强联系与企业内跨部门知识共享研究

文章将知识共享过程分解为知识寻找和转移两个过程，重点研究了强联系在跨部门的复杂知识共享中的作用：当部门之间强调身份的一致性时或共享复杂知识时，强联系比弱联系能提供更多的知识共享机会；强联系比弱联系更有利于克服复杂知识传递方面的困难，以及建立合适的协调机制促进复杂知识的整合，从而有力地促进发挥复杂知识的共享。     

基于强联系的创新性虚拟项目团队知识整合研究

研究了创新性虚拟项目团队(VPT)知识整合所需的人际关系网络联系结构及知识整合的工作模型与步骤。创新性虚拟项目团队知识整合特别是隐性知识的整合需要较高的信任关系,可以通过建立VPT“导师—学徙”型结对工作模型提供这种强联系人际关系网络来实现VPT创新性知识整合。     

内生型产业集群中的企业家社会网络和行为研究--理论假定和应用研究

本文指出经济学对产业集群现象解释的局限,并试图从企业家社会网络的角度来分析这一现象。通过构造环境、网络和行为三者之间的关系,在内生型产业集群环境下,利用“撒网”模型做应用研究,文章得出两点结论：第一,强联系在企业家撒网过程中起主要作用;第二,个体行为的路径依赖现象影响了企业家撒网的过程和结果。     

新兴产业创业企业家的胜任力结构解析——基于跨案例分析法

中国新兴技术的产业化面临达尔文之海,亟需企业家发掘创业机会、整合创新资源,进而推动新兴技术的变革和商业化。基于胜任力理论,构建了新兴产业创业企业家胜任力的分析框架;进而借助跨案例研究方法,比较了马云、马化腾和李彦宏三位企业家的胜任力结构特征,探究了新兴产业创业企业家胜任力构成的共性和异质性特征,进而探讨了创业企业家胜任力结构与创业模式选择的内在关系。研究表明:(1)新兴产业创业企业家的胜任力主要由元胜任力、认知胜任力、个人胜任力、职能胜任力、价值观构成,且企业家胜任力结构具有异质性。(2)新兴产业企业家胜任力结构的差异不仅会影响企业家创业机会的发掘,而且会影响企业家创业资源的整合利用,从而影响企业家创业模式的选择。(3)能够准确判断市场发展趋势,善于捕捉市场机会,并能高效整合市场资源的企业家倾向于选择商业模式变革导向的创业模式;而具有技术研发先验知识,善于捕捉技术创业机会,并且热衷推动技术变革和转化的企业家通常会选择技术范式变革导向的创业模式。     

团队创业企业合法化战略与创新网络资源整合：一个综合模型

随着"线性创新模式"向"创新网络模式"的转变, 作为创业主要类型之一的团队创业企业如何整合创新网络资源,既决定着网络创新模式的实现,也影响着创业成败.基于合法性理论视角,在分析新企业创新网络资源整合的社会关系和动态特征以及传统结构洞等理论解释局限性基础上,从合法化战略视角提出了团队创业企业创新网络资源整合的途径.     

企业家能力对企业竞争优势的影响研究

在分析企业竞争优势理论核心要义基础上,将企业家纳入企业竞争优势的研究范畴,由此提出了企业家能力的衡量体系.同时,通过分析企业家的发现机会能力、配置资源能力、整合资源能力、创新能力、承担风险能力、学习能力与企业竞争优势的关系,建立了企业家能力对企业竞争优势影响的理论模型.最后,结合问卷调查数据,本文运用结构方程模型对理论模型进行了实证检验,并根据计算结果分析了企业家的各项能力对企业竞争优势的具体影响.     

快变市场环境下基于机会窗口的创新追赶研究——HTC公司案例分析

以宏达国际电子股份有限公司(简称HTC公司)为例,分析了快变市场环境下基于机会窗口的创新追赶历程及各个阶段对后发企业内在能力的要求。研究结果表明:创新机会窗口出现的成因是多重综合作用的结果,包括技术与市场变化、领先企业"能力陷阱"和后发企业内生能力等因素。创新追赶阶段可分为机会窗口辨识、机会窗口进入、机会窗口扩展三个阶段。机会窗口辨识阶段的能力支撑为企业家技术抱负、市场感知能力、技术搜索能力及快速决策能力,机会窗口进入阶段的主要能力支撑为技术集成能力和自主研发能力,在机会窗口扩展阶段还要求企业具有产业网络整合能力。在创新类型表现上,"微创新"组合也是实现创新追赶的有效手段。     

企业战略导向与管理者社会资本的交互作用机制研究

管理者联系作为企业的社会关系资本,对于企业的技术获取、信息搜集和稀缺资源的获得都有着正向的影响作用,在目前的转型经济背景之下,管理者联系是对市场和制度环境不确定性的有力补充,以前的研究大多关注对管理者联系的作用的研究,但是对于其作用过程和对这个过程的影响因素及作用却研究的不够深入。考虑到企业的资源限制和企业战略导向对于企业资源分配的决定作用,基于社会资本理论和战略理论,运用实证模型,通过引入企业的战略导向作为调节变量,研究两种不同的企业导向对于不同的管理者联系与企业绩效之间关系的调节作用。结果表明,企业家导向正向调节了政治联系与企业绩效之间的关系,而负向调节了商业联系与企业绩效之间的关系;市场导向正向调节了商业联系与企业绩效之间的关系,却负向调节了政治联系与企业绩效之间的关系。     

社会网络和高管团队构建对企业家机会识别能力的影响——基于民营企业的实证分析

社会网络和高管团队是企业家重要的社会资源,对企业家的机会识别能力有重要影响。通过对233名民营企业家的问卷调查和回归分析发现,社会网络尤其是公共关系网络和市场网络对企业家的机会识别能力具有显著的正向影响;高管团队的平均受教育水平和行业经验对企业家的机会识别能力起着显著的促进作用。因此,为了提高机会识别能力,企业家一方面应着力构建受教育程度较高和行业经验丰富的高管团队,另一方面还需要重点拓展和维护公共关系网络和市场网络。     

社会网络和高管团队构建对企业家机会识别能力的影响

社会网络和高管团队是企业家重要的社会资源,对企业家的机会识别能力有重要影响。通过对233名民营企业家的问卷调查和回归分析发现：社会网络尤其是公共关系网络和市场网络对企业家的机会识别能力具有显著的正向影响;高管团队的平均受教育水平和行业经验对企业家的机会识别能力起着显著的促进作用。因此,为了提高机会识别能力,企业家一方面应着力构建受教育程度较高和行业经验丰富的高管团队,另一方面还需要重点拓展和维护公共关系网络和市场网络。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence     

Chinese Scientists Use Earth Observation Technologies to Study and Protect Wild Camels

<正>Chinese scientists plan to apply Earth Observation technologies to protect the critically endangered wild camels(Camelus ferus).With the help of remote sensing,satellite positioning,geographical information system and wireless sensors networks,they will be able to access the distribution and population of the wild camels and protect their habitats.The project will be carried out by the International Research Center for Wild Camel Conservation,which was jointly established earlier this year by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)of the Chinese     

More than Skin Deep – Understand Skin Biology by Means of Dermatogenomics

<正>The Paul Gerson Unna Research Group on Dermatogenomics was founded in October 2012 at the Partner Institute for Computational Biology.The ultimate goal of the group is to understand the biology of skin and skin appendages.