Improved protease activity of Pixian broad bean paste with cocultivation of Aspergillus oryzae QM-6 and Aspergillus niger QH-3

BackgroundThe preparation of broad bean koji is a key process in the production of Pixian broad bean paste (PBP). Protease is essential for the degradation of proteins during PBP fermentation. To obtain broad bean koji with high protease activity using the cocultivated strains of Aspergillus oryzae QM-6 (A. oryzae QM-6) and Aspergillus niger QH-3 (A. niger QH-3), the optimization of acid and neutral protease activities was carried out using Box–Behnken design with response surface methodology (RSM).ResultsThe optimum conditions were found to be as follows: inoculation proportion (X₁), 3:1 (A. oryzae QM-6: A. niger QH-3, w/w); culture temperature (X₂), 33°C; inoculum size (X₃), 0.5% (w/w); incubation time (X₄), 5 d. The acid and neutral protease activities were 605.2 ± 12.4 U/g and 1582.9 ± 23.7 U/g, respectively, which were in good agreement with the predicted values. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis profiles revealed that the broad bean koji extracellular proteins in the case of cocultivation were richer compared to those in the case of A. oryzae QM-6 or A. niger QH-3 strain only. In addition, the free amino acids (FAAs) in the fermentation product were 55% higher in the cocultivation process than in that involving only A. oryzae QM-6, further confirming the diversity of proteases in the fermentation products.ConclusionsThe optimal conditions of koji-making in PBP were obtained using RSM. The cocultivation of A. oryzae and A. niger increases the overall enzyme activities in the culture medium and the FAAs content, which would thus have potential application in the PBP industry.How to cite: Tang J, Chen T, Hu Q, et al. Improved protease activity of Pixian broad bean paste with cocultivation of Aspergillus oryzae QM-6 and Aspergillus niger QH-3. Electron J Biotechnol 2020;44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2020.01.001.     

科技期刊多渠道精准传播体系的构建和应用

【目的】 建立了一个依托网络技术和数字技术的多渠道精准传播体系,旨在提升科技期刊内容传播的广度和准确度。【方法】 以《计算机研究与发展》实践为例,提出一种贯穿稿件全生命周期的多渠道精准传播体系,阐述了稿件在不同阶段下的特点,并根据读者群体的需求和阅读偏好,采取了针对性的传播途径和传播策略。【结果】 随着传播体系的建立和逐步完善,《计算机研究与发展》刊登论文的下载量和引用率显著提升,自媒体关注度增强,这促进了期刊宣传效果的最大化和期刊影响力的提升。【结论】 充分利用和融合各种技术手段和宣传平台,根据读者特点选择针对性的稿件内容,并采用精准的传播方式,有利于期刊影响力的提升。     

服务创新调查数据库的构建及其应用——国内外研究的综述与展望

服务创新研究已成为20世纪末、21世纪初创新研究和服务管理研究的新热点。构建基于大样本服务业创新活动调查的数据库是服务创新研究取得进展的关键基础平台。对国内外自1980年代以来的4项著名服务创新调查项目进行系统综述,包括对其调查阶段与内容、数据获取与性质、研究成果等的概述与分析。期望能为国内服务创新研究学者提供不同阶段服务创新研究的有效蓝图,有助于国内服务创新数据库构建的规范性和研究的整体效率的提升。     

专利价值二元分类评估方法的构建及应用研究

本文基于专利资产的价值分布特性,通过分析比较国内外专利价值评估的关键指标和专利价值的影响因素,构建了用于专利价值的“二元分类评估方法”。该方法采取定量指标评价和专家打分的主客观相结合方式分别得到专利定量指标价值度和定性指标价值度,两者结合得到专利综合价值度,这可综合评估专利价值高低,进而为知识产权管理和专利运营提供参考。     

可扩展大屏幕高分辨率并行显示系统的构建及其在地学中的应用

可扩展大屏幕高分辨率并行显示系统的构建,包括硬件环境、软件环境与软件技术、图形校正与颜色校正.基于SAGE和VizRoll大屏幕显示技术,利用PC-cluster及LCD构建了一个可扩展4×5高分辨率并行显示阵列,并实现了高分辨率并行显示系统在地学可视化中的几个典型应用.     

Global stability analysis for coupled control systems and its application: Practical aspects and novel control

In this paper, the global stability of coupled control systems (CCSs) is discussed. Assembling the energy of each vertex system with the help of graph theory, a systematic method for constructing a global Lyapunov function of CCSs is proposed. Then, two kinds of stability criteria by Lyapunov-type theorem and coefficient-type theorem with the condition of the system topology are derived. Subsequently, the theoretical results are applied to the microgrid and the criterion of global asymptotical stability of the microgrid is developed. Meanwhile, based on the actual demand of the microgrid, the secondary frequency distributed consistency sliding mode control of the microgrid is proposed using the consensus algorithm. In the presence of a time-varying load, the control can not only quickly stabilize the frequency at the equilibrium point but also dynamically achieve active power sharing. Finally, the simulation of an islanded microgrid is conducted to test the validity and feasibility of our results.     

Social acceptance for commercialization of genetically modified food animals

Since late 2020,China and the United States,the world's two largest economies,have embarked on regulatory reforms to boost the regulatory development of genetic...     

转基因食品监管模式探析

转基因食品的监管必须从国家整体利益来考虑,监管模式的选择要能够充分表达各方的利益诉求,各方主体都能充分参与其中。与转基因食品关系最为密切的利益群体有三方：转基因食品生产者、转基因食品消费者以及国家。     

A novel hybrid petri net model for urban intersection and its application in signal control strategy

A signal control strategy based on model reference adaptive control is investigated with a new hybrid petri net model for urban intersection in artery. The hybrid petri net intersection model is simplified via the token transition. The new model can be more in touch with facts through the waiting zones and addition phases. The hybrid petri net is innovatively used as the reference model in the model reference adaptive control method. The predicted traffic flow is precisely computed by the support vector machine. Finally, a series of simulation results with the practical data verify the feasibility of the novel arterial petri net model and the effectiveness of the control strategy.     

产品舆情环境形象评估方法构建与应用

按照人们对产品的健康影响、环境污染方面的情感认知,开发用于评估产品环境形象的人工智能方法。基于“舆情环境形象”概念,从健康影响、环境污染、环境风险和情感倾向4个方面建立产品舆情环境形象评估框架,以产品的互联网传播大数据为信息源,人工标注分类语料,采用自然语言处理技术和卷积神经网络算法训练验证分类模型。进一步以33种高风险和高污染产品为分析对象,利用从互联网获取的相关新闻、评论或公众言论进行模型分类和环境形象评估,结果表明环境舆情判定模型F值为0.91,产品的环境情感极性均以正面情绪为主,受舆情讨论热点程度影响,舆情数量多的产品情感倾向占比趋于均衡化、舆情数量少的产品情感倾向占比趋于极端化。其中,化妆品、药品的环境健康风险最高,高环境风险产品分别包括凡士林、角鲨烯和咖啡因。     

Transglutaminase as a target for novel anti-filarial agents

A rational approach for developing effective filaricides awaits greater knowledge on the biochemical pathways operating in filarial parasites. For example, metabolic pathways or key enzymes that are so pivotal to the parasite that their interruption or inhibition causes spontaneous death, could be exploited to develop effective chemotherapeutic agents. Similarly, developing a safe and nontoxic filaricidal will require precise understanding of whether or not the potential molecular target in the parasite is unique or at least different enough from the host system. Recently, we identified a novel transglutaminase enzyme (EC2.3.2.13; TGase) in filarial parasites that plays an important role during their normal growth and development. Based on these principles, TGase may serve as a new target for the development of effective chemotherapeutic agent and vaccine for controlling and preventing the infections caused by these parasites.     

Detection of enzymes dehydrogenases and proteases inBrugia malayi filarial parasites

Lymphatic filariasis caused mainly by infection fromW. bancrofti andB. malayi remains a major cause of clinical morbidity in tropical and subtropical countries. Analysis ofB. malayi mf, infective larval and adult worm lysates for the activity of enzymes led to the demonstration of activities of three key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism viz., Malate dehydrogenase (MDH), Malic enzyme (ME) and Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) in all the three stages of the parasite. The specific activity of all the three dehydrogenases was significantly high in mf lysate compared to their activity in lysates of the other two stages (P<0.001). Analysis by native polyacrylamide gel to their activity inlysates of the other two stages (P<0.001). Analysis by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) using 7.5% non-gradient gel showed the presence of two isoforms of each of the three enzymes (MDH, ME & G6PDH) in mf lysate, while only one form of each enzyme was present in L₃ larval and adult worm lysates. Further proteolytic enzyme activity was demonstrated both in microfilarial and infective larval lysates ofB. malayi. While both mf and L₃ larval lysates showed optimal protease activity at alkaline pH of 9.0, the mf lysate showed increased activity also at pH 3.0. The infective larval lysate was markedly inhibited by Tosylamide-L-Phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone (TPCK), a thiol protease inhibitor, while the protease activity in mf lysate was significantly inhibited by both TPCK and a serine protease inhibitor Phenyl Methyl Sulphonyl Flouride (PMSF). In sodium do-decyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), using gelatin copolymerized gel, the microfilarial lysate showed 3 protease molecules of 40 kDa, 180 kDa and 200 kDa and the L₃ larval lysate had 6 protease molecules of 18, 25, 37, 49, 70 and 200 kDa size.     

搭建节能减排服务平台服务绿色生态江西建设

江西省生产力促进中心根据江西节能减排现状,按照国家发改委关于推进中小企业节能减排和加快节能减排技术支撑平台建设的相关政策要求,搭建＂江西省节能减排科技服务平台＂,整合集成节能减排优势技术资源和人才资源,创新服务体制机制,服务于全省中小企业节能减排工作,这对建设绿色生态江西具有重要意义。     

Development and application of two novel functional molecular markers of BADH2 in rice

BackgroundFragrance is one of the most important quality traits in rice, and the phenotype is attributed to the loss-of-function betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH2) gene. At least 12 allelic variations of BADH2 have been identified, and some of these have been applied to rice fragrance breeding using traditional molecular markers and Sanger sequencing techniques. However, these traditional methods have several limitations, such as being very expensive, imprecise, inefficient, and having security issues. Thus, a new molecular marker technology must be developed to improve rice fragrance breeding.ResultsIn this study, more than 95% of the cultivated fragrant rice varieties belonged to a 7-bp deletion in exon 2 (badh2-E2) or an 8-bp deletion and 3-bp variation in exon 7 (badh2-E7). Both allelic variations resulted in the loss of function of the badh2 gene. We developed two novel SNP molecular markers, SNP_badh2-E2 and SNP_badh2-E7, related to the alleles. Their genotype and phenotype were highly cosegregated in the natural variation of rice accessions, with 160 of the 164 fragrant rice varieties detected with the two markers. These markers cosegregated with the fragrance phenotype in the F₂ population.ConclusionsTwo functional SNP molecular markers of badh2-E2 and badh2-E7 allelic variations were developed. These functional SNP molecular markers can be used for genotype and genetic improvement of rice fragrance through marker-assisted selection and will significantly improve the efficiency of fragrant rice breeding and promote commercial molecular breeding of rice in the future.How to cite: Li W, Zeng X, Li S, et al. Development and application of two novel functional molecular markers of BADH2 in rice. Electron J Biotechnol 2020;46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2020.04.004.     

创新系统功能分析模型构建及应用

文章探讨了创新的本质和内涵,构建了创新系统功能分析模型,并对我国风电产业创新系统进行了功能演化分析。研究认为,创新的本质是复杂的价值创造过程,创新系统的主要功能是创造新的价值,包括科学价值、技术价值、经济价值、社会价值和文化价值;创新系统构成、创新系统功能和创新政策之间存在内在的逻辑关系,形成一个闭环。风电产业创新系统功能演化分析结果显示,我国风电产业发展具有阶段性特征,并遵循政策路线和技术成长两条路线。     

Immobilization of functional nano-objects in living engineered bacterial biofilms for catalytic applications

Nanoscale objects feature very large surface-area-to-volume ratios and are now understood as powerful tools for catalysis, but their nature as nanomaterials brings challenges including toxicity and nanomaterial pollution. Immobilization is considered a feasible strategy for addressing these limitations. Here, as a proof-of-concept for the immobilization of nanoscale catalysts in the extracellular matrix of bacterial biofilms, we genetically engineered amyloid monomers of the Escherichia coli curli nanofiber system that are secreted and can self-assemble and anchor nano-objects in a spatially precise manner. We demonstrated three scalable, tunable and reusable catalysis systems: biofilm-anchored gold nanoparticles to reduce nitro aromatic compounds such as the pollutant p-nitrophenol, biofilm-anchored hybrid Cd_0.9Zn_0.1S quantum dots and gold nanoparticles to degrade organic dyes and biofilm-anchored CdSeS@ZnS quantum dots in a semi-artificial photosynthesis system for hydrogen production. Our work demonstrates how the ability of biofilms to grow in scalable and complex spatial arrangements can be exploited for catalytic applications and clearly illustrates the design utility of segregating high-energy nano-objects from injury-prone cellular components by engineering anchoring points in an extracellular matrix.     

科学构建电视媒体单位的精神文明建设体系

电视媒体作为自收自支的事业单位,承担着舆论宣传和自我发展的多重任务,在新的竞争环境下,应建立的科学精神文明建设的组织架构和工作方法,以人为本,实行＂大政工＂运作,提升采编人员的思想政治素质。     

科学构建电视媒体单位的精神文明建设体系

电视媒体作为自收自支的事业单位,承担着舆论宣传和自我发展的多重任务,在新的竞争环境下,应建立的科学精神文明建设的组织架构和工作方法,以人为本,实行"大政工"运作,提升采编人员的思想政治素质。