网络学习情境中社会临场感研究回溯

社会临场感是临场感理论创建的最初概念,由此演化成了传播学理论的一个重要研究分支。本文以网络学习情境作为研究视角描述了社会临场感的概念、学习者感知社会临场感的理论解释,以及社会临场感对网络学习产生的作用,并就社会临场感研究中容易引发争鸣的问题进行了简评。     

虚拟学习社区中社会临场感研究初探

虚拟学习社区是当前网上教研中的一个热点问题.为了对其作更深入的研究,本文以中华会计网校"注册会计师考试辅导综合讨论区"为研究对象,通过内容分析法对其中2007年9月至2008年9月间网络学员的发帖进行了分析.研究发现:在该学习论坛中,学员间形成了较强的社会临场感和良好的网络人际关系,它们在激发学员的学习动机、减轻学习压力以及缓解学习孤独感中具有重要作用.随后,笔者利用问卷对该虚拟学习社区的学员进行了调查,发现:学员的工龄、网上学龄与社会临场感之间有不同程度的联系.     

幼儿园教师"当众点评"行为的研究

教师当众点评幼儿是指教师在其他幼儿在场的情况下对当事幼儿的行为进行或肯定或否定的评价.教师当众点评幼儿的主要目的是为了维护班级的一般行为规范和具体活动规则.教师在当众点评幼儿时主要使用肯定性语言,使用的具体策略有被点评者与受影响者同一、被点评者与受影响者分化两种.教师当众点评幼儿可以有效规范幼儿的行为,保证游戏的顺利进行,维持班级正常活动秩序,但也存在一定的消极影响,因此教师应慎重选择当众点评幼儿的方式,以促进幼儿健康发展.     

Exploring the Roles of Social Presence and Gender Difference in Online Learning

Online learning has become more popular in higher education with its advantages of flexibility and accessibility. However, there have been challenges to students’ learning experience in online learning. One critical challenge would be providing interactions between students and instructors as good or effective as in the face‐to‐face environment. However, providing face‐to‐face interactions in online learning is not feasible because students and instructors are not physically present together. In this study, we introduce and empirically investigate social presence as student learning experience in online learning in which physical presence does not exist. Drawing upon the social presence and online learning literature, we propose a research model to explore how the interactivity of communication tools can drive social presence and student satisfaction in online learning. Furthermore, this study examines gender difference as a moderator in the model. Data were collected from undergraduate students who were taking online business statistics courses where an interactive communication tool was required to use for class communication and collaboration. The results showed that social presence driven by tool interactivity had a significant impact on student satisfaction in online learning. We also found that gender difference moderated the relationship between tool interactivity and social presence in online learning.     

存在理论与blog虚拟学习社区的构建

信息社会人们的学习方式发生了巨大变化。本文从日益受关注的虚拟学习社区入手,以三种存在理论为基础分析了blog虚拟学习社区中的存在,并在此基础上逐渐勾画出blog虚拟学习社区模式图,最后阐述了blog虚拟学习社区的构建过程和其中存在的问题。     

学习样本存在分类错误时的决策判据分析

在模式识别理论中,如果分类学习样本给定,随机观测序列的条件分布概率密度已知,那么该序列的分类问题可利用学习判据解决这一判据是在假设学习样本分类没有偏差的情况下,用极大似然估计参数替代贝叶斯定理中的真值进行的。讨论了学习样本的分类可靠性难以确信时的模式识别问题,研究了利用条件密度极大似然估计进行贝叶斯风险决策时,学习样本分类错误对它的影响,以及在此情况下的判据稳定性问题。     

在线协作学习过程中社会临场感的社会网络分析

已有的研究和实践证明,社会临场感有助于降低学习者在线学习过程中的孤独感、提升学习满意度和促进虚拟学习社区的建立。社会临场感与交互的关系十分密切,以往研究者主要借助内容分析方法或调查问卷来分析两者之间的关系,注重测量个体的意见和主观的感知,但无法反映社会临场感随时间发展变化的动态特征。社会网络分析(SNA)的中心度、密度、中心势、派系等参数能够较为合理地表征在线协作学习中师生的交互过程特征,为研究这一问题提供了新的思路。通过对一门网络课程实施期初、期中和期末三个阶段师生在线论坛中的交互过程与行为进行定量和可视化的社会网络分析,结果显示:学习者在不同学习阶段的社会临场感存在显著差异,交互和社会临场感之间具有十分紧密的联系,个体的社会临场感会随时间的发展而变化。社会网络分析有助于理解在线学习环境中社会临场感的形成和发展变化,有助于教师改进教学,提升网络教学的质量。     

Transactional Presence as a Critical Predictor of Success in Distance Learning

This paper argues that, apart from interactive activities, the perceptions of psychological presence that distance education students hold of their teachers, peer students, and the institution can be significant predictors of their learning. The "perception of presence" in this paper is defined as the degree to which a distance education student senses the availability of, and connectedness with, each party. This form of presence is designated here as "Transactional Presence" (TP). In this study, distance education student learning was assessed in the light of students' perceived learning achievement, satisfaction, and intent-to-persist. An analysis of student survey data indicates that a distance student's sense of institutional TP predicts all the selected measures to do with success in distance learning. While a sense of peer student TP is significantly related to satisfaction and intent-to-persist, the effect of teacher TP is found to relate only to student-perceived learning achievement. Implications of the TP construct are discussed with respect to the theory, research, and practice of distance education, along with recommendations for future research.     

取长补短共图发展

此文对业内企业之间面对教育装备市场的现状提出了联合拓展的理念,主要思想是扬长避短,互通有无,互为便利,以资源的虚拟整合为起点,逐步达到“联合共创”,做强做大之目的。     

对学习内容与情境的再思考

立足予以教师的教和以学生的学为中心的两种教育理论相互整合的思想，将学习内容和情境进行深入论述，界定教学内容与教材等概念，提出第一、第二情境及教学内、外环境等新术语。旨为教育与学习在教与学的实成活动中能清楚的把握，取得较优的学习效果．     

Other Ways to Wisdom: Learning Through the Senses Across Cultures

Most of us in the Western world are accustomed to learning about the world primarily through our senses of sight and hearing. Despite a few interesting experiments in the education of the "lower" senses, smell, taste and touch have not been accorded a place in mainstream Western education. These senses tend to be associated either with "savagery" or sensualism. When we look across cultures, however, a different sensory picture emerges, in which each of the senses has a vital role to play in the acquisition of knowledge of the world. The example is taken of the Desana people of the Colombian rainforest. For the Desana the sound of every bird call, the colour and scent of every flower, the taste of every fruit is imbued with a message about the social and cosmic order. The Desana remind us in the modern West that knowledge does not just come from books and computers, it comes from the full-bodied experience and interpretation of our environment.     

Other Ways to Wisdom: Learning Through the Senses Across Cultures

Most of us in the Western world are accustomed to learning about the world primarily through our senses of sight and hearing. Despite a few interesting experiments in the education of the "lower" senses, smell, taste and touch have not been accorded a place in mainstream Western education. These senses tend to be associated either with "savagery" or sensualism. When we look across cultures, however, a different sensory picture emerges, in which each of the senses has a vital role to play in the acquisition of knowledge of the world. The example is taken of the Desana people of the Colombian rainforest. For the Desana the sound of every bird call, the colour and scent of every flower, the taste of every fruit is imbued with a message about the social and cosmic order. The Desana remind us in the modern West that knowledge does not just come from books and computers, it comes from the full-bodied experience and interpretation of our environment.     

研究性学习的本质、原则及其影响因素

研究性学习是学生在教师的指导下，以问题或课题为内容，以研究为手段主动地分析问题、众决问题，创造性地获取知识和经验的学习活动。研究性学习从动态的教学活动层面上看是一种学习方式，从静态的教学内容层面上看它是一门课程；研究性学习要遵循主体性原则、问题性原则、开放性原则和创造性原则；我国的人才培养方式、缺乏研究型师资的现状、落后的教学条件和教学质量的评价标准是制约研究性学习的主要因素。     

Social Presence and Implications for Designing Online Learning Communities

With the rapid global proliferation of the Internet and telecommunication networks , online education , one form of distance education is currently becoming the fastest growing trend of domestic and international education. A major challenge to designing online learning is the development of appropriate means to facilitate the social environment that is critical for higher order learning in many disciplines. In many online learning designs, the majority of resources are channeled to web interface design and technology, while little or no resources are devoted to facilitating the teaching and learning process, the negotiation of meaning and the validation of knowledge among peers and instructors that depends on a conducive socio-cultural environment and adequate learner support.     

在线学习中的多媒体、社会存在和社区(英文)

在在线学习环境中,社区感、社会存在感是影响学生成功和满意度的重要因素。在线学习领域的研究者和实践者越来越关注多媒体工具、富媒体教学方法对在线课堂中社区感、社会存在感的积极影响的有效性。此外,随着在线学习环境越来越多媒体化,计算机媒介学习环境的内在社会障碍可能会越来越少。因此,本文首先调研了相关的理论框架和概念,包括社会存在理论、计算机媒介交流环境中的社区;然后探讨了特定的多媒体方法对于社区建构、社会存在的有效性。     

Community,Self and the Other: Learning Processes in Norwegian Folk High Schools

The Norwegian folk high schools have a legally defined role in the national educational system as a value-based pedagogical alternative without grades, exams or pre-defined curriculums. The roots of the schools can be traced to the theologian N.F.S. Grundtvig and his ideals of a learning that develops not just the mind but the whole student. The empirical study of this article seeks to explore the learning processes of contemporary Norwegian folk high schools. A theoretical development of Etienne Wenger’s social learning theory is applied to analyze 60 student texts. The article describes 3 overarching themes of learning: community as a context where self is developed through identity work and the other is the focus.     

具身视角下临场感对在线学习有效性的影响

具身理论强调身体参与教与学的重要性,有利于克服在线学习的局限性,为提升在线学习有效性提供新思路。将具身认知、具身教学、具身学习、社会具身、情感具身理念融入在线教育的教与学过程中,探讨教学临场感、社会临场感、情感临场感、学习临场感、认知临场感对在线学习有效性的影响,从“身体主体”“身体体验”“身体关怀”“身体参与”“身体思维”等五个维度寻求提升在线学习有效性的路径,为在线课程教学提供参考。     

国外学习障碍儿童的非标签化教育取向

本文从标签理论出发,提出了非标签化的教育取向,从诊断和安置两个环节介绍了国外学习障碍儿童非标签化教育的实施现状,总结了非标签化教育的实施过程中的有关争论,并结合我国的学习障碍儿童教育实践进行了讨论。