建筑企业自主创新能力评价

从建筑企业自主创新能力的内涵出发,建立建筑企业自主创新能力评价指标体系,应用熵值法为该指标体的各层次指标赋权,运用多重模糊综合评价法对建筑企业自主技术创新能力进行综合评价,最后,以湖南某建筑企业为对象进行实证分析.     

我国应急产业发展的技术支撑能力评价研究

产业的发展离不开科学技术的支撑,客观、科学地评价产业技术支撑能力对于我国产业的持续健康发展有着重要的意义。我国应急产业还处于起步阶段,技术支撑能力是提升其应急救援能力的关键。本研究从技术投入、技术研发、技术产出和技术服务四个方面构建我国应急产业技术支撑能力评价指标,运用主成份分析法对我国31个省市的技术支撑能力进行实证评价和比较分析,结果表明我国应急技术支撑能力存在严重的区域差异。最后,结合研究的结果提出了提高我国应急产业技术支撑能力的建议。     

基于多元对应分析的区域自主创新能力评价

运用多元对应分析方法对我国六大行政区域自主创新能力进行评价.重点分析行政区域、自主创新投入和自主创新产出三者的对应关系.以多元对应分析图的形式揭示出我国六大行政区域在自主创新投入和产出上的差距,为促进我国区域自主创新能力的平衡发展提供依据.     

An increasing of the efficiency of microbiological synthesis of 1,3-propanediol from crude glycerol by the concentration of biomass

Background1,3-Propanodiol (1,3-PD), is used in the production of polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), an aromatic polyester that exhibits high elastic recoveries. It is also employed as a supplement with low solidification properties, a solvent and a lubricant in the formof propylene glycol. 1,3-PD is effectively synthesized by a microbiological way from crude glycerol. The main problem of this technology is using a high concentration of glycerol, which is a limiting factor for bacteria cells growth (especially in batch fermentation).ResultsIn this work, the influence of different glycerol concentration in batch fermentation on Clostridium butyricum DSP1 metabolism was investigated. The biomass was concentrated for two times with the use of membrane module (in case of increasing kinetic parameters). Increased optical density of bacteria cells six times increased the productivity of 1,3-PD in cultivation with 20 g/L of glycerol at the beginning of the process, and more than two times in cultivation with 60–80 g/L. Also the possibility of complete attenuation of 140 g/L of crude glycerol in the batch fermentation was investigated. During the cultivation, changes of protein profiles were analyzed. The most significant changes were observed in the cultivation in the medium supplemented with 80 g/L of glycerol. They related mainly to the DNA protein reconstructive systems, protective proteins (HSP), and also the enzymatic catalysts connected with glycerol metabolic pathway.ConclusionsThe application of filtration module in batch fermentation of crude glycerol by C. butyricum DSP1 significantly increased the productivity of the process.     

新型工业化过程中科技有效支持能力评价研究

科学技术的进步与创新在新型工业化道路上是至关重要的,在应用DEA数学模型的基础上,建立一套适当的指标来完成对新型工业化的建设中科技有效支持能力的评价,并以一个实例来验证本评价研究。     

科研院所科技成果转化能力的多目标评价研究

通过分析科研院所科技成果转化的现状、特点以及其他对科技成果转化的研究成果,结合多目标评价方法,从内部资源条件、科研投入、科研产出和宏观环境认知等4个维度建立评价指标体系,采用模糊层次分析法和专家打分对各层指标进行权重设定,采用灰色评价法建立模型,在分析科技成果转化影响因素的基础上,结合科研院所现状,对其转化能力进行多目标综合性评价,找出制约科研院所科技成果转化的深层原因,提高科技成果转化效率。     

三种数值方法在几种六道木分类中的应用

   In the last 10—20 years there has bee n increasing awareness of the problem con- cerning the aims and practices of taxonomy.  In particular, there has been growing interest in the development of numerical methods in biological taxonomy as an aid to making systematics a quantitative science, a step which comes in time to almost every scientific discipline.       Numerical taxonomy is the evaluation by numerical methods of the affinity or  similarity between taxonomic units and the employment of these affinities in erecting a hierarchic order of taxa.  The present rapid development of these ideas is presuma- bly a result of the development of computer techniques.       Numerical taxonomic approach has been applied to the studies of entomology and microbiology in China to some extent since 1975. But so far it hasn’t been commonly used in botany.  The present report is a preliminary study on 9 spp. of the genus Abelia.  A set of binary data with 54 characters  is  used  for  computing association coefficient; and a set of quantitative data with 47 characters for distance coefficient and correlation coefficient. For the mathematical models were chosen the non-metric  simple matching association coefficient, the geometrical distance of Riemannian space and correlation coefficient.  Computational procedures are stepwise presented in detail and computer programmes are written in the background of Algol-60 language. Cluster analysis is compared with simple linkage,  average  linkage  and multi-correlation.      The results of DC and CC for 9 spp. of Abelia agree closely with the traditional taxonomy, because the data we collected mainly come from morphological characters. It would seem that the results of quantita tive data are more appropriate for  seed plants.  It is, therefore, postulated that our programes are complementary and very useful to a wide range of classification entities, such as microbes, animals and plants in present situation in China.      In conclusion, a comparison between the  conventional taxonomy  and  numerical taxonomy has been made, and a brief discussion of three problems, i.e. the monothetic versus polythetic, divisive versus agglomerative, weighting versus unweighting.       

推动风险投资发展,提高自主创新能力

总结了我国风险投资现状及所起的作用;分析了当前我国风险投资面临的重大发展机遇,特别是实施自主创新战略带来的巨大的发展空间;提出了发展风险投资、促进自主创新能力提升的五项对策。     

Lactobacillus acidophilus Protected Organs in Experimental Arthritis by Regulating the Pro-inflammatory Cytokines

Arthritis is an inflammatory disease of joints. Exact etiology of the disease is not understood yet; but histopathological examination of vital organs like liver, kidney, ovary and knee joint can anticipate immune mediated damage. In this study, Lactobacillus acidophilus was administered orally by both prophylactic and curative protocol in freund’s complete adjuvant induced arthritic rats. Indomethacin was used as standard anti-arthritic drug. Histopathology of liver, kidney, ovary and right hind knee joint were done. Cytokine concentrations were determined by using ELISA. Effects shown by L. acidophilus were comparable with indomethacin. Histopathological analysis of liver, kidney, ovaries and knee joints of L. acidophilus fed groups revealed significantly less damage as compared with other counterparts. Lactobacillus treatment has down-regulated pro-inflammatory level and up-regulated anti-inflammatory cytokines level in serum samples. L. acidophilus managed organs damage associated with arthritis. It has significantly down regulated the pro-inflammatory cytokines.     

企业科研项目申报人员的职业能力评价与培养

随着中央财政科技计划管理改革的不断深化,以及地方科技创新体制的改革创新,科研基金申报竞争日益剧增。建立高效的科技创新机制,引进、评估与培养德才兼备的科研项目申报人员,成为项目申报成功的关键。项目申报人员需要具备政策研究、沟通协调、组织管理、报告编制等业务技能,对申报人员进行基本职业素养、业务技能、再创新能力等方面进行有的放矢的培养,能够提升申报人员的核心职业能力,稳定人才团队,推动企业科技创新。     

Oxidative foliar photo-necrosis produced by the bacteria Pseudomonas cedrina

BackgroundAlthough bioactive metabolites capable of causing oxidative photo-necrosis in plant tissues have been identified in fungi, little is known about this type of mechanism in bacteria. These metabolites act as photosensitizers that generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) capable of causing damage to cells. In addition, these metabolites can pass into an energetically excited state when they receive some luminous stimulus, a condition in which they interact with other molecules present in the environment, such as molecular oxygen (O₂), also known as triplet oxygen (³O₂), generating ROS.ResultsThe suspension of the bacterial culture of Pseudomonas cedrina was shown to produce foliar necrosis in papaya leaves (Carica papaya L.) only in the presence of sunlight, which is evidence of photosensitizing mechanisms that generate singlet oxygen (¹O₂). From the chemical study of extracts obtained from this bacteria, 3-(4-(2-carboxipropyl) phenyl) but-2-enoic acid (1) was isolated. This compound, in the presence of light and triplet oxygen (³O₂), was able to oxidize ergosterol to its peroxide, since it acted as a photosensitizer producing ¹O₂, with which it was corroborated that a photosensitization reaction occurs, mechanism by which this bacterium could prove to cause oxidative foliar photo-necrosis.ConclusionsP. cedrina was able to induce oxidative foliar photo-necrosis because of its potential ability to produce photosensitizing metabolites that generate singlet oxygen in the plants it colonizes. Based on the above, it can be proposed that some bacteria can cause oxidative foliar photo-necrosis as an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of host species.How to cite: Mendoza G, Sánchez-Tafolla L, Trigos A. Oxidative foliar photo-necrosis produced by the bacteria Pseudomonas cedrina. Electron J Biotechnol 2020;44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2020.01.007     

Microfluidic concentration of bacteria by on-chip electrophoresis

In this contribution, we present a system for efficient preconcentration of pathogens without affecting their viability. Development of miniaturized molecular diagnostic kits requires concentration of the sample, molecule extraction, amplification, and detection. In consequence of low analyte concentrations in real-world samples, preconcentration is a critical step within this workflow. Bacteria and viruses exhibit a negative surface charge and thus can be electrophoretically captured from a continuous flow. The concept of phaseguides was applied to define gel membranes, which enable effective and reversible collection of the target species. E. coli of the strains XL1-blue and K12 were used to evaluate the performance of the device. By suppression of the electroosmotic flow both strains were captured with efficiencies of up to 99%. At a continuous flow of 15 μl/min concentration factors of 50.17 ± 2.23 and 47.36 ± 1.72 were achieved in less than 27 min for XL1-blue and K12, respectively. These results indicate that free flow electrophoresis enables efficient concentration of bacteria and the presented device can contribute to rapid analyses of swab-derived samples.     

通过健全科研信用制度增强自主创新能力

在科技投入增多、创新意识提高的情况下,科研信用缺失产生的不端行为越来越严重地影响创新能力的提高.要增强创新能力和核心竞争力,必须推进科研项目信用管理的制度创新.为此,应实行科研项目全过程契约化管理,规范项目执行者、评价者和管理者的行为,完善科研项目评审和成果鉴定制度;建立以信用安全保障号码为基础的个人基本账户,采用复式记账法制作科研项目财务报表等方法,健全科研项目经费监管制度;建立科研人员信用信息评价指标体系.改进科研人员信用评价方法,完善科研人员信用评价制度;建立健全科研项目执行者、评价者和管理者失信行为惩戒制度.     

提高国土资源对可持续发展保障能力(摘要)

适应加入WTO后我国国土资源管理面临的新形势、新任务、新要求,核心是要提高国土资源对经济社会可持续发展的保障.为此,要努力满足经济社会发展对土地、矿产和海洋资源的需求,为实现第三步战略目标做好必要的资源准备;要努力推进国土资源要素市体系的培育和规范,优化国土资源配置,依法维护国土资源利用秩序和资源所有者、使用者的合法权益;要努力深化改革,建立完善国土资源管理体制、机制、法制,全面提高国土资源调查、规划、管理、保护与合理利用水平.     

如何实现模仿创新能力到协同创新能力的跃迁

面对快速变化的环境，企业如何内化情境信息突破创新能力刚性枷锁以在激烈的市场竞争中保持竞争优势？现有研究尚缺乏严谨的学术分析。本文基于组织惯例二维观视角深入探索企业创新能力的构建机制，理清了企业构建差异化创新能力的根源，并打开了组织惯例内生性变革的黑箱。研究表明：（1）基于情境的组织惯例启示面的形成代表组织对情境差异化的理解和内化过程，是导致企业构建差异化创新能力的根源；（2）组织惯例借助其启示面和执行面的结构二元性随环境变化及时更新是推动企业创新能力突破刚性枷锁的关键；（3）环境不确定性为创新能力的构建和发展提供了情境需求，促使企业创新能力实现由“模仿创新能力”到“自主创新能力”再到“协同创新能力”的不断跃迁。     

设计院提升工程总承包能力的系统动力学思考

针对我国设计院企业如何提高工程总承包能力、改善竞争环境的问题,运用系统动力学理论,借助道格拉斯生产函数,根据设计院企业自身的特点,阐明了影响发展工程总承包能力各因素的因果关系,构造了系统动力学模型,并通过分析模型提出了一定的政策建议。     

嵌入性对企业技术机会识别能力影响的实证分析

从信息流动的角度,认为技术机会识别就是企业对外部信息搜集、加工处理、评估的过程.在理论分析的基础上,提出了嵌入性时技术机会识别过程的假设.借助于统计学软件,运用多元回归分析的方法对实证搜集的数据进行了分析.分析结果揭示了嵌入性对企业技术机会识别能力的作用机理.研究结论对提高企业技术预见能力具有一定的实践意义.     

中小学田径队教练员执教能力评价因素分析

从我国中小学田径教练员执教能力角度入手,深入分析和探讨中小学田径教练员应具备的执教能力素质因素,旨在为加强中小学田径教练员执教能力建设,加快我国中小学田径教练员队伍的发展,推动中小学田径运动训练的进程.