DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A MODEL OF PROBLEM SOLVING FOR EGYPTIAN SCIENCE CLASSES

Educators and policymakers envision the future of education in Egypt as enabling learners to acquire scientific inquiry and problem-solving skills. In this article, we describe the validation of a model for problem solving and the design of instruments for evaluating new teaching methods in Egyptian science classes. The instruments were based on an established model for problem solving and were designed to assess seventh grade students’ problem solving, experimental strategy knowledge, achievement and motivation towards science. The test for assessing students’ knowledge has been developed based on the topic, density and buoyancy which will be taught in seventh grade in a later intervention study. The instruments were partly self-developed and partly adapted from newly performed studies on strategy knowledge and problem solving in Germany. All instruments were translated into Arabic; the translation process and quality control are described. In order to determine the quality of the instruments, 44 students in Egypt completed the questionnaires and tests. The study’s aim to develop and validate the instruments did require an ad hoc and typical sample which was drawn from an accessible population. Accordingly, the characteristics of the sample are described. Data were analysed according to the classical test theory, but to underpin the results, the instruments were additionally analysed using the even stronger Rasch model. The findings demonstrated the reliability of the items and aspects of validity. In addition, this study showed how test items can be successfully developed and adapted in an international study and applied in a different language.     

格群根式类的映射刻画

证明了所有的格群根式类都由相应的根式映射唯一确定．利用根式映射的特征性质,我们可以得到格群根式类的某些有趣而重要的性质,并能给出某些已知定理的简单证明．     

一曲梦想爱的孤独之歌——《人鼠之间》主题试析

从美国经济大萧条时期的社会大背景出发 ,对斯坦贝克的《人鼠之间》进行主题分析 ,指出小说通过描写几位农业季节工人对梦想的追求、梦想的破灭以及自身的毁灭 ,表现了作者对社会现实的强烈不满和对下层劳动人民的深切同情和理解 ,着力渲染了人的内心孤独、需要爱和友情的主题     

GENDER DIFFERENCES IN MATHEMATICAL ACHIEVEMENT RELATED TO THE RATIO OF GIRLS TO BOYS IN SCHOOL CLASSES

The relationship between mathematical achievement and the ratio of boys to girls in school classes was investigated in a sample of third-grade Norwegian elementary school students (440 girls and 480 boys). Belonging to classes with a numerical majority of boys or girls did not affect the achievement of either of the sexes. The results from the study do not support the single-sexing of mathematics teaching.     

几类积图的平均距离计算公式

本文给出了由路和圈以及完全图构成的积图的平均距离的计算公式或计算方法,推广了现有的一些计算结果。     

REPORT OF THE INVESTIGATION OF CURRICULUM AND VOLUNTARY BIBLE STUDY IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

This article reviews the challenges provided by a plural condition toward doing religious education in the Philippines. The problem of Philippine religious education hinges on the fact that the growing plural condition in the educational system remains until now “un-discussed” or integrated in many schools. Not much is heard about proposing a platform of dialogue within religious education. Dialogue is more often associated with inter-faith initiatives beyond the learning environment. If religious education should be an instrument in the formation of the right Christian attitudes among the young, dialogue must be an urgent Christian agenda in Philippine religious education.     

几类卡氏积图的控制数

主要给出了卡氏积图Km×Kn,Sm×Sn,Sm×Cn,Sm×Pn的控制数,其中km为m阶完全图,Cn是n圈,Pn是长度为n－1的路,Sm是星图.主要结果如下;γ（Km×Kn）=min{m,n};γ（Sm×Sn）=min{m＋1,n＋1}nγy（Sm×Cn）=n（m≥4）;γ（Sm×Pn）=n（m≥4）.     

盲童家庭教育的调查与对策

对盲童来说,良好的家庭教育是其健康成长的重要环节,家长同学校教师共同担负着教育康复的重任。本文举征和分析了盲童学生和健全学生家庭状况的差异及因此造成的不良倾向,提出了在努力提高学校教育质量的同时,积极促进家长形成和树立正确的教育盲童的观念,掌握正确教育方法     

几类规划问题最优解不存在的条件

本文给出了几类线性约束条件下的非线性规划问题最优解不存在的条件,并把此结论推广到了非线性约束条件下的目标函数为线性的规划问题。