Performance investigation of 2D lattice Boltzmann simulation of forces on a circular cylinder

The lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is employed to simulate the uniform flow past a circular cylinder. The performance of the two-dimensional LBM model on the prediction of force coefficients and vortex shedding frequency is investigated. The local grid refinement technique and second-order boundary condition for curved walls are applied in the calculations. It is found that the calculated vortex shedding frequency, drag coefficient and lift coefficient are consistent with experimental results at Reynolds nu...     

The research analysis of aerodynamic numerical simulation of grid fin

This paper presents the results of an investigation to use arc-length mesh generation and finite volume TVD scheme to calculate Euler equations for predicting the effect of geometry parameters in reducing the drag force and improving the lift-drag ratio of grid fin in the supersonic flow regime. The effects of frame and web, whose cross section shape and thickness and spacing, on the aerodynamic character of the grid fin were studied. Calculations were made at Mach 2.5 and several angles of attack. The results were validated by comparing the computed aerodynamic coefficients against wind tunnel experimental data. Good agreement was found between computed and experimental results. The computed results suggest that parameters of the grid fin's frame have the greatest effect on the grid fin aerodynamic character, especially on its drag force. It was concluded proper choice of appropriate grid fin geometry parameters could reduce the drag force and improve the lift-drag ratios.     

Multi-objective optimization design method of the high-speed train head

With the continuous improvement of the train speed, the dynamic environment of trains turns out to be aerodynamic domination. Solving the aerodynamic problems has become one of the key factors of the high-speed train head design. Given that the aerodynamic drag is a significant factor that restrains train speed and energy conservation, reducing the aerodynamic drag is thus an important consideration of the high-speed train head design. However, the reduction of the aerodynamic drag may increase other aerodynamic forces （moments）, possibly deteriorating the operational safety of the train. The multi-objective optimization design method of the high-speed train head was proposed in this paper, and the aerodynamic drag and load reduction factor were set to be optimization objectives. The automatic multi-objective optimization design of the high-speed train head can be achieved by integrating a series of procedures into the multi-objective optimization algorithm, such as the establishment of 3D parametric model, the aerodynamic mesh generation, the calculation of the flow field around the train, and the vehicle system dynamics. The correlation between the optimization objectives and optimization variables was analyzed to obtain the most important optimization variables, and a further analysis of the nonlinear relationship between the key optimization variables and the optimization objec- tives was obtained. After optimization, the aerodynamic drag of optimized train was reduced by up to 4.15%, and the load re- duction factor was reduced by up to 1.72%.     

用于确定疲劳载荷谱的共轴直升机气动力参数数值模拟

本文探索了共轴直升机气动力参数估算技术,用以确定其疲劳载荷谱。首先给出了气动力计算的主控方程和数值方法,然后,分别建立了共轴直升机机身与旋翼的三维层流和湍流流场模拟的物理模型和计算网格模型,采用计算流体力学(CFD)方法,进行了共轴直升机机身与旋翼的层流和湍流流场数值模拟,估算了其气动力参数曲线,并对计算结果进行了分析对比,以检验建模技术的有效性,分析结果表明:该项技术实用可行,能得到一些与工程实际吻合的现象和结论。     

Features of flow past square cylinder with a perforated plate

A numerical investigation was performed on the reduction of the fluid forces acting on the square cylinder in the laminar flow regime with a perforated plate. The effects of geometric parameters such as the distance between the square cylinder and the perforated plate on the wake of the square cylinder were discussed. Furthermore, the flow characteristics such as the drag coefficient, lift coefficient, Strouhal number and flow pattern were obtained. It can be concluded that the drag force of the square cylinder reduces to some extent due to the addition of the perforated plate. The flow structure varies when the perforated plate is located behind the square cylinder. Moreover, the recirculation zone augments with the increase of L/D, and the vortex trace on the upper and lower surface of the square cylinder moves gradually backwards until a stable recirculation zone formed between the square cylinder and the perforated plate.     

基于数值模拟的圆筒形底座模具设计与分析

针对铝合金圆筒形底座,结合企业的实际生产情况,采用数值模拟软件Flow-3D对铸件3种不同浇注方案的充型过程进行模拟分析,以确定最佳的进浇系统．对比3种不同方案充填过程料流和卷气分布的模拟结果．确定了带分流区的搭接扇形浇注系统方案．据此方案的金属液流向和卷气位置,设置了真空排溢系统,通过模拟分析了设计方案的合理性．     

截面相似性零件的自适应测点规划研究

针对整个模型统一尺度规划和曲面间的衔接处理困难问题,提出“曲面模型-三角网格模型-截面线-点集-测点集”的规划策略,实现基于曲率特性的自适应测点规划。通过将数字化设计模型转换成统一粒度的密集三角网格模型,实现复杂型面的一致性描述;进而利用三角网格的拓扑信息,提取截面线;在截面线曲率估算的基础上,通过均分曲线质量进行测量点的自适应规划。结果表明,该研究能以较少的测点反映加工误差。     

液压缸系统基于ANSYS的有限元应力分析

液压缸在能源机械等工业领域有着重要用途,然而当前针对液压缸系统可供参考的有限元分析方法还较少。提出了基于ANSYS的有限元系统分析方法。首先建立液压缸系统的有限元模型,进而通过设定边界条件及载荷分布对液压缸系统进行了力位移计算、全局应力分布及局部应力应变分布计算。计算结果能够为产品研发与分析提供重要参考,对于改进液压缸系统的性能与寿命具有重要意义。     

Finite element model for linear-elastic mixed mode loading using adaptive mesh strategy

An adaptive mesh finite element model has been developed to predict the crack propagation direction as well as to calculate the stress intensity factors （SIFs）, under linear-elastic assumption for mixed mode loading application. The finite element mesh is generated using the advancing front method. In order to suit the requirements of the fracture analysis, the generation of the background mesh and the construction of singular elements have been added to the developed program. The adaptive remeshing process is carried out based on the posteriori stress error norm scheme to obtain an optimal mesh. Previous works of the authors have proposed techniques for adaptive mesh generation of 2D cracked models. Facilitated by the singular elements, the displacement extrapolation technique is employed to calculate the SIK The fracture is modeled by the splitting node approach and the trajectory follows the successive linear extensions of each crack increment. The SlFs values for two different case studies were estimated and validated by direct comparisons with other researchers work.     

Adaptive triangular mesh coarsening with centroidal Voronoi tessellations

We present a novel algorithm for adaptive triangular mesh coarsening. The algorithm has two stages. First, the input triangular mesh is refined by iteratively applying the adaptive subdivision operator that performs a so-called red-green split. Second, the refined mesh is simplified by a clustering algorithm based on centroidal Voronoi tessellations （CVTs）. The accuracy and good quality of the output triangular mesh are achieved by combining adaptive subdivision and the CVTs technique. Test results showed the mesh coarsening scheme to be robust and effective. Examples are shown that validate the method.     

A new method for studying the 3D transient flow of misaligned journal bearings in flexible rotor-bearing systems

The effects of journal misalignment on the transient flow of a finite grooved journal bearing are presented in this study. A new 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis method is applied. Also, the quasi-coupling calculation of transient fluid dynamics of oil film in journal bearing and rotor dynamics is considered in the analysis. Based on the structured mesh, a new approach for mesh movement is proposed to update the mesh volume when the journal moves during the fluid dynamics simulation of an oil film. Existing dynamic mesh models provided by FLUENT are not suitable for the transient oil flow in journal bearings. The movement of the journal is obtained by solving the moving equations of the rotor-bearing system with the calculated film pressure as the boundary condition of the load. The data exchange between fluid dynamics and rotor dynamics is realized by data files. Results obtained from the CFD model were consistent with previous experimental results on misaligned journal bearings. Film pressure, oil film force, friction torque, misalignment moment and attitude angle were calculated and compared for misaligned and aligned journal bearings. The results indicate that bearing performances are greatly affected by misalignment which is caused by unbalanced excitation, and the CFD method based on the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) technique can effectively predict the transient flow field of a misaligned journal bearing in a rotor-bearing system.     

蜜蜂悬停飞行时柔性翅气动特性

对蜜蜂悬停飞行时二维柔性翅气动特性进行了研究．建立了昆虫飞行的4种坐标系,包括地面坐标系、贴体坐标系、固定翼坐标系和柔性翼坐标系,分别表示昆虫的位置、姿态、翅膀运动形式及变形．对4种坐标系间的变换进行了研究,并指出在二维刚性翅研究中利用椭圆坐标系可以提高计算精度,减少计算量．建立了二维柔性翅模型,分析了气动力、力矩及功率变化情况．对计算结果进行了分析,并指出扑动开始及结束阶段大的升力和阻力峰值的产生是平动加速、加速旋转及马格纳斯效应的叠加;小的峰值归因于凸向来流和凹向来流作用;与压力、压力力矩和平动功率相比,黏性力、黏性力矩及转动功率较小,可以忽略．     

钢球撞击双层带间隙保护板炸药柱的爆炸分析

采用LS-DYNA3D动力有限元程序对钢球撞击双层带间隙保护板炸药柱的爆炸过程进行了数值模拟分析。分析中采用了流固耦合与动力学接触模式,获得了钢球撞击的临界起爆速度,爆炸产生的峰值压力。研究表明,采取适当的保护措施,炸药制成的部件或装置的安全性能够得到保证。     

Machining distortion prediction of aerospace monolithic components

To predict the distortion of aerospace monolithic components, a model is established to simulate the numerical control （NC） milling process using 3D finite element method （FEM）. In this model, the cutting layer is simplified firstly. Then, the models of cutting force and cutting temperature are established to gain the cutting loads, which are applied to the mesh model of the part. Finally, a prototype of machining simulation environment is developed to simulate the milling process of a spar. Key factors influencing the distortion, such as initial residual stress, cutting loads, fixture layout, cutting sequence, and tool path are considered all together. The total distortion of the spar is predicted and an experiment is conducted to validate the numerical results. It is found that the maximum discrepancy between the simulation results and experiment values is 19.0%.     

微孔膜内大分子有效扩散系数的计算

报道一种计算分子尺寸与构型对微孔内大分子有效扩散系数影响的理论方法。基于刚性圆球分子在圆柱型孔内的扩散理论，定义分子平均投影半径和水力学球半径，分别用于估算孔内外浓度分配系数和孔内水力学拖曳力。对不同构型的大分子，使用该法计算的有效扩散系数与已发表的实验数据吻合良好。     

An adaptive finite element procedure for crack propagation analysis

INTRODUCTION The finite element method (FEM) has proved to be very well suited for the study of fracture mechanics. Nevertheless, modelling the propagation of a crack through a finite element mesh turns out to be difficult because of the modification of the mesh topology. Use of crack propagation laws based on stress inten-sity factor range is the most successful engineering application of fracture mechanics. The stress intensity factors are a very important parameter in fracture analys…     

四边形有限元网格生成方法关键技术

本对四边形网格生成法中的边界偏移、最优分割线确定等关键技术作了改进。在该方法中，用户只需指定区域的边界以及边界上的单元尺寸，就可以生成疏密自然过渡的四边形网格。它可与二维刚塑性有限元程序集成为具有网格自动重分功能的有限元模拟系统。利用系统对火车车轮预成形过程进行了模拟，结果表明该网格生成法通用性强，自动化程度高。     

结合Delaunay三角网的自适应多尺度图像重叠域配准方法

为改进随机采样一致性算法模型参数估计可能不是最优导致图像特征点配准率不高的问题,缩短特征点提取时间,提出一种结合Delaunay三角网格约束的自适应多尺度图像重叠域配准方法。采用自适应通用加速分割检测算法,快速检测出均匀稳定的特征点,并且用二进制特征描述子解决尺度不变性和旋转不变性问题。因传统随机采样一致性算法阈值选取和迭代次数的局限性,会掺杂部分难筛的误配点,在此前提下借助Delaunay算法剖分粗匹配点集,遍历计算网格间对应三角形相似度并储存在相似性度量矩阵中。依据Delaunay三角网特性,剔除相似度差异大的三角形,重构网格保存余下的匹配点集。实验结果表明,该方法特征点提取速率比FAST快15%~20%,特征点正确配准率比随机采样一致性算法提高约4.9%,不仅可自适应多尺度快速提取特征点,而且在保证特征点正确配准率基础上尽量多地保留有效特征点数量。     

行星齿轮传动中齿数对行星轮载荷的影响

从齿轮时变啮合刚度出发，建立了单级2K-H渐开线行星齿轮传动的集中质量参数型振动模型，以行星架作为参考坐标，将齿轮啮合的刚度近似成时变分段线性的弹簧刚度，采用模态叠加的原理，通过系统在刚度变化时的速度以及位移的连续性条件，在时域范围内模拟系统的振动过程。分析了不同齿数齿轮对啮合力的影响，最后得出：在2K-H渐开线行星齿轮传动中，若太阳轮与内齿圈均为行星轮个数的整数倍时，行星轮的均载效果好；太阳轮与内齿圈的齿数不为行星轮个数的整数倍时，行星轮之间出现偏载；系统有数个与初始刚度相关的稳定点的结论。     

大规格弯曲薄壁塑件注射成型浇注系统设计

以汽车裙边塑件为例,分析了大规格弯曲薄壁塑件的结构和成型性能特点,然后将浇注系统设定为圆柱体内的塑料熔体流动,其它非圆截面浇注系统采用形状因子等效,并通过数值模拟,获得熔接痕位王及锁模力、进浇口压力的变化曲线.在此基础上,对浇注系统进行改进,有效控制了熔接痕的大小和位置.