学词识字:为特殊教育精彩奠基

特殊教育教学大纲指出:"学词识字是耳聋学生学句的基础。"耳聋学生的语言都是从学词识字开始的,因为词是造句的最小单位,随着学词识字的增多,学生读句、写句能力才能提高,说话能力才能提高。不识字,读和写就无从谈起,因此学词识字教学是语文教学的基础,学词识字教学是聋哑学校语文教学的重点之一     

浅探聋童律动课教学

律动课是针对听力残疾学生特点专设的一门重要学科,是对聋童进行舞蹈教育的重要途径。律动课的教学目标:一是发展聋童的智力,使他们的身心得到协调、均衡、健康的发展;二是发展聋童的视觉、触觉、震动觉参与听力和语言能力。通过美育陶冶情操,补偿聋童生理、心理缺陷,促进个性发展。律     

强化听力语言教育 促进聋生言语交际能力发展

本文从注重拼音教学 ,把拼音当作学词、识字和朗读、说话的工具 ;注重创设环境 ,激发聋生学习、运用语言的积极性 ;注重朗读、背诵训练 ,以培养语感 ,积累语汇和句子 ;重视助听器在强化听力语言教育中的作用 ,以提高受话能力四方面谈如何促进聋生言语交际能力发展     

聋生学词识字教学漫谈

学词识字教学是聋校语文教学的基础,是低年级语文教学的重点,是聋生学习语言的主要途径,对聋生词语水平的提高和语言思维的发展都具有非常重要的意义和作用。所以在低年级学词识字教学中,教师必须按照新课程改革的要求逐步完善聋生学词识字教学方法,提高教学水平,从而提高聋生的学词识字能力,使他们语言得到发展．思维能力得到提高。     

现代教育媒体在聋校数学教学中的运用

由于聋教育的对象是具有听力残疾的儿童和青少年,所以聋教育除了要完成普通教育的目的、任务之外,还要完成其特殊任务,即补偿聋童的生理和心理缺陷,形成和发展聋童的语言,培养其社会生活能力和生产劳动技能等。     

随文识字学词 丰富语言积累——苏教版二下《问银河》教学片段与思考

语文教学要致力于培养学生运用语言文字的能力。低年级的语文教学,识字写字、学词学句是重点。《问银河》是一首儿童诗,语言富有韵律美。为了引导学生进行有品位、高质量的阅读,教师需要重视学生对字词的认读和理解。教学时,教师不妨采用借助图画直观演示、查阅字典、联系生活、借助旧知、了解字源等方式让学生识字学词,丰富学生的语言积累。     

汉语拼音教学中应注意的几个问题

一、强化音节教学 对刚入学的儿童来说,整体的音节是具体可感的,声韵母则是抽象的.儿童在不识字或识字很少的情况下,只有掌握了音节,才能进行读写.所以,应在单韵母教学的基础上,强化音节教学.如抄写音节、认读音节,用带调音节组词造句等.加强直呼音节与识字、学词、学句和阅读之间的纵向联系,加强直呼音节与听说读写之间的横向联系,使音节的教学与语言的学习,能力的培养有机地结合起来.     

把握教材特点优化课堂教学──谈“九义”教育小学低年级语文教学

把握教材特点优化课堂教学──谈“九义”教育小学低年级语文教学兰州市城关区教研室石英九年义务教育小学低年级语文教材，教学指导思想明确，注重发挥汉语拼音帮助识字阅读的功能，变从识字、学词入手，为着眼于发展学生的语言，在识字的同时，加强以词和句为重点的语言...     

聋校低年级字词趣味教学法

字词教学是小学语文教学的重要组成部分,是学生学习语文的基础,是学生学习阅读的基础,是学生学习写作的基础,也是学生学习沟通与交往的基础。然而,聋校学生由于听力损失的影响,对外界事物的认识和了解有着明显的缺陷,对语言的理解有着正常人想象不到的困难。据统计一个平均听力损失55dB以上的聋童,在语言交流中会错过绝大部分的语言信息,大多数聋童的语言发育相当迟缓。在聋生入学后他们要面对大量的识字任务,单调的讲解已经不能适应广大聋生的要求。     

串词巧识字

新课标明确指出：识字教学要将儿童熟识的语言因素作为主要材料，同时充分利用儿童生活经验注重交给识字方法，力求识用结合。第一学段的识字目标中也明确指出：让学生喜欢学习汉字，有主动识字的愿望，能借助汉语拼音认读汉字。     

Tracking vocabulary and reading growth in children from lower and higher socioeconomic backgrounds during the transition from primary to secondary education

We examined the relation between socioeconomic status (SES), vocabulary, and reading in middle childhood, during the transition from primary (elementary) to secondary (high) school. Children (N = 279, 163 girls) completed assessments of everyday and curriculum-related vocabulary, (non)word reading, and reading comprehension at five timepoints from age 10 to 13. Piecewise linear mixed-effects models showed significant growth in everyday vocabulary and word reading between every time point. Curriculum vocabulary and reading comprehension showed significant growth during the school year, but not during the summer holidays. There were significant effects of SES on all measures except word reading; yet, SES differences did not widen over time. Our findings motivate targeted reading and vocabulary support for secondary school students from lower SES backgrounds.     

Building Vocabulary Knowledge in Preschoolers Through Shared Book Reading and Gameplay

This study moves beyond previous investigations to examine whether an educational intervention combining shared book reading with a vocabulary game increases children's vocabulary knowledge. Four‐year‐olds (N = 44) were randomly assigned to dyads in either an intervention (shared book reading plus vocabulary review game) or comparison condition (shared book reading, after‐reading vocabulary review, and game that did not teach vocabulary). After two 30‐min sessions, results demonstrated that the intervention condition outperformed the comparison condition on measures of receptive and expressive knowledge of taught vocabulary words. Children in the intervention group who scored the lowest at pretest on the receptive measure saw the most gains in taught word knowledge. Findings suggest that combining vocabulary gameplay with shared book reading improved children's learning of the vocabulary words in comparison to a comparison group.     

Predictors of reading skills for kindergartners and first grade students in Spanish: a longitudinal study

This study investigated predictors of word reading and reading comprehension skills using longitudinal data from Spanish-speaking kindergartners (N?=?163) and first grade students (N?=?305) from high SES families in Chile. Individual differences in letter-naming fluency and phonemic segmentation fluency, but not vocabulary, were positive predictors of word reading, over time, for kindergartners. Furthermore, kindergartners with higher letter-naming fluency and phonemic segmentation fluency had a faster rate of change in word reading over time. For first graders?? reading comprehension, word reading, nonsense word fluency, and vocabulary were positively and uniquely related. However, the rate of change in the reading comprehension outcome differed over time by children??s level of vocabulary, nonsense word fluency, and word reading. These results suggest that code-related skills are important for word reading, but vocabulary might not have a direct, unique relation with word reading in a transparent orthography. In addition, phonological decoding fluency appears to contribute to reading comprehension even over and above word reading accuracy in Spanish.     

ELL preschoolers’ English vocabulary acquisition from storybook reading

This study investigates the effects of rich explanation, baseline vocabulary, and home reading practices on English language learning (ELL) preschoolers’ sophisticated vocabulary learning from storybook reading. Eighty typically developing preschoolers were pretested in L1 (Portuguese) and L2 (English) receptive vocabulary and were assigned to experimental or control groups. Eight books were selected and paired. Experimental participants heard books read three times over a 3-week period with rich explanations of target vocabulary. Controls heard stories read without explanations. Parents completed questionnaires about the frequency, content, and language of home reading practices. Rich explanation, initial L2 vocabulary, and frequency of home reading make significant contributions to sophisticated word learning from storyreading. Findings have important implications for L2 vocabulary acquisition in ELL preschoolers.     

Effectiveness of Supplemental Kindergarten Vocabulary Instruction for English Learners: A Randomized Study of Immediate and Longer-Term Effects of Two Approaches

Abstract

A two-cohort cluster-randomized trial was conducted to estimate effects of small-group supplemental vocabulary instruction for at-risk kindergarten English learners (ELs). Connections students received explicit instruction in high-frequency decodable root words, and interactive book reading (IBR) students were taught the same words in a storybook reading context. A total of 324 EL students representing 24 home languages and averaging in the 10th percentile in receptive vocabulary completed the study (Connections n = 163 in 75 small groups; IBR n = 161 in 72 IBR small groups). Although small groups in both conditions made significant immediate gains across all measures, Connections students made significantly greater gains in reading vocabulary and decoding (d =.64 and.45, respectively). At first-grade follow-up, longer-term gains were again greater for Connections students, but with smaller effect sizes (d =.29 and.27, respectively). Results indicate that explicit Connections instruction features designed to build semantic, orthographic, and phonological connections for word learning were effective for improving proximal reading vocabulary and general decoding; however, increases in root word reading vocabulary did not transfer to general vocabulary knowledge.     

The associations between child and item characteristics,use of vocabulary scaffolds,and reading comprehension in a digital environment: Insights from a big data approach

Scaffolding features that provide multimodal support for the pronunciation and meaning of words are increasingly common in digital reading environments. These vocabulary scaffolds are intended to aid the accurate pronunciation and understanding of individual words in context, thus supporting both vocabulary development and comprehension of text. However, the evidence on their efficacy remains inconclusive. The present study adds to the evidence base by examining: 1) whether child characteristics predict the use of vocabulary scaffolds; 2) whether the use of vocabulary scaffolds is associated with reading comprehension performance; and 3) whether the association between the use of scaffolds and reading comprehension is modulated by child and/or item characteristics. A large cohort (N ∼ 120,000) of 5- to 8-year-old children in the United States interacted with a gamified digital reading environment with embedded vocabulary scaffolds, thereby generating a large observational dataset of user log files. Confirmatory analyses with Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMMs) indicated that children with lower literacy skills, beginning readers, girls, and bilingual students were more likely to use the scaffold. Overall, the use of scaffolds was associated with better reading comprehension performance. The association between the use of scaffolds and reading comprehension was modulated by both child and item characteristics. We conclude that vocabulary scaffolds may be promising tools to facilitate reading comprehension and reduce performance differences amongst diverse learners in digital reading environments. Educational implications and recommendations for future research are discussed.     

阅读文本中词汇出现频率对词汇附带习得的影响研究

该文论述用同一篇阅读文本对高校非英语专业学习者进行研究,考察文本中词汇出现频率对词汇附带习得所产生的影响。研究结果显示:1)阅读文本中词汇出现频率对学习者掌握这些词汇的情况有明显影响。2)高频词汇比低频词汇更易被学习者掌握。3)词汇量大的学习者与词汇量小的学习者附带习得词汇的效果无明显差异。     

Stimulating breadth and depth of vocabulary via repeated storybook readings or tests

We investigated effects of listening to single or multiple storybook readings versus testing with and without feedback on children’s breadth (i.e., the number of words) and depth (i.e., the quality of word knowledge) of vocabulary learning. Kindergartners (n = 125) were divided into 3 intervention and 1 control conditions. Children in the control condition listened once to a storybook reading. In the experimental conditions, the initial storybook reading was followed by (a) repeated storybook reading, (b) repeated testing, or (c) repeated testing with feedback. For breadth of vocabulary, all 3 conditions showed learning gains compared to a single storybook reading, and no “testing effect” was found. For depth of vocabulary, repeated storybook reading and repeated testing with feedback were more effective than the control condition with the former seemingly most effective. Both for breadth and depth of vocabulary, the effects of testing were found to be conditional upon the provision of feedback.     

英语词汇知识的广度和深度在阅读理解中的作用

文章旨在探讨在外语环境下,英语词汇知识(包括广度与深度两个层面)与阅读理解之间的关系。121名学生参加了本研究的词汇广度、词汇深度、构词知识及阅读理解等四项测试。运用相关关系、多元回归等统计方法对所有数据进行分析,结果表明:(1)词汇量、词汇深度与阅读理解之间存在着高度正相关;(2)除了词汇量可以预测阅读成绩外,词汇深度在预测阅读成绩中也起着非常重要的作用。本研究的发现不仅证实了词汇知识的广度在阅读中的作用,而且使我们认识到词汇知识的深度在外语学习过程中的重要意义。     

The direct and indirect effects of word reading and vocabulary on adolescents’ reading comprehension: Comparing struggling and adequate comprehenders

The current study examined statistically significant differences between struggling and adequate readers using a multicomponent model of reading comprehension in 796 sixth through eighth graders, with a primary focus on word reading and vocabulary. Path analyses and Wald tests were used to investigate the direct and indirect relations of word identification, vocabulary, silent reading efficiency, and inference-making on reading comprehension. Comparing struggling versus adequate comprehenders revealed statistically significant differences in path coefficients. In both groups, vocabulary had the largest total effect when considering its direct and indirect effects. Word identification was the strongest direct predictor for struggling comprehenders (β = .18 for struggling vs. β = ? .03 for adequate), while vocabulary was the strongest predictor for adequate comprehenders (β = .40 for adequate vs. β = .14 for struggling). Findings reinforce (a) vocabulary knowledge plays a primary role in explaining individual differences in adolescent reading comprehension, (b) the need to differentiate intervention to address underlying difficulties of struggling readers, and (c) the relations of reading component skills (e.g., word reading and silent reading efficiency) to reading comprehension may be different based on reader proficiency.