俄罗斯学校课外体育活动分析

一、俄罗斯课外体育活动种类简介 俄罗斯学校的课外体育活动可分为三种类型：学校日常和延长日的体育健身措施、课外体育运动形式、校际群众体育健身措施。     

《健身教育学》初论

健身是人类的主要社会实践,健身是人的身体自我完善和发展的过程.健身意识的培养.健身知识的传授和健身方法的研习均离不开教育,离不开科学而系统的《健身学》和《健身教育学》的理论支撑.体育的本质就是健身教育.全民健身计划的实施.为每一个有抱负、有志向、有远见的体育工作者提供了一个施展才华的广阔天地,使我们有机会重新审视和反思我们对体育的基本认识.走出历史的阴影和理论的误区.我们应以科学的态度和求实的精神.建立起具有中国特色的《健身教育学》理论体系,并高举起健身教育的旗帜,勇敢地担负起时代赋予我们的社会责任和历史使命.     

自我健身实现机制的哲学思考

运用马克思主义认识论理论及有关学科知识,对人的自我健身实现机制--健身意图、健身能力和健身精神进行初步的分析,以期为学校和社会体育工作者进一步认识和研究实现自我健身的过程提供参考.     

真义体育思想谱系背后的多重博弈及价值——林笑峰先生《健身教育论》深层价值阐释

在真义体育思想谱系中,林笑峰先生的新作<健身教育论>是核心的话语资源和理论形态.在<健身教育论>中,林笑峰先生对体育(physical education)与竞技(sports)的深刻思考,揭示了真义体育思想谱系背后的思想根源、话语权、资源配置等的博弈.在真义体育思想谱系背后的多重博弈下,<健身教育论>显示了独特价值,为体育健身与竞技娱乐和谐发展提供了全新的理论框架,为体育健身与竞技娱乐丛生问题提供了破解的思路,为体育健身与竞技娱乐相应权益提供了合理的利益格局.     

农民体育健身行为实现的内化力挖掘研究

建国以来,中国农村居民的体育思想不断改变,尤其是近几年来实现了体育健身思想的突破式跃进,但健身思想的建立并不等于健身行为的实现.调查显示,徐州市农民体育健身思想与健身行为之间Pearson相关性系数仅为0.268.针对农民体育健身思想与健身行为矛盾的现状,运用文献资料、问卷调查等研究方法,以凯尔曼态度转化理论为基础,指出两者之间的矛盾根源在于农民体育健身态度内化力的缺失.据此,对农民体育健身行为内化力的挖掘进行了研究,并从"不同组织机构环境氛围作用、多方群体榜样带动作用、传媒宣传劝服作用、影视熏陶感染作用"四个方面对健身内化力形成的路径挖掘进行了探讨,旨在为农民体育健身态度内化过程的实现奠定理论基础,进而加速其由健身思想向健身行为的跨越.     

以建构主义学习理论为指导进行健身知识技能教学

以运动技术为中心的体育教学理论,不能适应健身知识技能教学的需要。在认识和理解建构主义学习理论的基础上,分析健身知识技能教学的特点,认为建构主义理论建立新的体育教学模式为健身知识技能为核心的体育教学,提供了物质基础,使之成为健身知识技能教学理论新的生长点。     

略论体育健身理论的科学基础─—兼谈健身练习手段、强度、负荷及方法

目前,全民健身实践迫切地需要理论的支持与指导。本文从人体科学基础理论的视角,探讨健身练习手段、强度、负荷及方法的构建与选择之科学基础;揭示用竞技运动科学理论指导体育健身实践的局限性和片面性;提出以正常人体基础科学为生长点、建设体育健身科学理论体系的观点。     

农民体育健身初探

社会经济的增长,中国大部分的农民生活状况得到很大改善,同时,如何获得健康也成了农民群体目前关心的问题。在众多促进健康的手段和方法中,体育健身有着很大的优势。体育健身是人们运用体育锻炼作为基本手段,是人体达到健康状态的一种活动。农民日常田间劳作不能代替科学的体育健身,体育健身对农民身体健康很重要,研究和探讨农民体育健身的理论和方法具有重要意义。     

论体育健身理论的社会科学基础：兼谈社会,经济,科学,教育发展对体育？…

从探求体育健身理论之科学基础的视角出发,将体育健身置于社会、经济、科学、教育发展的大系统中予以具体观照,探求了各学科发展对体育健身活动的需要和支撑,揭示了两间的互动关系,旨在构筑体育健身理论寻找坚实的科学基础。     

高师健身教育专业改革和建设

分析高师健身教育专业存在的问题:体育课程照搬外国的运动教育专业课程,缺乏健身业务方面的课程教材.体育与健身教育课程是分离状态,不适应健身教育发展趋势.指出在专业改革和建设中,体育课程必须突破固有的运动教育框架,摒弃传统的以运动技术为中心的旧的课程体系,建立以强身育人为中心的新的课程体系;健身教育课程应尽快进行建设,并对健身教育专业中师资培训、课程设计、大纲与教材以及体育、健身教育课程考核提出了建议.     

对我国高等院校体育俱乐部的研究

越来越多的高校以体育俱乐部的形式进行了教学改革,但目前对高校体育俱乐部的研究存在着概念模糊、分类不准确、定性不明确等问题,结合理论与实践对以上问题进行了分析,并提出了自己的见解。     

Changes in repeated-sprint performance in relation to change in locomotor profile in highly-trained young soccer players

Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of changes in maximal aerobic (MAS) and sprinting (MSS) speeds and the anaerobic reserve (ASR) on repeated-sprint performance. Two hundred and seventy highly-trained soccer players (14.5 ± 1.6 year) completed three times per season (over 5 years) a maximal incremental running test to approach MAS, a 40-m sprint with 10-m splits to assess MSS and a repeated-sprint test (10 × 30-m sprints), where best (RSb) and mean (RSm) sprint times, and percentage of speed decrement (%Dec) were calculated. ASR was calculated as MSS-MAS. While ?RSb were related to ?MSS and ?body mass (r² = 0.42, 90%CL[0.34;0.49] for the overall multiple regression, n = 334), ?RSm was also correlated with ?MAS and ?sum of 7 skinfolds (r² = 0.43 [0.35;0.50], n = 334). There was a small and positive association between ?%Dec and ?MAS (r² = 0.02 [?0.07;0.11], n = 334). Substantial ?MSS and ?MAS had a predictive value of 70 and 55% for ?RSm, respectively. Finally, ?ASR per se was not predictive of ?RSm (Cohen’s = +0.8 to ?0.3 with increased ASR), but the greater magnitude of ?RSm improvement was observed when MSS, MAS and ASR increased together (0.8 vs. +0.4 with ASR increased vs. not, additionally to MSS and MAS). Low-cost field tests aimed at assessing maximal sprinting and aerobic speeds can be used to monitor ?RS performance.     

论新生活运动正当娱乐中的体育

新生活运动历时15年,涉及到了国民生活的方方面面。娱乐作为生活的重要组成部分,也受到新生活运动的影响。为了纠正社会上根深蒂固的“烟”、“赌”和“娼”等不良风气,新生活运动组织十分重视对正当娱乐的提倡,对体育尤为重视。蒋介石本人在新生活运动周年纪念大会上专门提到过体育问题。体育活动曾被作为新生活运动的年度中心工作或者工作要点来开展。虽然最后对体育的提倡没有达到十分理想的效果,但确实引导了国民的健康观念。新生活运动组织还培养了数量不多的体育人员,为近代体育的发展注入了动力。     

2004年上海市竞技体育后备人才运动成绩比较分析

运用文献资料、专家访谈和数理统计研究方法,对上海市二、三线运动员2004年参加全国比赛前三名的成绩进行分析,并与部分省市二、三线运动员成绩比较。结果表明:上海市竞技体育后备人才部分项目在全国保持一定优势,但后备人才严重匮乏;未来几年比赛夺金人员缺乏;部分项目与其它省市有较大的差距;其它省市对上海优势项目构成较大威胁。     

武汉市城镇居民体育消费现状的调查与分析

运用问卷调查和文献资料等方法,对武汉市居民体育消费水平、体育消费结构、体育消费影响因素、体育消费发展趋势等进行了分析研究。结果表明:居民对体育的功能和作用有深刻认识,但由于经济因素和传统习惯等影响,保守性消费观念仍占主导地位;体育消费的绝对水平较10年前大幅增长,但相对水平涨幅不大。     

Physiotherapy in Critical Care in Australia

A physiotherapist is part of the multidisciplinary team in most intensive care units in Australia. Physiotherapists are primary contact practitioners and use a comprehensive multisystem assessment that includes the respiratory, cardiovascular, neurological, and musculoskeletal systems to formulate individualized treatment plans. The traditional focus of treatment has been the respiratory management of both intubated and spontaneously breathing patients. However, the emerging evidence of the longstanding physical impairment suffered by survivors of intensive care has resulted in physiotherapists re-evaluating treatment priorities to include exercise rehabilitation as a part of standard clinical practice. The goals of respiratory physiotherapy management are to promote secretion clearance, maintain or recruit lung volume, optimize oxygenation, and prevent respiratory complications in both the intubated and spontaneously breathing patient. In the intubated patient, physiotherapists commonly employ manual and ventilator hyperinflation and positioning as treatment techniques whilst in the spontaneously breathing patients there is an emphasis on mobilization. Physiotherapists predominantly use functional activities for the rehabilitation of the critically ill patient in intensive care. While variability exists between states and centers, Australian physiotherapists actively treat critically ill patients targeting interventions based upon research evidence and individualized assessment. A trend toward more emphasis on exercise rehabilitation over respiratory management is evident.Key Words: physiotherapy, intensive care     

Changes in leg kinematics in response to unpredictability in lateral jump execution

Abstract

Lateral movements like cutting are essential in many team sport disciplines. The aim of the present study was to analyse adaptations in motor control in response to task unpredictability during lateral movement execution. Twelve subjects performed lateral jumps with different landing modalities (stable, sliding or counteracting) that were either known (predictable setting) or unknown (unpredictable setting) prior to movement execution. Results revealed that regardless of the landing modality, hip joint abduction was significantly greater in the unpredictable compared to predictable setting. Furthermore, during the sliding landing modality, hip flexion decreased from 211 ± 7° to 207 ± 7° and knee flexion decreased from 26 ± 4° to 24 ± 4° at the instant of ground contact in the unpredictable compared to predictable condition. During the stable landing modality, the knee joint abduction increased from ?0.3 ± 6° to ?3 ± 6° after initial ground contact in the unpredictable compared to predictable setting. The present results support our hypothesis that pre-programmed motor activity depends on the predictability of the landing modality during lateral movements. According to its adaptation in the frontal plane and in some extent in the sagittal plane, the hip joint seems to play the major role in the modulation of the pre-programmed activity for successful lateral jump execution in an unpredictable setting. However, these kinematic adaptations are concerning since these changes were associated with higher knee abduction during the stable landing modality and therefore with possible higher risk of injury.     

“体育强市”视域下上海市公共体育服务研究

公共体育服务是上海“体育强市”建设的基础支撑.“十一五”时期,上海市公共体育服务制度化建设逐渐加强,便民化设施不断增多,系列化活动初具规模,但仍面临着“制度设计”执行不力、“多元主体”供给失衡、“以需定供”尚未畅通等困境.在建设“体育强市”的过程中,应夯实公共体育服务基础,丰富公共体育服务内涵,培育公共体育服务多元主体,构建公共体育服务评价机制.     

论面向21世纪高等医学院校的体育改革

面对21世纪,高等医学院校体育教育改革应给学生全方位的体育教育,尤其要结合医学专业特点,提高选择和制定运动处方及指导监督他人体育健身康复的能力。