Some salient points from the report “No Limits to Learning”

Congratulations to SEFI on the choice of subject and on the quality of the 70 papers delivered. The title is both brave — as it implies self-criticism on the part of those who train engineers — and very up-to-date at a time when everybody — politicians, decision-makers, administrators, economists, scientists, as well as international institutions such as the World Bank — agrees upon the primordial importance of human resources and training.     

那画那花——浅析《纪念爱米丽的一朵玫瑰花》中的象征主义

《纪念爱米丽的一朵玫瑰花》是美国著名作家福克纳一篇很有特色很具阅读性的短篇小说,评论界对其痴迷程度远远超出作者的想象。其中所运用的象征主义一向为人称道。本文从小说中最有典型意义的三个具有象征意义的画面谈起,从艾米丽其人、其家庭环境和其文化出身三个方面层层跌进阐述了艾米丽这一大家闺秀悲剧一生的根源。     

对参考文献中增刊著录的探讨

增刊是在正刊之外出版的连续出版物,但《信息与文献参考文献著录规则GB/T 7714—2015》对增刊著录格式没有明确规定。参考文献中增刊著录不规范的问题非常普遍,主要体现为增刊期号和页码的著录形式不同。分析其原因,主要体现为不同期刊和数据库对增刊期号和页码的标志不同。因此提出规范增刊著录的建议,使作者和编辑有例可循。     

社会分工：唯物史观形成和发展的逻辑起点

社会分工是马克思哲学的一个重要理论范畴,是马克思用以考察和研究人类社会尤其是资本主义社会的一个基本立足点和重要方法论,同时也是科学把握和深刻理解马克思历史哲学思想的理论枢纽。从某种意义上来说,探讨社会分工是马克思敲开人类社会＂历史之谜＂大门的最有力的叩击。首先,社会分工是马克思深入考察人类社会结构和系统描述社会历史进程的＂切入点＂,是马克思创立唯物史观的基础和新的出发点;其次,社会分工是马克思研究世界历史形成的特有＂视角＂,并借此科学地预见了未来人类历史发展的更高形态——共产主义社会;最后,社会分工是马克思考察现实的人的发展历程的基本方法论＂支点＂,并找到了一条消灭异化和私有制的人的自由全面发展的道路——消灭分工。     

Changing tune: reconceptualizing music with under three year olds

Recent years have seen a rapid increase in opportunities for very young children in the UK to participate in musical activity. These opportunities are provided by a range of music professionals who are expanding their work into the early years sector. Support for this increase in early childhood music draws on recent research into aspects of musicality, fuelling a growing conviction that music is developmentally beneficial. This article, while not implying any diminution in the potential value of music in the upbringing of very young children, calls for a more rigorous and critical use of research evidence. The main argument presented is that research evidence is being used discriminately to divert attention onto the transferable benefits of music into domains such as basic skills—music as means—rather than direct attention to musicality as it is manifest in earliest childhood. The article draws on ideas evolved in practice during an action‐research project which aimed to develop arts practice in early childhood settings. The project team of artists—recruited from a range of disciplinary backgrounds, including music—gradually developed a generic model of improvisatory arts activity which emphasized dynamic temporal‐spatial activity. This model of practice connected with the corpuses of recent research into infant musicality at points which, I will argue, are more congruent with their findings than the discriminatory readings. The revised model is further discussed and expanded with reference to some priorities and theoretical positions which are currently influential in early childhood arts practice.     

浅论高校图书馆的功能

图书馆、师资、实验室是高校的三大支柱 ,是衡量高校实力和水平的重要尺度。本文仅对图书馆的五大功能分别进行了扼要论述。     

论逻辑在语言中的应用——评维特根斯坦的“可说”与“不可说”思想

维特根斯坦的《逻辑哲学论》中有一条贯穿始终的主线,那就是“界限”论,即什么可说、什么不可说,这也是维特根斯坦其它各种论题的基础。“可说”与“不可说”不仅是维特根斯坦阐述其哲学的主题,而且是维特根斯坦进行哲学思考的范式与界限。因此,理解维特根斯坦的“界限”论对于理解维特根斯坦的整个《逻辑哲学论》具有十分重要的意义。     

Female entrants to the university of Melbourne's matriculation examination, 1871–1881

The coincident arrival of a European policy space in education and a European Educational Research Association [EERA], and their subsequent relation, will be the subject of this paper. EERA is a hybrid organization—it supports scientific networking, it is a social partner in EU policy, it is a first level social space for networking, and increasingly it is faced with acting in policy forums. It is scientific, public and professional but most of all, like most associations, especially those working across borders, it is unstable and voluntaristic. Establishing itself in a new policy landscape, a European Policy space rapidly emerging in higher education and research around it, and burdened with the pasts of its members—and its diversity of traditions and languages—is difficult enough. Yet it has to be examined against new theories of governance and the role of networks, which place associations in Europe in a very interesting role. The paper tends to the conclusion that either EERA or the theory fails to meet the task required of it—so far.     

胡锦涛和谐文化建设思想浅析

胡锦涛和谐文化建设思想具有丰富的内容。他明确了和谐文化建设的根本——用社会主义核心价值体系引领社会思潮;阐明了和谐文化建设的动力之源——深化文化体制改革,解放和发展和谐文化生产力;指明了和谐文化建设的道德基础——树立以＂八荣八耻＂为重要内容的社会主义荣辱观,培育文明风尚;深刻分析了和谐文化建设的持久内力——发展创新文化,努力培育全社会的创新精神。     

“地球科学概论”双语教学开卷考试分析

笔者在＂地球科学概论＂双语教学中率先尝试开卷考试,经过5年的实践检验,效果良好。在介绍了考卷特征、考试规则、考试效果及反馈情况之后,笔者对这种考试方式进行了分析,可获得4点认识：一是考试本身也是一个极好的学习过程;二是从根本上杜绝考试作弊;三是改变＂考前背重点＂的片面学习方式,促使学生更全面地掌握课程内容;四是更客观地反映教与学的效果。这种考试方式鼓励学生考出水平,考出尊严,有利于形成良好的学习风气,值得在性质类似的课程中推广。     

构成和意境——西方油画赏析

西方油画的发展已经有几百年的历史,然而对其的赏析方法却与国画有很大的差异。文章首先探讨了西方油画作品的流派,然后从西方油画的构成——笔触和色彩两个方面探讨了其美学赏析方法,最后从油画的灵魂——意境方面讨论西方油画的美学赏析。     

《白痴》中梅什金公爵的圣愚形象

陀思妥耶夫斯基的长篇小说《白痴》是作者最成功的作品之一。《白痴》中梅什金公爵是一个备受争议的人物,是极其重要的艺术形象。陀思妥耶夫斯基在《白痴》中塑造的梅什金公爵的形象是类似基督一样的美好人物。根据俄国文化中的概念,圣愚是基督般的人物,这种宗教文化现象对俄国民众的思想和社会文化的影响非常深。基于此,以俄国社会历史上特有的宗教文化现象——圣愚为参照,从梅什金公爵身上的独特品质分析圣愚形象,并探究梅什金公爵的圣愚形象的意义。     

电大远程教育传统办学思路的课程考核弊端探究

课程考核是远程教育教学环节的重要组成部分,是检查教师执行教学情况和反映学生学习效果的重要手段,也是评定学生学习成绩的主要依据。我国电大远程教育课程考核目前主要存在两大问题：形成性考核形同虚设、终结性考核缺乏科学设计,这与电大系统长期以来固守的办学思路密不可分。电大远程教育课程考核首先应转变思路,改革考核方式。在形成性考核的改革方面应健全制度、规范管理、强化监督力度,在终结性考核的改革方面应努力构建考核方法灵活多样、题型丰富多彩、内容宽厚兼容的科学化的考核模式。     

Evolution of a laptop university: a case study

Technology is integral to carrying out many types of business transactions and has become entwined in the very fabric of everyday life. In the educational environment—particularly higher education—technology is underutilised as a pedagogical tool and in many cases remains largely untapped. Winona State University and its laptop programme learned some valuable lessons from the marriage between the application of the Seven Principles of Good Practice in Undergraduate Education and technology. The transformation into a leading laptop university was neither smooth nor easy, but it is a successful case about principle‐centred technological change and improved student learning outcomes.     

基于Julia集的花型图案绘制

复数域的非线性映射f(Z)=Z~2+c,是产生分数维图形的一种方法,这种映射能从一种算法中产生出丰富的几何形态——Julia集。由高阶迭代函数f(Z)=Z~m+c,逃逸时间算法及复变函数理论,可推导出高阶Julia集逃逸时间算法,当c取不同的值时,即可绘制出美丽多姿的分形花,且其花瓣数目取决于迭代函数的阶数m,即用m阶迭代函数绘制的分形花呈现出m个花瓣,分形作为一种新颖的图形辅助设计方法,可应用于许多领域。     

Literacy and citizenship: an intercultural perspective

In this paper I report on a small scale teaching project indicated by the general title above. The overall aim of the project has been to investigate and if possible enhance pupils' understanding and experience of two key areas of contemporary educational concern—literacy and citizenship—through a creative intercultural perspective. The teaching and research seek to suggest both connections and contrasts, starting from a critical cultural awareness of the ‘familiar’ and from there reaching outwards—although the movement is by no means in this direction only. The project has notions of literacy and citizenship at its very core: literacy as broadly covering our ways of appreciating ourselves and our world through language; citizenship as suggestive of the ways of thinking, feeling and behaving which may result from (and in turn determine) our understanding.     

Children's acquisition of conditional logic structure: Teachable?

The present study was designed to assess the teachability of conditional logic structure, using a training-transfer paradigm. Some recent attempts to induce or teach conditional reasoning capability have not been very successful. A component process analysis of the syllogistic conditional reasoning task commonly used suggests that it involves three main components: (a) inductive rule learning—attribute coding and rule mapping, (b) induction of conditional language-“if-then” operator, and (c) deductive interpretation—decoding, matching, and evaluation. When trained on all these components, Grade 5 and 7 children became very competent in dealing with a criterion conditional reasoning task. The previous attempts might have missed the training of more than one of the subprocesses identified above.     

《周易·文言传》的“成德”之教

《周易·文言传》有很丰富的道德建设内容,它提出了“人天合德”的观点,不主张“天道”外在现成,而提倡在人与人、人与物的关系中,在实践中成就道德。《文言传》的这些思想在后来的诠注中渐渐被掩盖了,《易传》的人天一体与时偕行的思想也被丢弃了。     

The Importance,and the Challenges,to Ensuring an Inclusive School Climate

Although three articles in this special issue address three very different social groupings—gender, ethnicity, and academic needs—they all highlight why inclusion is important for students’ healthy development. The authors make specific suggestions for how schools might promote a more inclusive and welcoming climate for their students. Ultimately, all of the authors recognized that positive intergroup contact is necessary for students to feel included at school but will not simply occur because students have the opportunity to interact. Rather, it is necessary for teachers to be active in establishing prosocial and inclusive classroom norms. This will likely be both the best way to create inclusive schools and the biggest challenge.     

Should classification of the UK honours degree have a future?

The classified honours degree has so much prestige and so venerable a tradition that only very serious and systemic changes could justify the question as to whether classification has a future. However, while this paper argues that such changes have indeed taken place in the past 30 years, the main arguments for change are pedagogical. The proposed change is for an unclassified degree, in which details are provided in a profile, covering assessments—only some of which can be classified—in a range of learning activities. A major innovation is the creation by each student of a portfolio, a device well known in art and architecture, which documents their learning. One consequence of this change is that students are treated individually and the traditional concept of fairness, which is based on all students being treated the same, has to be replaced by a more sophisticated concept of fairness. More generally, this change—with its stress on integrating assessment and the process of learning, as opposed to the current attitude where assessment certifies the product of learning—will have to affect not only the processes of assessment, but of all associated teaching and learning. The proposed scheme ought to be helpful also to prospective employers, who would, however, have to change many traditional attitudes.