试论档案文化建设的作用和意义

档案是人类进入社会生活之后才出现的一种记忆方式,它改变了人脑记忆的生物属性,成为一种文化,同时作为一种文化也在改变着人类的生活方式。档案作为国家、社会组织或个人在社会活动中直接形成的有价值的各种形式的历史记录,具有原始记录性、权威性的特质,与各种文献、典籍密不可分。档案既是文化传播的重要媒介,又是文化本身的物质积淀。因此,档案文化是人类文化资源的重要组成部分。档案是历史的标本,文化是档案     

档案文献遗产开发动因研究

档案文献遗产是人类社会实践活动的珍贵的历史记录。是人类社会的历史见证,是一种不可再生的“集体记忆”。其作为一种社会变迁、人类进步以及文化传承的历史记忆和知识载体,承载着无数的人类智慧．具有不可替代性和不可再生性特征,蕴含着丰富的文化内涵。档案文献遗产开发就是一种传承传统文化．再现历史的社会记忆文化活动。本文将从档案文献遗产开发内在动因和外在动因来分析其开发必要性。     

试析彝文古籍文献的文化记忆

彝文古籍文献是彝族人民重要的历史文化载体,是一种人类艺术的记忆符号和文化记忆象征。彝文古籍文献具有彝族人民特有的文化艺术特征和民族传统文化意蕴,蕴含着鲜明的神圣与世俗双重属性之民俗文化特征。古籍文献是一种传承与传播民族优秀文化的记忆符号,其书面古籍文献具有书面文献文化记忆功能,口碑古籍文献具有活态传承与传播彝族文化的记忆功能。研究彝文古籍文献的文化记忆,对弘扬彝族优秀传统文化具有重要的现实意义和历史价值。以彝文古籍文献文本内容为案例,探讨彝文古籍文献的婚姻文化、丧葬文化、毕摩文化、祖灵崇拜文化等文化记忆。     

谈谈档案文献编纂的文化选择原因

<正>档案文献编纂作为一项文化体验活动,肩负着传承社会文化的伟大使命,文化的传承又通过文化累积和文化传播来实现,这一过程离不开档案文献编纂主体的自觉参与。档案文献编纂具有文化抉择、文化生产、文化传播、文化积淀等文化功能,档案文献主体通过一系列有意识的文化选择活动,将浩繁的档案文献转换为具有真正价值的文化成果,使其纳入公共文化传播体系,成为人类记忆得以绵延的源泉之一。一、档案文献编纂是一种文化现象     

海外中餐口味正统的建构与文化资本——以加拿大萨斯卡通市翠满楼为例

早期加拿大的华人移民的族群性是根据其历史性集体记忆建构而成的。他们中的有些人通过商业平台作为"中国性"场域而进行的正统性实践,逐渐地形成华人社区的一种文化惯习。本文尝试运用民族志访谈法和文化资本理论,针对一个在20世纪80年代早期开张,坐落在加拿大中西部的萨斯喀彻温省萨斯卡通市第20号大街的粤菜餐馆——翠满楼(The Mandarin)进行个案研究。在调研过程中,我们发现华人移民食品口味选择并非是一种仅仅满足生理因素的行为,更是一种反映了当地社会和历史进程的集体性的"原乡"文化记忆。本研究冀图通过这样的一个案例,讨论在加华人是如何通过个人身体化的记忆在商业行为中建构正统文化,并使之成为一种文化资本。我们试图揭示在加拿大语境中的族群景观空间内,个人将内化的中国文化来建构中餐的"正宗口味",使之具有文化资本性的实践经验。我们也将尝试把握餐厅是如何成为文化资本货币化过程的场域。     

记忆与重构:媒介记忆视角下的地名更改——以徽州与黄山为例

地名作为传播媒介的一种,在传播地域文化、凝聚集体记忆上具有重要作用。而徽文化作为三大地域文化之一,具有广泛的传播力和影响力,本文尝试从媒介记忆的视角,在"黄山改回徽州"讨论中所提到的三种媒介记忆的代表:古诗词文献中的徽州形象记忆,报纸中徽州改为黄山的报道和《人民日报》引发的微博讨论文本,去分析徽州的媒介记忆是如何形成,又是如何引发情感共鸣和记忆重叠的。     

家庭照片:作为文化建构的记忆——大等喊傣族村寨的媒介人类学解读

照片作为承载个人记忆、集体记忆乃至社会记忆的一种媒介形式,既是对历史、文化、传统等静态的展现,同时也是保留和凝聚个人或群体共同文化传统和价值观念的重要手段。文章以一个傣族村落的家庭照片作为切入点,讲述当地傣族人家庭照片背后的故事,探究照片所展现出来的人们的共同记忆和文化,并尝试追问这些记忆产生的村落社会机制、文化背景和傣族价值信念之间的关联,从而分析该社会内部成员的自我认知、人与社会、群体间的互动等问题。     

侨批的文献遗产价值及“入遗”后的保护策略

正档案文献遗产是一项十分重要的档案,由于其珍贵性和特殊性,一直吸引着人们的关注。和其他档案相比较,档案文献遗产不仅仅强调其记录的属性,更加强调附属的价值。侨批作为一种特殊的档案文献遗产,具有重要的历史、文化、经济和社会价值。"入遗"后,侨批保护、研究和利用的新方向就是要努力挖掘、转化其档案文献遗产价值。一、中国侨批与"世界记忆工程"为了更好地保存人类集体记忆和传承人类文化,联合国教科文组织在1992年启动"世界记忆工程",其目的是运用先进技术抢救、保护濒危的档案文献遗产并推动全球共享计划。该项目每两年评选一次,加入《世界记忆名录》后,联     

中华民族共同体视角下少数民族纪录片文化记忆研究

少数民族纪录片以“文化记忆”为传播媒介和方法,作为构建民族共同体的一种媒介形式,具有存储、激活、缝合民族文化记忆的作用,在传承少数民族文化的同时,也为观众塑造了关于中华民族的文化记忆。本文将文化记忆的构建作为铸牢中华民族共同体意识的一种思考理念,从文化记忆的视角出发,以少数民族纪录片为研究对象,基于对少数民族纪录片的主题内涵、叙事方式、呈现视角三方面的深度分析,从社会维度、价值维度和历史维度等视角,探究了少数民族纪录片对文化记忆的构建作用。本文认为,少数民族纪录片通过保存当下的影像和符号,并将其置于历史发展脉络和社会发展进程之中,运用这一特殊的媒介形式使得中华民族共同体意识通过文化记忆得以连续与整合。     

票证时代的社会记忆——云南省档案馆馆藏票证专题档案

<正>档案是人类在社会实践活动中形成的原始记录。一直以来,档案的第一价值,即凭证、查考价值都是档案学界研究的重点,社会公众对档案作用的理解也多在这一层面上。2004年,第十五届国际档案大会提出"档案在文化记忆、个人记忆和基因记忆的遗忘、构建和恢复中具有重要的社会功能,是寻找遗忘记忆和发现过去记忆事实真相的重要载体。"此后,档案的记忆属性得到了越来越多的业界专家和社会公众认可。     

Politicking for the Public Library

ABSTRACT

In today's current political environment raising support for millage renewals, bond campaigns or even millage continuations for public libraries is affected by national politics, and a tendency towards tax aversion on principle across the country. The lessons we can learn from the governing boards of small and rural public libraries are worth raising up to a greater national consciousness. Board governance, community consciousness, and facilities management are clear and logical tools that elected boards of public libraries can use to politick for support of libraries.     

British Writings on Romania: From Travel Accounts to Studies

This article surveys a sample of sources of the information about Romania available to British readers in nineteenth century British newspapers and periodicals. It traces first contacts between the Romanian lands and Britain after the union of the principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia in 1859, then after their independence from the Ottoman Empire. The article highlights an increased Romanian interest in British periodicals, which reported and reviewed Romanian literature and scholarship. The article concludes that nineteenth century British newspapers and periodicals offer a great variety and wealth of new material previously unavailable or unknown to researchers. It also states that only a portion of a large quantity of this material has been indexed and is therefore available via the bibliographic sources mentioned in the article. The author argues for the need of a new and updated British-Romanian bibliography, which can draw on new online resources offering access to thousands of new newspapers and periodical records.     

Slavic Approval Plans: What Works and What Doesn't

ABSTRACT

The paper looks at library approval plans for material published in Slavic, East European, and Eurasian countries from the selector's point of view. Reasons why a selector would or would not want one are examined. Success with approval plans requires monitoring receipts, as well as good and ongoing communication among the selector, the acquistions department, and the vendor. A preliminary list of vendors offering approval plans for the countries of the region appears in the appendix.     

Architectures of Knowledge and Literary Tradition: A History of the Almanac in Croatia

ABSTRACT

The history of the almanac in Croatia is reconstructed through primary research in bibliographic and archival sources. The almanac is a vehicle for knowledge communication in informal contexts, engaging both oral tradition and literary forms traceable to medieval literacy and ways of structuring knowledge. The history of the almanac in Croatia reflects the changing context of the book trade, literacy, and the evolution of language. Four main stages are identified: (1) the beginning of the annual almanac in the seventeenth century; astrological almanacs reflecting the sensibility of the Baroque period; (2) the Enlightenment's stimulation of almanac publishing in the spirit of contemporary secular reforms in agriculture and education; (3) nineteenth-and twentieth-century almanac trade, showing complex and overlapping networks for the production, distribution and appropriation of printed almanacs;(4) roughly the end of World War II, when the almanac slowly moved out of the role of a popular mass medium and into specialized niches represented by regional, diaspora, and religious almanacs.     

How Digital Content Resellers are Impacting Trade Book Publishing

Some key questions for publishers in today’s market are: Could Amazon’s recent merger and acquisitions strategy create a disruptive or paradigm shifting business model in the publishing industry? Do their recent actions post mergers and acquisitions illustrate a predicable pattern of behaviour that publishers can strategize around? This paper will explore these questions and look at some of the possible reasons behind Amazon’s business practices and the possible consequences to publishers.     

由“资源集聚”向“需求导向”转变——对武汉科技信息服务平台建设的思考

为进一步提升武汉科技信息共享服务平台使用效率,本文从平台资源建设、资源应用、供需对接方式和供需特点等方面分析了武汉科技信息资源服务现状;基于需求和利用的角度,结合平台管理实践和走访用户、问卷调查等研究方法,从信息资源需求主体和平台自身建设管理两个维度,找出制约科技资源供需对接的主要因素;以市场化和制度化为创新理念,从政策创新、机制创新、市场化服务、环境营造、人才培养等方面提出平台建设由“资源集聚”向“需求导向”转变的对策建议.     

Germany's New Culture of Welcome—Our Libraries are an Essential Part of it

ABSTRACT

German authorities are expecting more than 1 million refugees by the end of 2015. These people come to Germany to seek protection and assistance and to build a new life, therefore it is important to welcome them and to assist them in their integration as soon as possible. This situation creates a versatile and perfectly fitting opportunity for cultural and educational programs, including libraries, which can play a vital role in this integration process. The key to integration is the knowledge of the German language, and the most important challenge now is to teach the necessary language skills to as many asylum-seekers as possible.     

Syndicating Rich Bibliographic Metadata Using MODS and RSS

Abstract

Many libraries use RSS to syndicate information about their collections to users. A survey of 65 academic libraries revealed their most common use for RSS is to disseminate information about library holdings, such as lists of new acquisitions. Even though typical RSS feeds are ill suited to the task of carrying rich bibliographic metadata, great potential exists for developing applications that can exploit metadata exposed to Web services via RSS. Using the MODS metadata format, entire catalog records can be seamlessly embedded in RSS 2.0 feeds. Existing tools, such as Library of Congress Java toolkits and XSLT stylesheets, can facilitate this process, while a new XSLT stylesheet may be used to create the RSS feeds complete with MODS records. As an example of the added functionality these MODS/RSS feeds can offer, records from a MODS-enriched RSS feed can be ingested into a non-RSS application such as Zotero. As more emerging library technologies use Web services architectures to handle data objects, the ability to syndicate catalog records will become more critical to providing innovative library Web services.     

Selling Women on PDAs from “Simply Palm” to “Audrey”: How Moore's Law Met Parkinson's Law in the Kitchen

This essay investigates key moments in the history of personal digital assistant (PDA) marketing to women. Analyzing promotional texts for three PDAs that received considerable press coverage from 1999 to 2001, this essay explores the cultural significance of the convergence of anxieties about women's place in the gendered division of labor with the computer industry's changing marketing imperatives. Drawing on an array of promotional texts, including news articles, press releases, promotional Web sites, and ads appearing in newspapers and magazines, this paper tells the story of how the computer industry aimed to sell smaller, faster computing devices to women while promising to mediate and thus reproduce women's overwork as paid and familial laborers. After experimenting with the PDA as a sexy fashionable gadget for working women, marketers approached women as mothers with “Audrey,” an Internet appliance designed for the kitchen.     

Communicating With Bank Stakeholders During Recession: Why It's Important,Who Is Doing It,and How to Stay in the Loop

This study explores the attitudes and actions of bank managers toward communication spending during recession. Results of this study indicate that organizational leaders cut communication spending early during recession and also erroneously rely on the bank's financials to mitigate irrational customer withdrawals. This research is used to illustrate the need for public librarians to meet the needs of bank stakeholders when their institution ceases to communicate during crises, for academic librarians to educate students in undergraduate and graduate programs regarding heightened information needs during recession, and for corporate librarians to understand a potential avenue for competitive advantage during recession.