妇女运动爆发前的俄罗斯女子教育

从基辅罗斯时期到19世纪六十年代妇女运动爆发前,俄罗斯女子教育经历了近千年的发展与衍变历程,总体上可以分为以下三个时期:中世纪若有若无的女子教育,完全受惠于自发参与到教育实践中来的上层社会女性;18世纪,当政者意识到女子教育对国家发展的重要性,由统治者主导的教育改革不但将女子教育提上日程,而且通过引进西欧教育模式大力发展本国女子教育;19世纪上半叶,女子教育逐渐从整个教育体系中分离出来。长期以来,俄国女子教育一直隐藏在男子教育的光环之下,其教育内容则始终围绕当权者对妇女贤妻良母的角色定位而展开,与现代意义上的女子教育尚存在一定距离。     

Building up capabilities of educational administrators in India

Since independence in 1947, India has made a rapid development in all spheres, more particularly in the field of education. With the national commitment to provide educational opportunity to all citizens of the country and the highest priority given to the programme of universalisation of elementary education, the educational facilities have increased considerably over the years. Special attention is being paid to provide education to girls and to the children of the weaker sections of the community. Besides formal education, non-formal channels of education are also being exploited.This has increased the responsibilities of educational administrators manifold. The complexity and enormity of the tasks that they have to perform, the quality of leadership that they have to possess, the horizontal and vertical linkages that they have to establish within and outside the Education Department, and the managerial role that they have to discharge in order that the resources are effectively mobilised and utilised, have made it incumbent upon them to be familiar with the latest techniques of planning and management.The National Institute of Educational Planning and Administration (NIEPA) which is a specialised Central Institution for advanced training of key educational personnel has for the past two decades been playing an important role in building up the capabilities of different kinds of educational functionaries and serving as a catalytic agent for change.The need for training of educational administrators of all levels is now well recognised in India. In a developing country where there are certain aspirations of students, teachers, parents and community about education and where quantity, quality and equity all play a vital role, the development of professional skills in the educational administrators assumes great importance. Such a training not only leads to human resource development and an increase in the productivity of the officers but it also helps in the speedy realisation of the targets of educational and social development.     

用教育技术引领教育改革——论我国教育技术的定位(二)

教育技术是一项解决教育问题的系统技术,可用于推动教育、教学的各个层面上的改革。但二十多年来,由于认识受限,定位不当,我国这一领域的工作偏重于硬件设施建设与服务、教育媒体制作、教学方法改革等方面,且这些活动大部分在战术层面上开展,教育技术没有发挥更大的作用。当前,我们应关注在战略层面上实施教育技术,追求“效果、效率和效益”,即教育绩效,这是我国穷国办大教育的国情所要求的。战略优先,战术配合,战略战术互动,促进教育整体改革,落实科学发展观,这应成为信息化进程中我国教育技术高起点新发展的指导思想,成为我国教育技术学科知识体系构建研究的基本思路。用教育技术引领教育改革,在宏观层面上应重视需要的评估和系统规划,确保“做对的事情”;在中观层面上要推广教学系统设计,在微观层面上要加强对研究成果的运用,确保“把事情做对”。目前我国教育技术界电教人员或计算机科学人员的工作仅是教育技术的一个组成部分,教育技术也是各级教育管理者和广大教师的共同事业。     

The politics of educational transfer and policymaking in Egypt

For the past two centuries, western modern education has informed education policies and practices in Egypt. However, few researchers have analyzed the historical or current politics of educational transfer in this country. This article investigates the ways in which foreign transfer has influenced Egyptian education, both historically and currently. It concludes that current Egyptian education is a product of inappropriately adapted foreign transfers coupled with domestic interest in spreading education with little attention to its quality. Egypt has recently received considerable support from the international community and has been influenced by global educational discourses. Yet, its educational reforms have met little, if any, success as they have been introduced into a system with characteristics that are historically ingrained and resistant to change, and into a contested context of competing interest groups and a climate of mistrust. The result is a disoriented education system full of problems.     

校外教育的概念和理念

校外教育作为我国教育系统中的一个重要组成部分，在长达半个世纪的实践中，已经形成了一套不同于学校教育系统的活动机构，活动方式，活动内容和活动结果，在人才培养和促进社会主义现代化建设中发挥了重要作用。在理论上，关于校外教育的研究也取得了一定的进展。     

国际蒙台梭利教育协会(AMI)的历程、特点与趋势

AMI是由蒙台梭利本人亲自创建的蒙台梭利组织,经过91年的发展,已经成为国际上蒙台梭利教育界最富权威的机构,在蒙台梭利教育运动中发挥着引领和标杆性的作用。AMI有自己的课堂教学标准和认可层级制度,在教育实践中产生了良好的教学效果,形成了自己的教育特色。在长期教育实践中,AMI以恪守蒙台梭利教育思想原意而著称,被视为蒙台梭利教育中的守成派或旧派。但近些年该组织的发展规划和行动表明,发展与创新成为该组织的主旋律。AMI将在坚守与创新中继续发挥它在蒙台梭利教育界不可或缺的重要作用。     

教育法典化视角下教育法律行为 概念的界定与澄清

“教育（法律）行为”概念的引入有利于促进教育法的体系化与法典化、整合各类教育法上的行为，并弥补现有概念工具的不足。然而，学界对教育行为、教育法律行为的具体内涵及其相互关系仍缺乏深入讨论。其一，教育行为概念的用法存在广义与狭义的区别；其二，教育法律行为概念的界定系由传统法理学上的法律行为转变而来，过于简单，难以揭示各类教育行为的共同本质，难以承担建构教育法内在体系的功能，也难以彰显教育法的独特价值追求。为构建具有普适性的教育法行为概念，应将教育行为界定为与教育有关的一切活动，包括教育法律行为与教育事实行为。对于教育法律行为来说，“直接产生法律效果”是其法律本质，“促进人的全面发展（教育性）”则是其根本目标。因此，可以将教育法律行为界定为：教育法律规范调整的，法律主体基于教育性目的所作出的直接产生法律效果的行为。     

迈向学习型社会的重要宣言——写在《学会生存》发表40周年之际

2012年是联合国教科文组织报告《学会生存》发表40周年。报告对世界教育发展最重要的贡献有两点,一是对教育旧观念和旧制度的缺陷与弊病的深刻批判;二是对教育发展新趋势的深刻研判,并在此基础上提出若干极为重要的教育新理念与基本原则。40年来,该报告有关教育民主、终身教育和学习型社会建设的思想对世界各国的教育政策和社会发展产生了广泛而深远的影响,对深刻认识消除教育不平等和不均衡现象对社会进步的重大意义以及深刻认识教育改革的迫切性和必要性起到了巨大的推动作用,对世界各国终身学习体系和学习型社会的构建至今仍具有指导意义和建设性作用。但也不可否认,报告受时代局限,也存在种种不足,如明显夸大了教育在社会发展中的作用,对教育发展和教育改革取得的成果期望过高;对教育改革与创新的艰巨性估计不足;在若干重要问题上存在盲点;在大力倡导终身教育理念的同时,对如何建立终身教育理论与实践的联系缺乏足够深入的探讨。     

利用信息技术构建社区教育新平台

信息技术的发展成熟和城市信息基础设施的建设为社区教育提供了先进的物质条件和全新的发展空间,传统的社区教育在很多方面已不能满足社区居民的教育需求,针对信息技术环境下社区教育的特点,分析和设计了针对不同密度的社区教育网络模型,为新时期社区教育的发展提供参考。     

论教育暴力的生成逻辑与规约指向

教育本应是人类智慧种子的一片光明沃土,但面对事实,我们不得不承认它还有阴暗的一面。在现实的教育实践中,教育的正当性正在失落,表现的扭曲形式就是教育暴力的出现。这种扭曲的教育暴力以一种特殊的方式制约着当今教育的发展。要规制这种行为、排除这种扭曲,必须从现实中找到问题的源头。教育理想的冲突、教师素质的缺失和学生权利的遮蔽是教育暴力产生不可回避的因素,通过这些因素的分析对遏制教育暴力,推进教育走向和谐健康的发展轨道具有重要的现实意义。     

教育中技术的本质探讨

教育中技术的本质是对教育系统的利人的能动性改造,是人的价值体现,是历史的、生成的。在技术、人、教育的关系中,人是目的,教育是手段,技术是环境条件;人为了生存和发展需要教育,技术服务和服从于教育发展的需要,教育提供了人和技术发展的空间。必须从人的本质力量的角度来理解教育系统的技术的价值,以"以人为本"为准则不断调节技术与人的各种具体关系,从而促进技术、教育与人的同步发展。     

论高等职业教育的多样化

在我国加入WTO背景下,探讨高等职业教育的多样化具有重要意义.高等职业教育多样化有其现实基础,体现了教育发展的必然趋势.高等职业教育具有多重功能,其多样化主要表现在办学体制、培养目标、教育形式、教育层次等方面.多样化可以增强高等职业教育的活力.充满活力的高等职业教育将对提升我国国际竞争力、全面建设小康社会发挥应有作用.     

The Amalgamation of Special Education? On Practices and Policies that may Render it Unrecognizable

The decades-long assault on principles of special education—some knowingly, such as the regular education initiative, and some unknowingly, such as certain presumptions and practices of full inclusion—have consequences that may negatively affect the future of the field. Protracted criticisms on the character, role, and legitimacy of traditional special education and its related policies and practices have, in some ways, weakened its identity. It is conceivable that special education, as a robust and independent educational component is being threatened. Factors leading to this conclusion are discussed as well as a call for recognition of policy implications and needed research to guide policy development.     

外国老年教育发展现状及趋势

近二三十年来，教育这个大家庭中出现了一个新成员，它就是老年教育。所谓老年教育，顾名思义，就是指以老年人为主要教育对象的教育。1973年在法国创立了第一所老年大学，这是老年教育兴起的标志。在其影响下，老年大学在世界各国蓬勃发展起来。世界各国老年教育分为闲暇教育、社会教育和继续教育三种类型，但教育模式却多种多样。     

Public Education and Muslim Voluntary Organisations in Britain

Since the beginning of their settlement in Britain, Muslims have had to face the challenges of adapting to a new social, cultural and economic environment, and also that of responding to the opportunities provided by the new environment. A particularly sticking challenge facing the Muslim community in Britain is in the field of education. Over the last four decades, a group of Muslim voluntary organizations has emerged which is characterised by its keen interest in the public education system of this country. Muslim voluntary organizations have been playing a key role in the educational debate pertaining to the nature of religious education, and the scope of moral and spiritual development in the school curriculum. In addition, these organizations have been active, through a process of consultation and collaboration, in providing educational services to state schools, local education authorities and government departments. This paper examines the development of such voluntary organizations and attempts to discern their role and impact on the public education system in Britain.     

Educational Psychology in Teacher Education

Over the years, educational psychology has been a part of teacher preparation, moving from a centerpiece in many programs, through periods when it was deemed irrelevant by some, to current concerns about its role in the reforming of teacher education and teaching. Today, psychological knowledge is used to ground reforms in teaching and schooling, particularly the call for teaching for understanding. Current standards for teacher certifications and licensure and suggestions for reform in teacher education assume that teachers will have a deep and generative understanding of learning, development, motivation, and individual differences. This article explores several themes that recur in the writing on reforms and teacher standards: the need to place learning at the center of teaching, the call for integrated studies, and the value of collaboration with the public schools. These themes have both positive and negative implications for the role of educational psychology in teacher education.     

Educational psychology within teacher education

In a context where the role of the teacher and teacher education are undergoing considerable change, the role of educational psychology in teacher preparation is discussed within a new framework. Educational psychology is now perceived as an inherent component within teacher training and professional development, having previously been an additional course and often considered irrelevant to teaching practice. The current paper discusses the relationship between educational psychology and teacher preparation. Educational psychology's contribution to teachers' professional development is delineated through the constructs of teachers' prior beliefs about teaching, reflective practice and self‐efficacy, while its contribution to the improvement of teacher–pupil interaction is viewed through the lenses of instruction theories, social and emotional learning, special educational needs and classroom management. It is argued that through a productive dialectic dialogue between educational psychology and education, educational psychology provides the knowledge defined by its field to be utilized by teachers, whereas at the same time, teachers gain a wider reconceptualization of their practice.     

家庭功能的变迁与教育机会的发展——以社会性别理论为视角

随着现代社会经济的发展和科学技术的进步,人类社会的家庭及其社会功能发生了巨大改变,其中家庭社会实践活动的功能经历了重大变革,特别是家庭的教育功能在家庭与社会发展变革的联系和作用中发挥着重要功效,以不断满足人们生存和社会适应的各种需要以及适应和改变社会环境的需要。在家庭社会功能发展与变迁的过程中,人们依然在不断地追求美好的理想,即接受均等的教育,尽管人们对"教育机会均等"问题的认识和努力存在着一定的文化、传统、观念上的差异,但是追求和实现教育机会的均等仍是社会各级各类教育所要达到的教育目的之一。以女性主义的社会性别理论为依据来反思和分析传统家庭社会功能发展中所充斥着的男性中心思想和意识,可以重新审视家庭社会功能变迁对教育机会发展的影响,不断思考并解决家庭社会功能发展和教育机会发展的关系问题,努力促进社会教育机会平等发展。     

东部经济较发达地区深入实施素质教育的长效机制研究

近年来,东部经济较发达地区素质教育取得了一系列成果,但仍然面临着严峻挑战。素质教育之所以步履维艰,既有教育外部的原因,也有教育内部的原因。构建深入实施素质教育的长效机制,需要建立市县党委政府教育政绩考核机制和问责制度,改进社会人才评价及选用制度,加快推进考试招生制度改革,创新人才培养模式和教育质量评价制度,落实有利于教育家办学的管理体制,营造有利于教师潜心育人的制度环境。     

适切性抑或出位之思——对后现代主义教育思想的中国语境的检视

后现代主义教育思想的产生有着特定的语境。如果我们发生身份误置，认为当下及未来中国教育应是后现代取向的，那必然是一种出位之思，必然导致我们应持守的发展教育现代性这一主体目标的缺失。尽管后现代主义教育思想是有史以来对教育现代性的批判最为犀利、最为彻底的，但它不是从原则上质疑教育现代性，它是站在教育现代性一边来展开对教育现代性的批判的，它在解构传统意义上的或理性主义意义上的主体的同时，也建构着一种新型主体。因而它的思维方式及其精神气质于我们不仅不是出位之思，反而是有着重要借鉴意义的思想资源。它对于中国教育现代性发展的模型设计具有重要的警示作用，对于消解教育的前现代性具有重要的启示意义。