outcomes in transitional economies.     

A literature review of RFID-enabled healthcare applications and issues

Despite the rising implementation of RFID technology-based healthcare services, few empirical studies have been conducted to assess the potential of this technology within the healthcare sector. The purpose of this study is to help initiate and direct such empirical research by both conducting a review of the extant literature and using the findings to provide a discussion of current trends and future directions in this domain. In this paper, we develop a conceptual framework that can be used to classify publications on RFID applications and issues in the healthcare industry. We then use this framework to systematically summarize relevant articles. We conclude by highlighting future research directions where the deployment of RFID technology is likely to transform the healthcare sector.     

中国制造业技术创新能力分析

技术创新能力是一国制造业发展的根本。技术创新能力受到企业R＆D活动以及其它一些创新活动的影响，同时也会受到许多企业以外，如政策环境、对外交流、融资氛围、基础设施、创新文化等诸多因素的影响。本文试图利用现有统计指标，建立我国制造业技术创新能力的分析框架。并利用2002年R＆D资源清查所获得的统计数据对我国制造业的创新能力进行实证分析，得到一些有价值的结果。     

制造企业数据资产管理体系:要素范畴与逻辑框架

【目的/意义】数据是制造企业的重要战略资源和核心资产,构建制造企业数据资产管理体系为企业数据全 生命周期管理提供理论指导。【方法/过程】梳理数据资产概念,提出企业数据资产化必要条件,分析制造企业数据 资产管理问题和瓶颈,构建多学科理论基础,解析数据资产管理体系要素,提出数据资产管理逻辑框架。【结果/结 论】该框架统筹制造企业数据资产管理主体、管理客体、管理工具等关键要素,有助于突破制造企业数据资产管理 瓶颈,发挥数据要素禀赋,助力数据资产建设,实现数据资产保值与增值。【创新/局限】提出系统的制造企业数据资 产管理体系,厘清制造企业数据资产管理模糊地带,但文本研究方法较为单一。     

多网融合下图书馆的可视化服务技术与架构例证

网络融合的大趋势促使图书馆服务不断创新,基于可视通信的基础业务,扩展到多媒体视讯服务、消息管理、远程监控、泛业务应用等图书馆创新服务,分析其技术与优势,规划其泛应用平台框架,给出四层软件架构的解决方案。