国外数字图书馆绩效评估研究述评

本文系统地介绍了国外自20世纪90年代中期以来开展的数字图书馆绩效评估研究项目、制定的相关指南／标准、公开发表的相关文献以及取得的初步成果,指出了数字图书馆评估依然面临的挑战。     

从对外封闭到互惠传播--解读独立以来印度电视传媒政策的变迁

印度电视业10余年内的迅速崛起。本文从印度电视传媒政策的变迁入手,对印度电视业崛起的主要原因进行分析。作者认为,印度适应形势的变化,结合国情探索印度特色的传媒发展道路,为其他国家的传媒在全球化形势下如何发展提供了有价值的经验。     

Enhancing the case for Electronic Government in developing nations: A people-centric study focused in Saudi Arabia

The pace of implementing Electronic Government (E-Gov) is rapidly increasing. However, despite high levels of investment, a broad range of applications, and various methods of access relatively low levels of various methods of access, relatively low levels of usage (and even familiarity with e-gov) are still common. For example, in Canada, long recognized as a leader in implementing e-gov, less than 27% of Canadians used E-Gov during the past 12 months and 81% of c non-users report a low level of familiarity with either federal or provincial governmental services available through e-gov (Canada, 2004). Or, consider the showcase e-gov Gyandoot project in the Dhar district in central India, whose population is estimated at 1.7 million. Even after implementing e-gov in a showcase project for the rural poor, a study by the Center for Electronic Governance, Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad concluded that this model of “government to citizen” service delivery has serious sustenance problems (World Bank, 2004). The research reported in this paper takes a step back and focuses on the acceptability of e-gov by individuals. It is a people-centric approach to determine the overall acceptability of e-gov to people in a developing country, Saudi Arabia. Although this research may be generalizable to other situations, the primary intention of this project is to shed light on how to approach and manage implementation projects in developing nations.     

Use of electronic journals in astronomy and astrophysics libraries and information centres in India: A users' perspective

The purpose of this study was to create a substantial body of knowledge about the factors that influence the success of electronic journals, and to share this knowledge with that in the fields of astronomy and astrophysics in order to help facilitate change.

Structured questionnaires for users (Academic Members, Post-Doctoral Fellows and Research Scholars) containing 40 different questions, many of which were further subdivided and framed in order to get information on various aspects of the usage of electronic journals. The purpose was to identify the basic minimum infrastructure necessary to provide users access to electronic journals and to facilitate easy response in all major A&A organizations in India.

The increasing use of the electronic information-seeking environment has produced changes in the practice of science. Significant research has been conducted already on the impact of new information and communication technologies on scholarly work.

This study was limited to astronomy and astrophysics libraries and information centres in India.

This paper identifies the information needs of the users. Each community and discipline has its own specific legacy of journal structure, reading, publishing, and researching practices, and it will take trial and error to establish which kinds of e-journals are the most effective and useful.

Case study.     

基于目标管理和KPI的图书馆部门岗位绩效考核体系的构建

介绍了国内外图书馆绩效考核制度。根据解放军医学图书馆数据库研发部存在的问题制定了部门年度工作目标和关键绩效指标,设计了部门绩效考核指标体系。试行结果表明,部门绩效考核制度的执行有利于调动员工的工作积极性,有利于促进部门产品生产和改进,有利于保证部门工作目标的顺利实现。     

2004-2013年国内图书馆电子资源绩效评价研究与展望

检索CAJD得到2004-2013年有关图书馆电子资源绩效评价文献591篇,采用文献计量学和文献回顾方法分析,发现国内相关研究主要集中在国外研究项目介绍、评价方法研究、评价指标建立等方面,指出了国内相关研究存在研究力量薄弱、研究内容偏理论化、研究方法缺乏可操作性、研究成果单一等问题,提出了以后应加强合作、重视实践研究。     

高校图书馆数字资源绩效评价体系的建立及数字资源的科学配置

通过建立高校图书馆采访绩效评价机制以及绩效评价体系,探索保证效率与公平的数字资源优化配置模式,结合牡丹江医学院图书馆对数字资源进行的绩效评价,提出了数字资源优化配置方案,供高校图书馆科学配置数字资源。     

Use of Internet services and resources in the engineering colleges of Punjab and Haryana (India): A study

This article reports a survey on the use of Internet services and resources in the engineering colleges of Punjab and Haryana states of India. Data were collected by using a questionnaire and follow-up interviews with Internet users, i.e. teachers and students of engineering colleges. The response rate was 80.8%. Results showed that all the respondents make frequent use of the Internet because they have access either at college or at home. The survey revealed that the majority of the respondents, i.e. 65.6%, access the Internet from college or their workplace. More than 75% of the respondents use the Internet services mainly for educational and research purposes. Google and Yahoo search engines are found to be more widely used than other search engines. More than 70% of the respondents feel that the Internet is useful, informative, easy to use, inexpensive and time saving.     

浅析图书馆职称评定过程中存在的问题与改进思路

文章回顾与总结了近十年来图书馆职称评审中存在的一些问题,分析了问题产生的主客观原因,并提出了改进图书馆职称评定工作的一些思路。     

Surveying scholars’ perceptions of electronic environments: A case study of university libraries in Kerala (India)

This study was conducted to investigate research scholars’ perceptions of the information sources, services and infrastructures in university libraries in Kerala. A survey questionnaire was sent to research scholars working in four universities. The study revealed that the organization of resources and services in university libraries is not fully oriented towards supporting the process of research, and scholars were not satisfied with existing primary resources and personalized services. The study provides recommendations to enhance research-oriented library resources and services.     

Digital infrastructure and attitudes towards access and sharing: A case study of selected engineering libraries in the Maharashtra state of India

This article includes a brief profile of selected engineering libraries in Maharashtra state of India and discusses salient issues related to strategic cooperation and consortia, with particular focus on the current situation. It examines the structural, financial and technical factors that have compelled the academic libraries to think about the formation of statewide consortia. The author surveyed forty-nine libraries to get an idea about the current status and explored the possibilities of forming regional consortia with a mission to enhance access to information and knowledge through cooperation for benefit of the engineering communities. The focus is on librarians' perceptions/opinion on the formation of state level consortia; ICT infrastructure; users' needs; collection development policies and the services provided by engineering libraries to the community.     

高职院校图书馆绩效评价研究——以宁波某高职院校图书馆为例

文章以宁波市某高职院校图书馆为研究对象,调查该图书馆2005 - 2010年间的绩效变化状况.结果表明,2005-2010年绩效分布呈现出逐年上升趋势,综合指数从2005年的18.33上升至2010年的82.52,与实际情况基本相符.结果提示,对图书馆绩效评价应坚持定性与定量分析相结合的方法,要以科学发展观统领图书馆发展,加大政府投入,建立科学规范的图书馆绩效管理机制,优化资源配置,走内涵发展道路,以实现低投入高产出的图书馆绩效.     

Application of adaptive boosting (AdaBoost) in demand-driven acquisition (DDA) prediction: A machine-learning approach

Demand-driven acquisition (DDA) programs are playing an increasingly important role in academic libraries. However, the literature surrounding this topic illustrates the wide-ranging, and frequently unpredictable, results of DDA implementation. As uncertainty abounds, librarians continue to seek out deeper understandings of those processes driving the use and purchase of DDA materials. Implicit in this search is a desire to understand how local environmental factors and user preferences dictate broader collection use and purchasing patterns. A small number of these studies have sought deeper insights through predictive modeling, though success has been limited. Following this line of inquiry, this study explores how machine learning might enable more effective collection development and management strategies through the predictive modeling of complex collection use and purchasing patterns. This research describes a replicable implementation of an adaptive boosting (AdaBoost) model that predicts the likelihood of DDA titles being triggered for purchase. The predictive capacity of this model is compared against a more traditional logistic regression model. This study's results show that the AdaBoost model possesses much higher predictive capacity than a regression-based model informed by the same set of predictors. The AdaBoost algorithm, once trained with local DDA data, provides accurate predictions in 82% of cases.     

公共图书馆治理结构现状分析——以当代西方国家公共文化管理体制转型为背景

当前西方各国的公共文化管理体制正经历着从单一模式向双重模式的转变,由此必然对作为公共文化重要组成部分的公共图书馆及其治理结构产生深远的影响。伴随着西方国家公共文化管理体制的深刻转型,西方国家公共图书馆治理结构正呈现出与以往不同的显著特点,其主要表现为:治理单元、设置主体、建设主体、管理主体、实施主体的传统界定正在发生变化,原来泾渭分明的界限正日趋模糊,整合与相互包容的趋势日趋明显。     

Crowdsourcing civility: A natural experiment examining the effects of distributed moderation in online forums

Participation in discussions about the public interest can be enhanced by technology, but can also create an environment in which participants are overwhelmed by the quantity, quality, and diversity of information and arguments. Political participation is at a greater disadvantage than non-political activities in that participants from different parties already start out with established differences, which requires them to reach some form of common ground before progress can be made. Those seeking authentic deliberation are discouraged to participate when confronted with uncivil and inflammatory rhetoric. These issues are often exacerbated in online discussions, where lack of identity cues and low barriers to entry can lead to heightened incivility between participants, often labeled as “flaming” and “trolling”. This paper explores the extent to which moderator systems, tools online discussion forums use to manage contributions, can reduce information overload and encourage civil conversations in virtual discussion spaces. Using the popular website Slashdot as an example of sound moderation in a public discourse setting, we found that users move toward consensus about which and how comments deserve to be moderated. Using these findings, we explore how transferable these systems are for participation in public matters specifically to the unique attributes of political discussion. Slashdot's political forum provides a comparison group that allowed us to find quantitative and qualitative differences in political posting, comments, and moderation. Our results show that large scale, civil participation is possible with a distributed moderation system that enables regularly lively debates to be conducted positively because the system provides tools for people to enforce norms of civility.     

The impact of the national performance review and other forces on the rights of an informed citizenry: A case study in reinvention—reforming government publishing

Title 44 of the United States Code, containing the law governing the printing, publication, dissemination, and access to government publications, was written over 100 years ago. In the past decade, this law has come under attack, undermining the ability of the American citizenry to be fully informed about the activities of the federal government. This article examines the needed reforms to Title 44 and other legislative initiatives required to ensure the right of the citizenry to be informed.     

Evaluating E-resource Collections in a Business School Library: A Comparative Study of Aggregator Packages at Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad Library

The need to continuously evaluate resource usage, whether in print or online, has been a challenge for libraries for a long time. The shift in resources to digital formats has made gauging the utility of resources more convenient as well as enabling cross database comparisons on various parameters. In this context, the article explores the aggregator databases subscribed by Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad library. The study compares EBSCO's Business Source Complete, EBSCO's Academic Search Premier, Proquest's ABI INFORM Complete, JSTOR, and Project Muse packages in terms of the features available, usage, and the most used journals in these packages.     

Fractional counting of citations in research evaluation: A cross- and interdisciplinary assessment of the Tsinghua University in Beijing

In the case of the scientometric evaluation of multi- or interdisciplinary units one risks to compare apples with oranges: each paper has to be assessed in comparison to an appropriate reference set. We suggest that the set of citing papers can be considered as the relevant representation of the field of impact. In order to normalize for differences in citation behavior among fields, citations can be fractionally counted proportionately to the length of the reference lists in the citing papers. This new method enables us to compare among units with different disciplinary affiliations at the paper level and also to assess the statistical significance of differences among sets. Twenty-seven departments of the Tsinghua University in Beijing are thus compared. Among them, the Department of Chinese Language and Linguistics is upgraded from the 19th to the second position in the ranking. The overall impact of 19 of the 27 departments is not significantly different at the 5% level when thus normalized for different citation potentials.     

American Indian treaties in the Courts of Claims: A guide to treaty citations from opinions of the United States Courts of Claims

Since 1855, the federal Courts of Claims have provided relief for citizens in cases against the United States. President Abraham Lincoln, in his first annual message in 1861, declared his support for such a process: “It is as much the duty of government to render prompt justice against itself, in favor of citizens, as it is to administer the same between private individuals” [Message of the President. (1862). Appendix to The Congressional Globe, 37th Congress, 2d session, 3 December 1861, p. 2].