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1.
Three common assumptions concerning bilingual children’s language proficiency are: (1) their proficiency in two languages
is usually unbalanced; (2) low socioeconomic status (SES) indicates low proficiency in both languages; and (3) encouraging
parents to speak some societal language at home will promote its development. Examining the vocabulary scores of 282 bilingual
Singaporean kindergartners (167 Chinese, 70 Malay, and 45 Tamil), the current study found that these young children were evenly
divided among four language profiles: strong in ethnic language (Chinese, Malay or Tamil) or English, strong in both languages,
or weak in both. Children with high proficiency in both languages were proportionally represented in the low, middle and high
SES groups, demonstrating the achievability of strong vocabulary in two languages for children of different SES. However,
low SES children were most at risk for low proficiency in both languages, although many achieved high proficiency in ethnic
language or both. Middle and high SES children were most likely to demonstrate low ethnic language with high English proficiency.
Children mostly exposed to one language from different sources generally showed strength in that language. Children exposed
to both languages at home were most likely to show low proficiency in both languages, although plenty of children exposed
to both languages developed high proficiency in English or both. These results affirm previous findings that SES and home
language exposure influence bilingual children’s proficiency. Implications include the importance of teachers assessing bilingual
children’s proficiency in both languages and collaborating with parents to develop bilingual children’s vocabulary. 相似文献
2.
Ana Schaller Lisa Oglesby Rocha David Barshinger 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2007,34(5):351-356
A study of Mexican immigrant mothers of young children in the AVANCE-Dallas early childhood intervention program demonstrates
that low-educational parents often exhibit ambitious attitudes about educational achievement for their children. Though they
lack an extensive academic background, which places their children at risk for low education, their positive attitude manifested
in daily pro-educational behaviors overcomes their low education level because they both motivate their children to pursue
academic success and participate in their children’s learning. The best way to capitalize on immigrant parents’ educational
drive for their children is to partner with them—either through an intervention program or through early childhood educators’
interaction with parents—by showing them how their participation in their children’s learning through concrete activities
(such as regular mother–child conversation, daily reading, and playtime activities that teach developmental skills) may increase
their chances of achieving academic success. 相似文献
3.
The question posed in the current study is whether software alone is a sufficient tool for supporting young children’s emergent
writing. We researched the effect of reading an electronic book (e-book) on kindergarten children’s emergent word writing
with and without adult support. Ninety-six 5 to 6 years old children from low socioeconomic status (SES) families were randomly
assigned to one of three groups (32 children each): (1) independently reading the e-book; (2) reading the e-book with adult
support; (3) receiving the regular kindergarten program (control). Each intervention group received four e-book reading sessions.
The children’s emergent literacy was assessed before and after the intervention and included letter-name recognition, phonological
awareness and emergent word writing. Reading the e-book with adult assistance supported the children’s phonological awareness
and emergent word writing more significantly than reading the e-book without support and more than the control group. Reading
the e-book without adult support did not differ from the control group. Furthermore, the children’s initial emergent literacy
level and reading the ebook with adult assistance contributed the most to the children’s emergent word writing. Educational
implications are discussed. 相似文献
4.
Jinhee Kim 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2011,39(2):133-141
This study examines what a Korean heritage language school means to Korean immigrant families and their children, considering
Korean immigrant mothers’ perspectives on American early schooling. As part of an ethnographic research project on Korean-American
children’s peer culture in a heritage school, seven mothers, two guardians (grandmothers), and their young children were observed
and interviewed during one academic year. The analysis showed that the heritage language school functions as a social and
emotional support system, a buffer for reducing the detachment from parents, and a safety net for the Korean-American children’s
challenging lives. The Korean immigrant mothers also showed that they felt burdened by different cultural views of their children’s
behaviors, and described how their children were often considered problematic. The social and culture barriers caused by their
immigrant status profoundly influenced their reasons for sending their children to a Korean heritage language school. This
study suggests that teachers’ deep understanding of culturally different perspectives on children’s behaviors, along with
systematic social and emotional support, can help these children attain psychological well-being. 相似文献
5.
This study investigated the effectiveness of assessing young children’s meta-cognition in different contexts (i.e., individual
learning (IL), peer assisted learning (PAL) and self-reports). Additionally, the contributions of declarative and procedural
meta-cognition in IL and PAL, TOM and language ability on children’s cognitive performance (recalling a series of pictures)
were examined. Sixty-four 4–5-year-old children (M = 5.14; SD = 0.72), randomly selected from two Israeli kindergartens, participated in the study. Children were first asked
in an individualized setting to recall a series of nine pictures; they were then asked (self-report) to tell the interviewer
how they tried to recall the pictures. Finally, they were asked to assist a peer in recalling the pictures in a PAL situation.
All the children’s verbal and non-verbal behaviors were coded and analyzed. In addition, the children’s language ability and
Theory of Mind (TOM) were assessed. The findings indicated significant differences between children’s declarative (self-report)
and procedural meta-cognitive behavior in IL and PAL. Procedural meta-cognition in PAL and TOM predicted cognitive performance
even when procedural meta-cognition in IL, declarative meta-cognition and language ability were controlled for. The findings
are discussed in light of recent research on meta-cognition in young children. 相似文献
6.
Fran C. Blumberg Kristen P. Bierwirth Allison J. Schwartz 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2008,36(2):101-104
A commonly accepted belief is that the violence depicted in television programs, particularly cartoons, has a negative impact
on young children’s behavior. However, young children may be less inclined to emulate violent actions seen on television than
currently thought. Research indicates that young children have limited comprehension of television content but relatively
sophisticated moral reasoning. Children’s understanding of the immorality of violence on television and the distinction between
reality and make-believe may mediate these effects, as may the comic aspect of cartoons they view. We review current research
concerning the effects of cartoon violence on children’s moral understanding and behavior to with the goal of helping early
childhood educators and parents make informed decisions about children’s television viewing. 相似文献
7.
This study investigated the relationship between children’s ability to regulate emotions and display of appropriate behavior
in social settings. A sample of 33 children representing a wide range of social economic status was randomly selected from
a Head Start Program and an Early Childhood Development Center in the Midwest. Data were collected using the Emotion Regulation
Checklist (ERC) developed by Shields and Cicchetti (Dev Psychol 33:906–916, 1997, J Clin child Psychol, 27:231–395, 1998). A “Behavior Recording” checklist was developed and used to record appropriate and inappropriate behavior observed during
children social interactions. Teacher ratings identified children as generally high emotion regulators. Girls had generally
higher scores than boys in emotion regulation ability. A high relationship (r = .76) was also found between emotion regulation and display of appropriate behavior. Results indicate the importance of
emotions in relation to a child’s well being and academic achievement. Additionally, these findings suggest a need for parents
and early childhood educators to teach children appropriate emotional behavior when confronted with situations that are in
conflict with societal norms. 相似文献
8.
This study examined families’ choices of children’s literature books for joint story reading. Teachers, parents, and their
children from five kindergarten classrooms participated in the study. Over a 4 months period, family members joined other
parents twice a week to learn and practice story reading techniques. They selected children’s literature books that were of
interest to both of them and their children and were developmentally appropriate. Family members were interviewed and responded
to a questionnaire before the intervention. The results provided insight in relation to the parents’ perceptions about literacy,
reading with families, and story reading. All members of the families read to their children frequently or daily and engaged
the children in conversations about the books read. The books chosen to be read to the children were categorized by genre,
with modern fiction being the most popular genre. 相似文献
9.
Parents of dyslexic children encounter many difficulties in understanding and accepting their children’s disability. This
affects the child’s self-image and the way s/he copes (Hallahan and Kauffman 1991; Einat 2003). The goal of this study was to develop VR immersive simulated states. The simulation was designed to help the parents of
dyslexic children experience the kind of errors their children make when reading. Two groups of parents of dyslexic children
participated in this experiment, an experimental group (N = 37), which experienced ten 3D worlds simulating different kinds of reading errors, and a control group (N = 30), that watched a movie describing and explaining similar errors. All the subjects were administered a cognitive questionnaire
(Shavit 2005) before and after the intervention. In addition, the participants in the experimental group were interviewed before and after
the intervention. The results indicate that experiencing a variety of simulated types of dyslexia with virtual reality can
bring about improvement in parents’ awareness of the dyslexic child’s cognitive experiences, and that this improvement is
significantly greater than that achieved by watching a film about dyslexia. 相似文献
10.
This research investigated the relation between children’s performance on two measures of receptive language and children’s
auditory discrimination of consonant-vowel sounds having frequency and temporal acoustic differences. The measures of fine-grained
auditory discrimination produced significant multiple regression coefficients against both receptive vocabulary (Peabody Picture
Vocabulary Test-Revised) and receptive language (Token Test for Children) scores. Validation analyses conducted by predicting
receptive vocabulary and language scores for a new sample of children and relating them to the actual scores led to significant
outcomes. It was concluded that fine-grained auditory discrimination is particularly important in the relatively early stages
of language learning.
The cooperation of the participating children, teachers, principals, and school district administrators is gratefully acknowledged.
This research was supported, in part, by a grant from NINCDS (NIH). 相似文献
11.
This paper describes an investigation of pupil and parent attitudes towards bullying, comparing attitudes with bullying behaviour.
747 parents and 326 children aged 6 to 11 from four primary schools completed the Parental Attitudes to Bullying Scale and
the Children’s Attitudes to Bullying Scale. Most were found to be largely sympathetic towards victims, supportive of intervention,
but less understanding towards bullies. There was little association between parental and children’s attitudes, nor did parent
attitudes predict children’s behaviour, although there was a link between the children’s attitudes and their behaviour. Mothers
were more sympathetic than fathers, but there were no sex differences among children. Children with more siblings were more
likely to bully others. 相似文献
12.
Engaging young children in literacy activities at home is one way for families to augment and enrich the home literacy setting
and to participate in their child’s education at an early age (St. Pierre et al. in Dev Psychol 41(6): 953–970, 2005). Burgess et al. (Read Res Quart 4(4): 408–426, 2002) suggested that the resources families have at their disposal, the quality of literacy role models provided by parents, and
the types of literacy and language activities in which parents and children engage, are all related to young children’s developing
literacy and language abilities. Other studies demonstrated that even modest literacy-promoting interventions can significantly
enhance a young child’s early literacy environment by increasing the frequency of parent–child book-sharing activities (Weitzman
et al. in Pediatrics 113(5):1248–1253, 2004). Dever (J Early Educ Fam Rev 8(4):17–28, 2001) and Dever and Burtis (Early Child Dev Care 172(4):359–370, 2002) emphasize the use of family literacy bags for early childhood development. Developing and sharing take-home literacy bags
is an exciting literacy-promoting activity that may be shared with children and families to provide support for emergent literacy.
This article explores the development of the BAGS (Books and Good Stuff) take-home literacy kits and provides suggestions
for content, construction, implementation, and evaluation. Sixteen current books are reviewed and recommended by theme. 相似文献
13.
Zheng Lin 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2010,37(4):279-287
This paper reports on a study of interactive dynamic assessment undertaken by children learning English listening and speaking
as a Foreign Language in a kindergarten. It investigates how an interactive dynamic assessment could be designed to assess
young English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) learners, what information such an interactive dynamic assessment may generate about
the language program and the participating children, and how such information may promote children’s EFL learning. Instead
of being context-independent and solely form-focused, this interactive dynamic assessment is contextualised within an English
intervention program and incorporated with a pre-formulated set of supportive mediations for the participating children. The
study shows this interactive dynamic assessment differs from traditional non-dynamic assessments in that it includes the assessor’s
mediation and thereby generates the information about the participating children’s needs for and potential responses to mediation.
It also demonstrates the potential of an interactive dynamic assessment in promoting children’s EFL learning and supporting
teaching EFL. 相似文献
14.
Theory-testing can only inform scientific inquiry when the prediction of test outcome is based upon the current theory (theory-prediction
consistency). This investigation explores children’s theory-prediction consistency in a computer-mediated task in which multiple
opportunities were provided to predict outcomes and review theories. An initial correlation study revealed that theory-prediction
consistency was associated with children’s success when attempting to identify causation. The second study investigated the
effect of goal and a simple intervention upon children’s theory-prediction consistency. The type of goal appeared to have
no effect but the intervention, which encouraged the children to use their theory to make predictions, significantly improved
their ability to identify cause. Interestingly, it also improved other aspects of their performance – such as encouraging
more reflection upon the outcomes of tests. The results imply that poor theory-prediction consistency may be related to difficulties
in identifying the type of problem being presented. 相似文献
15.
Ofra Korat 《Education and Information Technologies》2009,14(1):39-53
The effects of reading a CD-ROM storybook on children’s early literacy were examined as a function of their age group and
the number of times they used the software. The investigation was carried out on 214 children: 108 pre-kindergarten children
(aged 4:2 to 5:3) and 106 kindergarten children (aged 5:3–6:4). This population included 107 girls and 107 boys. The children
in each group were randomly assigned to one of three groups. The first intervention group was afforded three CD-ROM storybook
reading sessions. The second group was afforded five reading sessions and the third group served as a control and was afforded
the regular kindergarten program. Pre- and post-intervention early literacy measures included vocabulary, word recognition
and phonological awareness. No age group differences were found between the children’s early literacy progress after using
the software and no interaction was found between age group and the number of reading sessions. Children from both age groups
exhibited a similar level of story comprehension. Children who used the software five times exhibited greater progress in
word meaning than those who used it three times and children in both of these groups did better than the control group. Children
who used the software five times exhibited greater progress in word reading and phonological awareness than children in the
control group. Implications for future research and education are discussed. 相似文献
16.
The researchers addressed two questions: (1) Does maternal reading mediation and family home literacy environment (HLE) relate
to children’s emergent literacy (EL) level? and (2) Do the relationships among these variables differ as a function of socioeconomic
strata (SES) level. A total of 94 5–6-year-old children, 47 from low SES (LSES) and 47 from high (HSES) families, and their
mothers participated. Mother–child interactions while reading an unfamiliar book were videotaped and their verbal expressions
were coded for extracting maternal mediation level. Children’s independent EL level was assessed prior to the interaction.
Compared with the LSES group, HSES children showed higher EL levels and their homes had a richer literacy environment. Maternal
mediation level differed by SES: LSES mothers paraphrased text more often; HSES mothers’ higher mediation level included a
discussion of the written system and making connections beyond the text. In the HSES group, maternal mediation level and HLE
related to children’s EL; no such relationships appeared in the LSES group. Results are discussed in terms of children’s socio-economic
background and their reading experiences. Implications for researchers and educational practices about the relationships between
children’s literacy development, SES, HLE, and parental mediation are discussed. 相似文献
17.
Angela K. Salmon 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2008,35(5):457-461
Conscious of the interplay between nature and nurture in determining a child’s individuality and success in life, the author
embarked a group of teachers in an action research project towards nurturing a culture of thinking in young children. Considering
the positive effects of routines in early learning experiences, the research consisted in implementing thinking routines to
engage young children’s minds in thinking activities. The study took place in two Reggio-inspired schools where participating
teachers documented children’s work as part of their teaching. The documentation was a key element to make children’s thinking
visible as they installed the culture and language of thinking in their classrooms. The study found that thinking routines
build up positive attitudes about thinking and learning. By re-visiting their documented work children developed metacognitive
and critical thinking skills which make them more alert to situations that call for thinking. 相似文献
18.
Margherita Orsolini Rachele Fanari Sara Cerracchio Luisa Famiglietti 《Reading and writing》2009,22(8):933-954
In this study we explore the development of phonological and lexical reading in dyslexic children. We tested a group of 14
Italian children who have been diagnosed with dyslexia and whose reading age is end of grade 1. We compared this group with
a group of 70 typically developing children who have been tested for reading at the end of grade 1. For each dyslexic child
we also selected a participant who was attending the same grade, was close in age, and showed typical reading development
when tested with a narrative passage reading task (Cornoldi, Colpo, & Gruppo MT, 1981) for correctness and reading speed. Children in this group are “same grade controls.” We used a reading task consisting of
40 three syllables words. A qualitative and quantitative method of coding children’s naming allowed us to distinguish several
components of their reading performance: the grapheme and word recognition, the size of orthographic units involved in the
aloud orthography–phonology conversion, the reading process used to recognize words. The comparison of the dyslexic group
with the reading age and the same grade control groups reveals different trends of delayed reading processes. Considering
dyslexic children’s chronological age, lexical reading is greatly delayed. Considering dyslexic children’s reading age, the
type of reading process that is more deeply delayed is phonological reading. The rate of fragmented phonological reading (i.e.,
a type of syllabized phonological reading) is much higher in dyslexic children compared to the reading age group, suggesting
that some factors undermine the possibility of internalizing the orthography–phonology conversion and the blending processes. 相似文献
19.
Mugyeong Moon 《Asia Pacific Education Review》2001,2(1):22-31
The purpose of this study is to investigate teacher perspectives on peer relation problems of young children. Examined are
teacher definition of and assessment criteria for peer relation problems, and the most poignant peer relation problem perceived
by teachers. Three experienced American preschool teachers are interviewed and observed for one year. It is found that the
teachers define children’s peer relation problems as part of developmental processes and individual differences. The teachers
judge peer relation problems in terms of children’s emotional well-being, intentions, and social skills, and perceive children’s
control of others as the most serious peer relation problem in the classroom. It is posited that the teachers’ perspectives
rely on the emotional and motivational bases of children’s relationships with peers. The related issues are discussed and
implications for teaching practices are provided. 相似文献
20.
Kreutzer et al.’s (Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development 40(1):1–60, 1975) metamemory interview has been widely used in children’s metamemory literature, yet the psychometric properties of the measure
have yet to be reported, and the format and language of some subtests may pose problems for young children. Researchers often
combine subtests with other tests purported to measure metamemory, yet there is little empirical data regarding how these
subtests relate. It has been proposed that metamemory is comprised of distinct procedural and declarative components, but
this has not been empirically tested in young children. Therefore, the two studies reported here aimed to adapt Kreutzer et
al.’s interview to increase its developmental appropriateness, to examine the relationship between the interview subtests,
to add subtests that purport to test procedural metamemory, and then to examine the factor structure of the resulting scores
and investigate how metamemory changes with age across the elementary school years. The results suggest that the adapted versions
of the subtests are generally less contaminated by language ability, especially for the younger children. Factor analysis
indicated the presence of two declarative metamemory factors and one procedural metamemory factor. Both declarative factors
followed a similar developmental trajectory, increasing steadily from early to late elementary school age, whereas procedural
metamemory increased significantly between Grades 1 and 3 only. 相似文献