论教学相长范畴的变迁及其当代价值

教学相长作为《学记》中的教育范畴,对学与教之间相互关系的阐释最为经典,是“为己之学”在教育经典文本中的生动再现。以郑玄—孔颖达为代表的注疏之学和以荆公新学—陈澔为代表的义理之学,体现了以学为核心的教育话语体系下,教学相长范畴研究的儒学话语变迁。以《学记笺证》《学记研究》《〈礼记〉新读》为代表的学术专著,呈现了以教为核心的话语体系下,教学相长范畴研究的学科术语变迁。教育学类教材和论文主要从教学原则和教师成长规律两个方面来展开教学相长范畴研究。教学相长范畴中“为己之学”的为学旨趣、“弟子不必不如师”的师道观念和“好学”的师德修养,正是教学过程中形成良好师生关系的内在保障。教学相长范畴的当代价值就在于此。     

高职院校专业课程与思政课程协同育人的路径

在高职教育中,专业课是课程思政的基本载体。为推进高职院校专业课程与思政课程协同育人,要以教师队伍为“主力军”、以课程建设为“主战场”、以课堂教学为“主渠道”,形成协同效应。相应地,从打造“双导师”教师队伍、构建“双育人”课程体系、拓展“多渠道”课堂教学3个方面提出专业课程与思政课程协同育人的有效路径,对推进课程思政建设具有重要意义。     

“形象设计”课程思政教学改革的探索与实践

打造一批具有样板效应的课程思政示范课是当前高校教学改革的热点话题和重要举措。从课程思政教学改革的价值意蕴着手,探索化妆品经营与管理专业“形象设计”课程实施策略,不断总结课堂教学实践经验,建立起“专业课教师+思政课教师”的双主体教学模式。通过对教学方式、教学目标、教学内容和教学效果的问卷调查,双主体教学模式显示全方位育人的良好效果。     

Equal educational opportunity and declining teacher morale at black,white, and Hispanic high schools in a large urban school district

School desegregation plans and program efforts in bilingual education, special education, compensatory education, and others designed to promote equal educational opportunity for minorities are threatened with a teaching staff best described as being “burned out,” highly stressed, of low morale, having high absenteeism, and subject to physical abuse. This study examines the extremely low level of teacher morale at inner-city schools and finds major “ethical” stressors such as racial tension among faculty, falsifying of school records, and sexual harassment by school officials emerging as factors contributing to teacher exit and absenteeism. With the use of multivariate discriminant analysis procedures and a sample of 400 high school teachers at nine high schools (three black, three white, and three Hispanic in terms of predominant ethnicity), a set of stressors were derived which uniquely characterize teachers at predominantly black, white, and Hispanic high schools. An economic framework is also presented for understanding the nature of the teacher morale, exit, and absenteeism phenomena in urban schools.     

Stepping Off the Dance Floor for a View From the Balcony: Observations for Physical Education Teacher Education Programs in Interesting Times

Abstract

The theme of this article is adopted from the work of leadership experts Heifetz and Linsky, who described the need for organizational leaders to balance their time on the “dance floor” (managing tasks) with time viewing from the “balcony” (understanding the bigger picture). The physical education teacher education doctoral program faculty on many campuses would be well advised to periodically invest time distancing themselves from the daily rigors of research, teaching, and service to better understand the challenges and opportunities confronting their programs. Furthermore, faculty must be willing to critique their program and its strategic direction, eliminate ineffective practices that consume limited resources, and retain what is most important. The purpose of this article is to provide collective observations “from the balcony” for faculty working in physical education teacher education doctoral programs as a catalyst for discussion.     

Kallinikos: A Dialogue Set in the 20th Century

This dialogue assumes that Socrates has reappeared in the 20th century (through a wrinkle in time) and is actively engaged in a discussion with two Greek graduate students in physical education. The coach, Kallinikos (whose name means “glorious victor” in Greek), sheds light on the views on our society toward sport and the importance of winning. Cassandra (named for a prophet in the Trojan War whose prophecies were ignored) is a physical education teacher who aids Socrates in his quest for understanding how the field of “gymnastics” has changed in the past 2,400 years. Within the dialogue, discussion centers around the similarities and differences between coaching as a profession and teaching physical education. Some of the issues encountered include a definition of physical education, the domains involved in coaching and teaching, outcomes of teaching and coaching, the value of sport in society, activity as a form of expression, and a definition of the physically educated student.     

任务驱动型教学法对高职英语教学的影响

任务驱动型教学法是一种新型的教育模式,是一种将学生主动学习和教师布置任务两者综合起来的新型教学方法。让学生在完成教师布置“任务”的同时,培养了自己发现问题、分析问题和解决问题的能力。体现了语言教学的真正精髓,“学”重于“教”,“练”多于“学”,以培养学生自学、探究、创新、组织表达能力为主要目标。     

What We Learned about Using Metaphors in College Teaching: Methods and Meanings

The field of education is rich with metaphors that reveal one's perspective on the nature of teaching and learning—ideas are “covered,” students “absorb” information, teachers offer writing “clinics.” Each of these metaphors indicate nuanced ideas about what schooling is and is for—to be checked off? Taken in unquestioningly? For those who are sick? Two teacher educators in the field of early childhood education share insights from their own experiences in considering novice teachers' metaphors in their preparatory experiences, particularly wondering what these unveil about heretofore unanalyzed beliefs and what instructors can learn so as to form further instruction. Methods are shared and reflection led educators to find important instructional and relationship-building implications for working with novice teachers.     

Age and intergroup differences in attitudes toward the teaching profession: How do teachers and students view themselves and each other?

Differences in attitudes toward the profession were determined among samples of teachers varying in CA and between teachers and students enrolled in teacher education programs. The students rated items reflecting “altruistic” and “pragmatic” needs met by teaching in terms of their importance in selecting teaching as a career and in terms of the way they perceived experienced teachers would rate them. The teachers rated the items in terms of their importance in their present teaching career and as they thought current students would rate them. The results indicated the absence of age differences in attitudes among the teacher samples. However both objective (self) and perceived intergroup differences in attitudes were found between the student and teacher samples. These results provide strong support for Neugarten's hypothesis that differences in the behavior and attitudes of adults reflect changes in social states rather than developmental differences and that the hypothesis can be generalized both to self and perceived intergroup differences in attitudes.     

A beginning teacher's search for meaning: Teacher socialization,organizational literacy,and empowerment

Drawing on the findings from an ethnographic case study, this paper seeks to examine the socialization of a “potentially empowered” beginning teacher as a means for better understanding the socialization process and the implications for teacher education more generally. Toward this end, the discussion focuses on how the “images” this teacher brought to her first year of teaching influenced her ability to make sense of the organizational context in which she found herself. Based on this, it is suggested that some form of organizational literacy be integrated into the curriculum of teacher education programs as one means for empowering teachers.     

构建“双元结构教师小组”的国家支持政策研究

构建"双元结构教师小组"教师模式,得到国家职业教育政策的强有力支持。《国家职业教育改革实施方案》提出多措并举打造"双师型"教师队伍,给出重要的政策信号:探索组建高水平、结构化教师教学创新团队,教师分工协作进行模块化教学。教育部印发《全国职业院校教师教学创新团队建设方案》,评选认定了首批国家级职业教育教师教学创新团队。教育部等4部门印发的《深化新时代职业教育"双师型"教师队伍建设改革实施方案》提出了"‘双师型’教学团队"的概念和建设的具体举措。这些政策的出台,为职业院校"双元结构教师小组"构建的理论研究与实践探索提供了重要的政策支持。     

Toward a Critical Hermeneutical Approach in Human Rights Education: Transformative Possibilities and the Challenges of Implementation

The present paper examines the implementation of a particular human rights education approach—known as “critical hermeneutical” approach—in the context of two Greek-Cypriot classrooms. The study investigates whether and how an intervention grounded in this approach offers transformative possibilities to students and what kind of challenges it may pose for teachers who implement it. The implications for teacher training and teacher education are discussed.     

The politics of naming: critiquing “learner-centred” and “teacher as facilitator” in English language and humanities classrooms

“Learner-centred” and “teacher as facilitator,” among the most influential concepts (re)shaping education over the past decades, are often represented as bringing democratic participation, equality, and empowerment to learners and helping transform and liberate societies. At the same time, these concepts are constructed in binary terms with “teacher-centred” and “teacher as authority” projecting the two ends as being mutually exclusive. Drawing on data collected through interviews and scholarly works from teachers teaching Humanities and Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) in Asian and English-speaking Western universities, this article examines their positionings, mode, and form of critique/criticality of learner-centred education. It demonstrates in what ways equality as the starting point (Ranciere) is not embedded in how learner-centred education has largely been promoted in these contexts. As well, while Ranciere’s concepts of equality and dissensus may empower those seen as marginalised and disadvantaged, these concepts fail to acknowledge the multiplicities and dynamics of positions of those presupposed to be “powerful” and “privileged.”     

Imagined Community,Identity, and Teaching Chinese as a Second Language to Foreign Students in China

Teaching and learning a language are influenced by an imagined community involving interaction among members in possible worlds. From an empirical standpoint, relatively little is known about how Chinese language lecturers see their possible memberships to the communities wherein students from different countries participate, or how this perception affects their teaching practice and innovative pedagogies. In order to address this gap, this study explores the teaching lives of four lecturers who teach Chinese as a second language (CSL) to foreign students in China. Drawing upon a three-year longitudinal study of interview data triangulated with journal entries and classroom observation, the findings reveal that lecturers’ imagined identities may transform into practical identities due to the idea of treating foreign students as legitimate foreigners but illegitimate Chinese language users, and the intensified pressures and insecurities of being a part-time lecturer. However, the combined efforts of lecturers’ perseverance, knowledge and competence, institutional support, available educational resources, and positive evolution of identity may prevent lecturers’ imagined communities from collapsing, and possibly facilitate a shift in identification from “struggling teacher” to “determined teacher.” Relevant implications for teaching Chinese and teacher education are discussed.     

我国教师资格制度改革的时代创新与发展趋向 ——专访中国教育国际交流协会会长、教育部原副部长刘利民

从20世纪80年代中期开始,我国具有当代意义的教师资格制度开始萌芽,90年代中期初步建立,进入新世纪开始实质性运行与发展,今天的教师资格制度已成为我国教师教育制度创新的重要标志。我国教师资格制度发展的历程虽短暂,但却呈现出不断改革创新的时代特征,为建设高素质专业化创新型的教师队伍提供基础保障。回顾我国教师资格制度的改革历程,需要理性地认识和看待出现的一些主要问题,如学历标准要求低、考育分离、师范生参加“国考”等,也要理性把握师范类专业认证对教师资格制度改革的意义。进入新时代,我国教师资格制度借助师范生免试认定教师资格的改革,迎来了深化发展的新契机,也开启了探索具有中国特色教师资格制度和教师教育体系的新征程。实现师范生“教育专业性”和“学科专业性”的双提高,高度重视教师教育的实践性,对教师资格进行细致地分类分级,探索教师资格认证机构的多样化与专业化,以及加强教师资格制度改革中信息技术和人工智能的应用等成为我国教师资格制度发展的新趋向。     

The effect of primary education teachers on the formation of pupil citizenship

Decreasing levels of civic participation and political engagement are generating an interest in citizenship and citizenship education. New forms of citizenship education which go beyond traditional instruction on political institutions are being sought, such as “democratic citizenship education”, “education of, for and through democracy” and “teaching democracy”. One area which has been little investigated is primary school teachers and citizenship education. This article reports on questionnaire‐based research among Slovak teachers that shows great variety in the focus of citizenship education. Teachers emphasised national pride as well as multicultural, global, regional and human rights aspects and the common good of an entity. The connections between teacher focus on citizenship education, the curricular framework, models of citizenship education and generational differences are all discussed.     

唯有确立“教师为要”方能落实“学生为本”——对我国大学教学理念嬗变的再思考

一百年前陶行知在南高师力主将“教授法”更名为“教学法”,看似一字之变,却彰显了教育哲学的天差地别。他的“教学合一”和“以学生为中心”思想,既脱胎于杜威的“儿童是太阳”和“新三中心论”,同时,也凸显了他对教育,特别是对大学教育问题与症结的深刻认识和犀利分析。时至今日,人们重温历史,仍然为其前卫、明晰的理念和深入浅出的阐释所深深折服。需要反思的是,对教育、教学本质内涵及要素互动的理解,是否仍有拓展的空间?对“教”与“学”角色互动和影响交互的认识,是否仍有深化可能?鉴于“以学生为中心”的提法易生歧义,“学生为本”更准确科学;而“学生为本”离不开“教师为要”;只有坚持“教师为要”,方能真正落实“学生为本”。笔者郑重建议:将“学生为本”与“教师为要”并提,作为现代大学办学的基本原则,它们如同鸟之两翼、车之两轮,互为犄角、互为表里,不可或缺也不可偏废!     

浅析师范高校在教师教育中的优势——以天津师范大学为例

随着社会的发展,“教师教育”取代“师范教育”是历史的必然。在开放型的培养体制下以及在培养专业化教师的过程中,师范高校自身有着诸多优势,如：全新的教师教育理念和培养方式;学科与教育相结合的新型课程体系;师范教育时期建立的教育实习、实践合作基地;独特的教师教育职后培训资源等。凭借优势,师范高校应成为推动我国教师教育改革的核心力量。