论中国高等教育的发展及其对中国国家和地区发展的贡献分析

20世纪90年代后期以来,中国迅速跻身为世界经济发展最快的国家之一,与此同时,中国的高等教育也被推到了国家和地区发展的最前沿。本篇论文就这一背景下中国高等教育传统与现代性的交互作用进行了分析和研究。     

APPLYING BAKHTIN SCHOLARSHIP ON DISCOURSE IN EDUCATION: A CRITICAL REVIEW ESSAY

A bstract .  Recently, Bakhtinian philologists have charged scholars of education with misapplying Bakhtin's scholarship in their field. In this critical essay, Eugene Matusov reviews two recent edited collections relevant to this issue: Arnetha F. Ball and Sarah Warshauer Freedman's Bakhtinian Perspectives on Language, Literacy, and Learning and Bonny Norton and Kelleen Toohey's Critical Pedagogies and Language Learning . He uses these texts to consider whether Bakhtin has been misapplied in education, how and whether Bakhtin's literary scholarship can be useful for education, and how education can inform Bakhtinian scholarship. Matusov shows that the philologists' critique of educational scholars is grounded but unjustifiably all-encompassing. Finally, he problematizes whether Bakhtin's notions of dialogism and internally persuasive discourse are compatible with institutionalized education.     

教育中的民主概念:一种批判性考察

促进教育的民主化被看做是现代教育变革的一项重要任务。教育民主化包涵着非常丰富的内容,既包括教育机会的扩大和均等,也包括教育组织、活动和关系本身的民主化。在教育民主化理念的支配下,民主成为适用于并支配学校事务的一项基本价值原则。然而,人们仔细审视民主概念在教育场域中的应用情况,也发现存在不少值得严肃讨论的具体问题。这些具体问题指向一个更为基本的问题:学校是一个可以被民主化的场所吗?本文提出,由于学校组织的教育性特征,诞生于政治领域中的民主原则并不能完全无条件地适用于教育场域;在教育事务的处理上,民主原则的应用应该考虑与教育性原则以及传统、权威、道德、自主性等诸多影响因素相协调,从而建构更为良好的教育关系或教育秩序,防止现代社会以一种单一的民主逻辑来改造学校,防止现代教育陷入民主的迷思。这可以看做是对我国教育学界一直以来所倡导的教育民主化理论的一个补充或修正。     

CRITICAL GERONTOLOGY AND EDUCATION FOR OLDER ADULTS

Complementary meanings of educational gerontology are considered to introduce a discussion of the role of “critical gerontology” as a theoretical stance in education for older adults. The sources of critical gerontology are traced to the movement toward interpretive social science in the past decade and to the interdisciplinary dynamics of gerontology as an emerging field of inquiry and practice. Examples of the intentions and uses of critical gerontology and its meaning for education are offered in accounts of the history of the social construction and of wisdom and religion in the postmodern life course.     

A CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF THE STATE OF EVALUATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION IN CANADA

This paper reviews some of the major recent developments in evaluation in Canadian universities and colleges, and identifies the factors which contribute to the success of these procedures. Programme evaluation, criteria of excellence, and evaluation of student learning are each considered in turn and the major issues discussed. The problems involved are clearly delineated and inevitably complex, particularly as they involve the twin questions of accountability and autonomy, but evaluation procedures are necessary in all three areas if rational decision‐making is to be typical of higher education.     

HAVING FAITH IN OUR FAITH IN GOD: TOWARD A CRITICAL REALIST EPISTEMOLOGY FOR CHRISTIAN EDUCATION

The postmodern era poses significant challenges to Christian faith in God. For many, a subterranean question lies just beneath their tenuous faith: "Is there an objective reality upon which faith in God is based?" This essay argues that, in addition to other important factors, a dominant worldview or epistemology within postmodern culture conceals the multidimensional nature of reality and discredits religious faith. Critical realism is introduced as an epistemological framework of both science and theology in which Christian faith makes sense. Significant implications are drawn for teaching and learning and pastoral ministry in Christian congregations.     

认真对待"轻视知识"的教育思潮--再评由"应试教育"向素质教育转轨提法的讨论

由“应试教育”向素质教育转轨提法的流行 ,反映了一股“轻视知识”的教育思潮 ,干扰教育、课程改革 ,必须坚决克服。它有复杂的社会、思想根源和片面道理 ,要认真对待。它未能全面把握个人发展的社会机制和认识机制 ,对教育改革误解。我们必须赋予素质教育以全面发展教育的科学内涵 ,加强教育理论建设 ,倡导多样综合原则     

LINKING MARXISM, GLOBALIZATION, AND CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION: TOWARD A COMPARATIVE AND CRITICAL PEDAGOGY POST 9/11

Abstract In a post‐9/11 world, where the politics of “us” versus “them” has reemerged under the umbrella of “terrorism,” especially in the United States, can we still envision an éducation sans frontières: a globalized and critical praxis of citizenship education in which there are no borders? If it is possible to conceive it, what might it look like? In this review essay, Awad Ibrahim looks at how these multilayered and complex questions have been addressed in three books: Peter McLaren and Ramin Farahmandpur’s Teaching Against Global Capitalism and the New Imperialism, Nel Noddings’s Educating Citizens for Global Awareness, and Gita Steiner‐Khamsi’s The Global Politics of Educational Borrowing and Lending. Ibrahim concludes that, through creating a liminal, dialogical space between humanism, environmentalism, materialism, philosophy, and comparative education, the authors in these books offer a critical pedagogy in which éducation sans frontières is possible — a project that is as visionary as it is hopeful.     

中国高等教育政策制定的宏观图景-基于1979~1998年高等教育政策文本的定量分析

本文围绕高等教育政策文本中的权威、政策文本的数量、文本特别说明、政策主题等变量对改革开放二十年国家高等教育政策的发展进行了系统的定量分析,并归纳总结了我国高等教育政策制定的特点。高等教育政策制定在制定结构上,具有多权威控制和政策依赖的特点;在制定方式上体现了强调"试点"和"稳定"的政治文化;在政策发展上,形成了高等教育政策相对独立的地位。     

高等教育系统的能级函数分析法——以中国高等教育为案例

伯顿·克拉克在其经典之作《高等教育系统的组织与治理》中构建了三种理想的高等教育体制——国家体制、市场体制和学术体制,提出了著名的三角形定性分析法:一个国家的高等教育体制取决于以上三种理想体制调和的结果,因此,不同国家的高等教育体制在三角形中处于不同的位置。但是,克拉克三角形中关于各国高等教育体制的位置分布完全是基于定性分析;本文作者在定性研究和定量研究相结合的基础上,以中国高等教育体制为案例,构建了"能级函数"概念来描述政府力量、市场力量和学术力量对高等教育系统的作用,并构建了"三角形能级函数模型"来直观地描述三力综合作用的结果,从三个方面发展了克拉克的三角形定性分析法:第一,在克拉克三角形中导入了定量元素来分析国家高等教育体制在三角形中的位置;第二,在克拉克三角形中增加了一个新的国家系统——中国高等教育系统,一个在近二十年中经历了巨大变化的国家高等教育系统;第三,用三角形分析法分析国家系统构成元素——子系统的位置。