理解教学视域下的学校体育教学模式建构

理解教学是近几年提出的一种新的教学观念,它强调理解在教学实践活动中的价值,其基础是当代理解观在具体教学活动中的应用。当代理解观既接受了理解的一般意义,也吸纳了当代哲学解释学关于理解的有益见解。这里的理解不只是局限于学生对文本知识的理解,而是拓展到了学生与教师的相互理解,学生与学生间的相互理解以及各自的自我理解,这种理     

数学理解的六种维度观及其启示

一直以来,数学学习强调理解,理解是学好数学的关键。很多研究者对数学理解的内涵进行了深入的分析,也提出了数学理解的不同类型。纵向的水平反映了数学理解的深度,横向的维度刻画了数学理解的多样性,它们结合在一起可以共同表现学习者对数学理解的真实状态。     

理解的六种维度观——知识理解的新视角

促进学生的理解是教育的终极目标。UbD 理论新近提出的"理解的六个维度"(即解释、释义、应用、洞察、移情和自知),详细阐述了理解每个维度的功能、特点和表现,有助于我们更好地理解"理解"。理解的多种维度观不仅理清了理解与知识的关系,区分了表层理解和深层理解,而且还体现出认知与情感的协调统一,突出了学习者自我调节的重要性。     

七年级学生数学理解水平的调查研究——以“科学记数法”为例

数学学习重在理解,但教学中发现学生对科学记数法的理解却处于较低的水平,这不利于学生未来相关学科学习.对此,基于“记忆性理解、解释性理解和探究性理解”的数学理解水平框架设计了相关测试问卷,调查七年级学生数学理解水平的达成情况.发现:学生对科学记数法的数学理解水平基本达到了记忆性理解水平,解释性理解水平处于中等位置,探究性理解水平的培养任重道远.对此,提出教师在教学中要重视数学理解的深度发展;多元视角下关注数学理解;发挥数学理解的价值意义.     

教师教学理解的事象与路向

教师的教学理解来源于教学实践,教师对教学理解的广度和深度在一定程度上反映了教师教学的层次与水平。教师的教学理解可分为三个层次和类型,即技术意义的教师教学理解、方法论意义的教师教学理解和实践论意义的教师教学理解,它既在纵向层面反映了教师教学理解的发展过程和层次,也在横向层面表现了教师教学理解的不同类型。教师教学理解的多维事象表现为对教学内容的整体性理解、教学形式的多向性理解和教学活动的反思性理解,其实现路向包括坚持传统与现代相结合的教学理解取向、规范与德性相契合的教学理解原则以及保守与批判相统一的教学理解过程。     

高中生三角公式理解的实证研究——以上海为例

近几十年来,国内外学者就理解的分类及层次提出了各种理论与观点.以工具性理解、关系性理解和创新性理解这3种理解层次为视角,研究上海高中学生对三角公式的理解情况.基于调查与测试,发现学生的工具性理解质量总体较好,但在关系性理解的多个方面均显出不足.研究者同时设计了一个有助于考察创新性理解的任务系列,并借此初步揭示了学生的一些表现特征.研究亦发现,相对于高一学生,高三学生在关系性理解与创新性理解的某些方面更具优势,同时他们对公式的理解表现出更多工具性的特点.     

推进国际理解教育能力建设 共建东北亚和平文化——2012年东北亚国际理解教育能力建设研讨会综述

东北亚国际理解教育研讨会上,与会人员交流了各国国际理解教育开展的状况,分享了最佳实践案例,探讨了促进国际理解教育能力建设和整合国际理解教育资源的策略,形成了加强东北亚国际理解教育能力建设途径与方法的共识。     

理解标准析论?

哲学解释学视野中的理解主要不是对语言性文本的理解,而是历史意义、存在意义的宣示,这一理论逻辑内在地取消了理解标准问题;后现代解释学主观地取消了理解标准问题;解释学(狭义)的理解是对语言性文本的理解,理解的直接目的是把握文本意义。理解存在是否正确的问题,检验理解是否正确的标准应当是文本意义,即作者通过文本符号所表达的思想,而不能以文本的字面意义、作者的主观意图、作者的自我理解、理解者的自我理解、权威的理解、共同认可、客观实践或理解的“实践”为检验标准。理解的标准具有客观性,应用标准检验的过程包含主观性。     

数学理解说及其理论与课程意义

关于数学理解,学者们提出三种观点:一是网络联系说,即理解是表征网络的生成;二是表征转化说,即理解是实现表征之间的转化和建立表征之间的联系;三是类型层次说,即理解有直观理解、程序理解、抽象理解和形式理解等类型层次。这三种观点都基于认知心理学的表征理论,都认为理解是一个动态的行进过程。数学理解研究的理论意义在于,明晰了数学理解的内涵,深化了对数学理解的认识;而它的课程意义在于,可以而且应该基于学生的理解水平,制定适切的课程目标,促进有理解地教与学。     

运用是理解的途径

在阅读教学中,理解是运用的前提和基础,运用是理解的归宿和检测。但很多知识倘若等到完全理解了再去运用,显然为时已晚。我们说理解是运用的基础,运用是理解的目标,绝不意味着一切知识都要等待理解了才去运用。无数事实表明,知识运用是知识理解的重要途径。     

论理解教学的实现形式

作为一种新的教学形态,理解教学已引起国内外教育学者、一线教师的关注, 并开始进入课堂教学领域。理解教学主要有反思型理解和对话型理解两种实现形式。反思型理解是以反思为主要手段的教学理解,主要表现是师生的理解自我;对话型理解是以对话为主要手段的教学理解,表现为师生对话式理解、生生对话式理解和生本对话式理解。     

心理健康、领悟社会支持和复原力关系研究

旨在研究复原力在大学生心理健康与领悟社会支持间的中介效应。随机抽取600名大学生为研究对象,以一般健康问卷、领悟社会支持量表以及大学生复原力量表为研究工具,采用SPSS16.0进行分析。结果表明,大学生心理健康与领悟社会支持存在显著负相关;复原力与领悟社会支持存在显著正相关;大学生心理健康与复原力存在显著负相关;复原力在大学生心理健康与领悟社会支持间存在部分中介效应。     

Students’ understanding of a groundwater system and attitudes towards groundwater use and conservation

The purpose of this study was to investigate students’ understanding of groundwater as a system, and to further examine whether and how their understanding is related to attitudes towards groundwater use and conservation. A total of 676 junior high school students completed a groundwater survey including a drawing activity and a questionnaire. An additional group of university students with environmental science majors were recruited for the survey for the purpose of determining reasonable expectations and validating interpretations of the results. Analysis of student drawings indicated that students generally held an incomplete and unconnected understanding of the groundwater system. Correlation analysis showed that student levels of understanding were associated with their perceptions of environmental impacts as well as environmental concern regarding groundwater problems. These findings re-emphasised the importance of promoting students’ understanding of environmental systems, as well as their ability to think systemically.     

对当代绘画在高校油画教学中的再认识

当代绘画是美术专业学生学习内容的重要组成部分,但在教学中学生往往出现知识片面、理论薄弱、表现语言匮乏等现象,因此引导学生对当代绘画的理解认识是一个长期的、深入的过程,教师应该在教学过程中尽量让学生多接触和理解当代绘画,这对启发学生创造性思维、提高绘画技巧、形成个人风格有重要的作用。     

浅谈“理解”中的教育意蕴——基于哲学解释学“理解”观点

哲学解释学揭示的是人类精神活动中的＂理解＂。教育通过理解培育人的精神,形成人的整体发展。教育者应通过对学生前经验、课程等的理解建构教育意义并使之与受教育者的精神发生关联,进而通过学生自己的理解建构意义,目的是促进学生个体精神的成长。因此,理解是学生真正与教育发生意义关联的方式,理解扩展着学生的精神世界。     

Thinking Like a Scientist: Using Vee-Maps to Understand Process and Concepts in Science

It is considered important for students to participate in scientific practices to develop a deeper understanding of scientific ideas. Supporting students, however, in knowing and understanding the natural world in connection with generating and evaluating scientific evidence and explanations is not easy. In addition, writing in science can help students to understand such connections as they communicate what they know and how they know it. Although tools such as vee-maps can scaffold students?? efforts to design investigations, we know less about how these tools support students in connecting scientific ideas with the evidence they are generating, how these connections develop over time, or how writing can be used to encourage such connections. In this study, we explored students?? developing ability to reason scientifically by examining the relationship between students?? understanding of scientific phenomena and their understanding of how to generate and evaluate evidence for their ideas in writing. Three high school classes completed three investigations. One class used vee-mapping each time, one used vee-mapping once, and one did not use vee-mapping. Students?? maps and written reports were rated for understanding of relevant science procedural and conceptual ideas. Comparisons between groups and over time indicate a positive relationship between improved procedural and conceptual understanding. Findings also indicate that improved procedural understanding preceded improved conceptual understanding, and thus, multiple experiences were needed for students to connect evidence and explanation for science phenomena.     

The Influence of Toy Design Activities on Middle School Students’ Understanding of the Engineering Design Processes

The societal demand for inspiring and engaging science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) students and preparing our workforce for the emerging creative economy has necessitated developing students’ self-efficacy and understanding of engineering design processes from as early as elementary school levels. Hands-on engineering design activities have shown the potential to promote middle school students’ self-efficacy and understanding of engineering design processes. However, traditional classrooms often lack hands-on engineering design experiences, leaving students unprepared to solve real-world design problems. In this study, we introduce the framework of a toy design workshop and investigate the influence of the workshop activities on students’ understanding of and self-efficacy beliefs in engineering design. Using a mixed method approach, we conducted quantitative analyses to show changes in students’ engineering design self-efficacy and qualitative analyses to identify students’ understanding of the engineering design processes. Findings show that among the 24 participants, there is a significant increase in students’ self-efficacy beliefs after attending the workshop. We also identified major themes such as design goals and prototyping in students’ understanding of engineering design processes. This research provides insights into the key elements of middle school students’ engineering design learning and the benefits of engaging middle school students in hands-on toy design workshops.     

数学理解的三种基本形态及教学启示

数学理解包括三种基本形态,即:记忆性理解、解释性理解和探究性理解,这三种数学理解分别对应着“记得、晓得和明得”三种不同的状态。三种数学理解对数学学习都是有价值的,但仅有记忆性和解释性理解是不够的,探究性理解才是数学教学的最终目标。实践中,不少水平不高的教师常常只能让学生达到记忆性理解,有一定水平的教师能让学生达到解释性理解,真正让学生达到探究性理解的教师并不是很多。教师要不失时机地促进学生数学理解层级的迭代升级,促使学生最终达到探究性理解,吴文俊院士数学学习的经验对把握数学理解的三种基本形态有借鉴和启迪意义。在课堂教学中引导学生从事生动活泼的数学探索性活动常常是一个相当艰难的过程,对教师的数学探究素质提出了较高的要求,教师应努力引导学生去探求数学知识的意义和发现的过程,促使学生数学探究性理解方式的养成。     

The effects of explanation-driven inquiry on students’ conceptual understanding of redox

ABSTRACT

The study that is the subject of this paper tested the effects of EDI (explanation-driven inquiry) on students’ redox conceptual understanding and their misconceptions. Two classes of 119 10th grade high school students were involved. Two groups of students in the same school were chosen. One class that was taught by EDI teaching was set as the treatment group and another class that received conventional teaching was set as the control group. Students’ conceptual understanding was measured by a standardised instrument, and the students’ misconceptions were compared. The analysis of covariance showed that EDI teaching had significant effects on students’ redox conceptual understanding, and the results of the chi-square test demonstrated that students’ conceptual understanding level was improved by using EDI teaching. Also, after comparing the two groups of students’ misconceptions of redox, the results indicated that the students’ misconceptions changed toward deeper conceptual understanding in the treatment group that used EDI. Finally, some suggestions were made on how to implement EDI in the classroom.     

Conceptions of Memorizing and Understanding in Learning,and Self-Efficacy Held by University Biology Majors

This study aims to explore Taiwanese university students’ conceptions of learning biology as memorizing or as understanding, and their self-efficacy. To this end, two questionnaires were utilized to survey 293 Taiwanese university students with biology-related majors. A questionnaire for measuring students’ conceptions of memorizing and understanding was validated through an exploratory factor analysis of participants’ responses. As for the questionnaire regarding the students’ biology learning self-efficacy (BLSE), an exploratory factor analysis revealed a total of four factors including higher-order cognitive skills (BLSE-HC), everyday application (BLSE-EA), science communication (BLSE-SC), and practical works (BLSE-PW). The results of the cluster analysis according to the participants’ conceptions of learning biology indicated that students in the two major clusters either viewed learning biology as understanding or possessed mixed-conceptions of memorizing and understanding. The students in the third cluster mainly focused on memorizing in their learning while the students in the fourth cluster showed less agreement with both conceptions of memorizing and understanding. This study further revealed that the conception of learning as understanding was positively associated with the BLSE of university students with biology-related majors. However, the conception of learning as memorizing may foster students’ BLSE only when such a notion co-exists with the conception of learning with understanding.