Adjusting American Indian treaties: A guide to supplemental article and supplementary treaty citations from opinions of the federal, state, and territorial court systems

Supplemental articles and supplementary treaties were used as tools to modify American Indian treaties. In general, supplemental articles were adjustments to the parameters of a treaty, frequently made as quickly as the same – or the next – day of negotiations, whereas the task of a supplementary treaty was to affect the conditions created in a previous treaty(s).As the law of the land, these materials have been referenced in the opinions of the federal, state, and territorial court systems. This article identifies those 80 documents – a combination of 39 initial treaties and their 41 supplements – cited in the opinions of 101 cases between 1831 and 2000 that bind together these instruments, their modifications, and their application within these various venues.     

American Indian treaties in the Courts of Claims: A guide to treaty citations from opinions of the United States Courts of Claims

Since 1855, the federal Courts of Claims have provided relief for citizens in cases against the United States. President Abraham Lincoln, in his first annual message in 1861, declared his support for such a process: “It is as much the duty of government to render prompt justice against itself, in favor of citizens, as it is to administer the same between private individuals” [Message of the President. (1862). Appendix to The Congressional Globe, 37th Congress, 2d session, 3 December 1861, p. 2].     

Loci sigilli and American Indian treaties: Reflections on the creation of volume 2 of Kappler's Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties

The presence–or absence–of locus sigilli “[L.S.]” or “[SEAL]” indicators, to validate the signatures in those texts of American Indian treaties collated by Charles J. Kappler in his Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties, is examined. The results of this inquiry suggest that Kappler spent far more time examining the original treaty documents than Deloria and DeMallie proposed in their Documents of American Indian Diplomacy: Treaties, Agreements, and Conventions, 1775–1979.     

Standardized American Indians: The “Names of Indian tribes and bands” list from the Office of Indian Affairs

The inconsistent spelling of American Indian tribal names at the end of the nineteenth century led in part to the development within the Office of Indian Affairs of an array of 270 standardized identifiers, ranging from Absaroka to Zuñi. These efforts paralleled the simultaneous improvement of a large suite of relevant terms by the United States Board on Geographic Names. Both compilations were included in style manuals published by the Government Printing Office beginning in 1900 and approved for the use of federal agencies. In 1903 and 1904, Charles J. Kappler, in the preparation of his multi-volume Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties, made particular use of this orthography when he created new individual titles for the recognized treaties between the federal government and the Indian Nations. Even with these coordinated attempts, however, versions of the “Names of Indian tribes and bands” register during the last century suffered both exclusions from, and an addition to, the original document from the Office of Indian Affairs.     

青少年信息素养教育研究——以美国CFF计划和巴西“未来学校”项目为例

[目的/意义] 借鉴美国CFF计划和巴西“未来学校”项目的主要理念和手段,以推进我国信息素养教育全面发展。[方法/过程] 通过文献调研法和网络调查法搜集资料,使用个案研究法进行描述性研究。[结果/结论] 结合美国CFF计划和巴西“未来学校”项目的成功经验和我国本土情境,认为我国可以从多方合作营造信息环境、建立健全信息素养教育机制、积极落实教育改革、合理高效的成效评估几方面着手,推进信息素养教育;借鉴国外成功经验,提高我国开展信息素养教育的效能;结合我国本土情境,可以因地制宜,解决实际问题。     

The annual reports of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs: Revisiting the key to the United States Congressional Serial Set, 1824–1920

The Annual Reports of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, for the years 1824 through 1920, described the interactions between the American Indian tribes and the federal government. J. A. Jones (Jones, J. A. (1955). Key to the annual reports of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. Ethnohistory, 2, 58–64). Provided a key to these documents found in the United States Congressional Serial Set, but this tool contained a number of errors. This article provides a fresh look at this key, with particular focus upon the availability of these materials through the Readex Serial Set digital collection.     

服务与公平——美国图书馆残疾人服务现状及其启示

美国图书馆在残疾人服务方面凸显了公平特色。它给我们以如下启示：制定相关法律政策;增加便于残疾人利用的馆藏资源;配备方便残疾人的各种设施;安排高素质的专门服务人员;做好各种细节服务。     

2000-2011年中国图情研究主题的“变”与“不变”——以《图书情报工作》刊发的论文为样本

以《图书情报工作》2000-2011年刊发的论文为样本,以高频词和知识图谱为考察视角,发现图书馆学情报学相对"不变"的主题域主要有5个:数字图书馆、学科信息服务、竞争情报与知识管理、图书馆学与情报学理论研究和文献计量学研究。以关键词历年频次变化为考察视角,分别挖掘出最近6年新兴主题、增幅明显主题、消失主题及降幅明显主题若干,并筛选出30个左右"突现词"作为最具"变"的意味的关键词,以考察图书馆学情报学的情境性演变。研究发现《图书情报工作》热切关注前沿主题,在某种程度上引领着我国图书馆学情报学的发展方向。     

“互联网+”环境下图书馆跨界融合的实践与模式

[目的/意义]对"互联网+"战略背景下国内图书馆跨界融合的实践进行较为详细的梳理、分析和归纳,总结出图书馆跨界融合的模式、类型和特点,充实图书馆跨界融合的理论并为实践提供借鉴。[方法/过程]综合运用文献调查法、归纳法、案例分析法、观察法等研究方法,对图书馆的跨界融合实践进行研究,归纳出图书馆与互联网的深度融合、与图书出版发行业之间的融合、与网络电商的合作、与信用评估、金融机构相结合、与文化休闲类机构相结合、与其他可提供阅读空间的机构跨界合作等7种跨界方式,以此总结出图书馆跨界融合的具体模式。[结果/结论]图书馆跨界融合的模式主要有：图书馆与互联网的跨界融合、图书馆与相关行业上下游的跨界融合、图书馆与信用、金融机构的跨界融合、图书馆与文化休闲机构的跨界融合等。所有模式的共同点是跨界,但跨界的层次和程度各有不同,从跨界的领域、时限、机构、程度、范围、主动性6个方面进行分类,总结图书馆跨界融合的特点：资源共享、业界范围拓展、利益双赢和文化认同。指出图书馆跨界融合是一种必然的选择,但不要为跨界而跨界,要永葆图书馆服务的初心。     

Ei辅助索引的编制对我国检索工具索引编制的启示

文章介绍美国《工程索引》的辅助索引编制情况,对比我国检索工具索引编制的现状,探讨如何学习借鉴《工程索引》索引编排的优点,改进我国工具书辅助索引编制的不足,以满足用户多种检索途径的需求。     

Spaces of Remembering and Forgetting: The Reverent Eye/I at the Plains Indian Museum An earlier version of this essay was presented at the 2002 convention of the Western States Communication Association.

Museums, memorials, and other historic places are key sites in the construction of collective memory and national identity. The Plains Indian Museum in Cody, Wyoming is one such space of memory where the (pre)history of “America” and its native peoples is told. Based on the view of texts as experiential landscapes, it is argued that this museum works to absolve Anglo-visitors of the social guilt regarding Western conquest through a rhetoric of reverence. This rhetorical mode invites visitors to adopt a respectful, but distanced observational gaze. A concluding section assesses the social and political consequences of memorializing in this mode.     

基于K值算法的图书情报领域“睡美人”文献识别

[目的/意义]鉴于国内对"睡美人"文献研究的不足,介绍一种新的识别"睡美人"文献的方法——K值算法,并利用该算法识别图书情报学（Information Science&Library Science,ISLS）领域的"睡美人"文献。研究对发现ISLS领域科技成果的发明人和倡导者、保护并促进重大科学发现的推广应用等均具有重要意义。[方法/过程]以Web of Science数据库中1988-2007年ISLS领域的3460篇文献为例,构成识别"睡美人"文献的数据集,利用K值算法识别其中的"睡美人"文献,总结ISLS领域"睡美人"文献的特征,并分析其唤醒机制。[结果/结论]结果表明,K值算法能够较好地识别ISLS领域的"睡美人"文献,用该算法从ISLS领域文献中共识别出6篇"睡美人"文献,这些文献的沉睡时长从7-14年不等,其研究内容主要是新方法、新系统在医学上的应用。唤醒上述"睡美人"文献的动因包括：理论和技术的后续发展、系统的商业化、作者后来赢得的声誉、知名学者的引用等。     

卡内基图书馆计划的回眸与反思

安德鲁·卡内基基于对公共图书馆的深刻认识,通过其基金会斥巨资实施卡内基图书馆计划.由于捐助规模的过分庞大和各社区情况的纷繁复杂,在实施过程中出现一些问题,但该计划仍然取得了巨大成功.卡内基图书馆计划是人类历史上史无前例的慈善行为,其取得的成就与成功经验书写了美国和世界公共图书馆发展史上的神话.其借鉴意义是:中国应当建立完善的慈善制度、法律和法规,加强宏观指导和激励措施,加强慈善事业的管理与监督,充分发挥图书馆协(学)会的地位和作用,正确引导富人捐助公共图书馆事业.表2.参考文献12.     

“互联网+”环境下传统馆藏信息服务O2O模式研究

[目的/意义]针对图书馆、博物馆和档案馆（简称"图博档"）等文化遗产机构用户服务渠道阻塞、目标用户接触不充分、馆藏资源利用率低等现实问题,基于"互联网+传统馆藏信息服务"探讨线上至线下服务模式的可行性。[方法/过程]通过文献调研从理论上分析传统模式的滞后性和O2O模式在图博档领域的应用性,并举例说明国内文化遗产机构"线上至线下"服务方式的应用现状。提出传统馆藏O2O信息服务模式,阐释其内涵、要素和形式,并探讨其实际运行情况和服务流程。[结果/结论]文化遗产机构正以主动的姿态适应数字时代变迁,传统馆藏O2O信息服务模式符合这种变化趋势,对开展用户服务和实体馆转型均有助益。     

“政策推动+科技革命”对高校图书馆发展的叠加效应

[目的/意义]分析并把握"双一流"政策推动与科技革命发展对高校图书馆叠加影响的本质、特点及表现，针对性地提出对策建议，构建新形势下高校图书馆资源、环境空间、服务与管理体系，促进叠加效应的正向发展。[方法/过程]引入叠加效应理论，对"双一流"高校图书馆叠加效应概念进行界定，进而分析"政策推动+科技革命"对高校图书馆发展的具体影响及特点，建模叠加效应影响机制图。[结果/结论]高校图书馆自身功能与属性的复合性是叠加效应发挥作用的基础。在把握叠加效应本质和作用机制的基础上，实现高校图书馆以学科为中心的、一流的资源、服务与管理创新。     

“211工程”高校图书馆自动化系统的利用情况调研分析

[目的/意义] 随着信息技术的发展和用户需求的不断扩展,国内外图书馆自动化系统面临升级和转型的问题,有必要对国内高校图书馆现有自动化系统的利用情况进行调查,了解系统现状,提出进一步发展建议。[方法/过程] 运用在线咨询、邮件咨询、电话咨询、文献调研等方法,对“211工程”高校图书馆自动化系统的使用情况进行调研,对比分析2003年-2015年“211工程”高校图书馆自动化系统的变化情况,对有重大变化的图书馆所使用的ILAS、HORIZON、汇文、GDLIS、INTERLIB、ALlEPH等系统进行深入调研,分析其在使用过程中存在的问题及优势。[结果/结论] 调查结果显示,118所“211工程”高校图书馆中,用户数排名前五位的自动化系统分别是汇文、ALEPH、GDLIS、MELINETS和INNOPAC,其中国内的系统汇文、GDLIS、INTERLIB和国外的ALEPH近年来用户显著增多,也有部分系统市场占有率下降或被淘汰。     

“双一流”建设背景下国内财经类高校图书馆学科服务的问题与优化分析

[目的/意义] 探讨"双一流"建设背景下国内首批获准进行一流学科建设的财经类院校图书馆学科服务的现状及在新一轮学科建设中暴露的弊端,提供优化与改进措施以使其更好地服务于一流学科建设。[方法/过程] 以首批获准进行一流学科建设的财经类院校为例,采取网站调查和文献研究方法,发现这些高校图书馆学科馆员制在理念、制度、服务上存在着明显的问题。[结果/结论] 这些高校图书馆需要进行相应的理念优化、制度优化和服务优化,包括制度上的存在性优化和完善性优化以及服务上的对象优化、内容优化、方式优化等。     

中美著名大学图书馆“超期罚款”政策比较及思考

调查中美各8所著名大学图书馆的超期罚款政策,并从政策内容细致程度、政策内容丰富程度、政策罚款力度、政策的可操作性与预期效果四个方面进行了比较与分析,总结出美国大学图书馆超期罚款政策很多值得我们借鉴的地方。最后对于我们是否需要超期罚款政策、我们要从美国大学图书馆学些什么及图书馆服务中应加强与读者的沟通三方面做了一些思考,供国内同行参考。     

The rhetoric of ideological consensus in the United States: American principles and American pose in presidential inaugurals

This essay addresses the need for organizational communication scholarship to come to terms with the contested nature of globalization through analyses of collective resistance. We argue that organizational communication has largely situated the study of resistance at the level of the individual, and characterized it as an element of micro-politics located within organizational boundaries. Thus, resistance has been considered in localized, interpersonal terms, without full appreciation of its political and ideological significance. This essay builds a case for reconsidering resistance in order to study “globalization from below” and highlights protest movements as exemplars of transformative resistance. Finally, the essay advances a study of organizational communication with expanded disciplinary engagement with respect to globalization.     

情报分析服务支撑高校“双一流”建设的实践与思考

[目的/意义]探讨高校图书馆如何在"双一流"建设背景下,紧跟"双一流"建设任务,发挥情报分析服务优势,支撑高校"双一流"建设。[方法/过程]以清华大学图书馆情报分析服务实践为基础,明确图书馆情报分析服务的优势,解析情报分析服务的服务对象、服务内容、工作模式等,启发图书馆开展情报分析服务的思路。[结果/结论]清华大学图书馆情报分析服务的实践证明,在高校"双一流"建设中,图书馆情报分析服务存在很大的需求空间,图书馆需要开拓思路、解放思想、创新形式,发掘出自身不可替代性优势,用发展的眼光、经营的理念对待图书馆事业,才能在"双一流"建设中有效发挥支撑作用。