Psychological maltreatment,coping strategies,and mental health problems: A brief and effective measure of psychological maltreatment in adolescents

Psychological maltreatment is an important social and public health problem and associated with a wide range of short and long-term outcomes in childhood to adulthood. Given the importance of investigating mitigating factors on its effect, the purpose of the present study is to investigate the mediating effect of active and avoidant coping strategies on the association between psychological maltreatment and mental health– internalizing and externalizing– problems in adolescents. Participants of the study consisted of 783 adolescents, ranging in age from 14 to 18 years (M = 15.57, SD = 0.88), with 52.9% female and 47.1% male. Several structural equation models were conducted to investigate the mediating role of coping strategies on the effect of psychological maltreatment on adolescents’ internalizing and externalizing problems. Findings from mediation analyses demonstrated the mediating effect of active and avoidant coping strategies on the association between psychological maltreatment and mental health problems. The outcomes support adolescents use more avoidant coping strategies and fewer active coping strategies in the face of psychological maltreatment experiences, and this affects their mental health. Taken together, these results should contribute to the design of prevention and intervention services in order to promote mental health.     

The role of attachment in the relationship between child maltreatment and later emotional and behavioral functioning

The experience of childhood maltreatment is an important predictor of unfavorable emotional and behavioral outcomes. Because little research examined explanatory variables in the relationship between childhood maltreatment experiences and later outcomes, this study examined the role that attachment serves in this relationship. Four hundred twenty-four participants completed questionnaires assessing the variables of interest for this study. Results indicated that both childhood maltreatment experiences (particularly emotional abuse) and attachment (particularly to mothers and peers) are significant predictors of later emotional and behavioral outcomes. Further, attachment contributed unique and significant variance to the relationship between childhood maltreatment experiences and later outcomes. Such findings suggested that secure attachment may serve as a protective factor against maladaptive emotional and behavioral outcomes as children reach emerging adulthood, even in the context of childhood maltreatment experiences. The importance of studying the relationships among these variables is discussed.     

The relative impact of school‐wide positive behavior support on teachers’ perceptions of student behavior across schools,teachers, and students

School‐wide positive behavior support (SWPBS) is a systemic approach for implementing a proactive schoolwide discipline and for improving students’ academic and behavioral outcomes by targeting the school’s organizational and social culture. With a multilevel approach, the present study evaluates the relative effectiveness of SWPBS on teachers’ perceptions of the student behavior (N = 3,295) across schools, teachers, and children using a multilevel approach. We assessed teacher perception of student problem behavior five times during a 3‐year implementation of SWPBS in 23 Dutch schools. Multilevel analyses not only revealed a small increase in perceived prosocial behavior and a small decrease in problems with peers, but also different effects across children, teachers, and schools. Effects were stronger for girls and for students with higher severity of perceived problems at baseline. At teachers’ level, higher mean baseline severity of perceived problems was associated with the reduced impact of SWPBS on perceived emotional problems and problems with peers. At the school level, effects were stronger for regular schools as compared with special needs schools.     

借鉴新加坡教育分流制度解决我国农村初中辍学问题

为适应经济和社会发展需要,新加坡不断进行教育改革。教育分流制就是其教育改革的成果,并成为新加坡教育的特色。分流制度的实施有力地保证了新加坡的人才培养、促进了种族和谐、教育公平的实现以及教育质量的提高。借鉴新加坡教育分流制度．能够有效地促进我国初中辍学问题的解决。     

Teacher efficacy in student engagement,instructional management,student stressors,and burnout: A theoretical model using in-class variables to predict teachers' intent-to-leave

The models presented here posit a complex relationship between efficacy in student engagement and intent-to-leave that is mediated by in-class variables of instructional management, student behavior stressors, aspects of burnout, and job satisfaction. Using data collected from 631 teachers, analyses provided support for the two models that predicted teachers' intent-to-leave. To enhance generalizability, this study also tested whether the structural coefficients were invariant across teacher gender and grade level. With one exception, the models appeared largely invariant across gender and grade level. Supplementing the structural models, measurement invariance and equality of latent factor means were also explored.     

Environmental identity,pro-environmental behaviors,and civic engagement of volunteer stewards in Portland area parks

We conducted surveys of adults participating in municipally sponsored volunteer events in the Portland, OR metropolitan area in order to understand the range of attitudes and behaviors associated with volunteer work. We sampled 172 individuals in 18 events from February to June 2012. Principal components and factor analyses of survey responses identified three groups based on annual frequency of participation in stewardship events: first-time volunteers, mid-level volunteers (3–10 events per year), and frequent volunteers (>10 events per year). Our analyses revealed three main factors that explained the variation in survey response for the three volunteer groups: environmental identity, private pro-environmental behavior, and civic engagement. All three factors were positively correlated with frequency of participation in stewardship events, with the most frequent volunteers indicating the highest degree of attention to environmental issues, environmental identity, and self-reported pro-environmental behaviors. Frequent volunteers were more likely to feel personally attached to their local environment, believe that their efforts help solve environmental problems, and enjoy being part of community efforts. These results suggest that stewardship activities provide opportunities for volunteers to interact with others while working collectively toward restoring and maintaining parks, which may contribute to more resilient communities.     

影响贵州民族村寨旅游业发展的因素——以石头寨乡村旅游为例

通过对石头寨乡村旅游发展过程的个案分析,作者从表面与深层两个层面对影响贵州民族村寨乡村旅游业发展所存在的一系列问题进行了探论。     

Parental absence,child victimization,and psychological well-being in rural China

Using cross-sectional data regarding 793 rural children aged 10–16 in Sichuan Province of China, the present study examined the preceding-year rates of seven forms of child victimization (physical assault, property crime, peer/sibling victimization, child maltreatment, sexual victimization, witnessing family violence, and exposure to community violence) and poly-victimization, and found children’s victimization experiences increased as the degree of parental absence increased (from the presence of two biological parents, to parental migration and parental separation and divorce). Elevated levels of depression were also found among left-behind children and children of separated or divorced parents, compared to children living with both biological parents; and child poly-victimization added to the risk of child depression. Certain demographic characteristics (being a boy and younger) and parental factors were associated with child victimization in rural China. This study highlights the need for child protection in rural China, and in particular for parent-absent children.     

我国网上证券发展现状、问题和对策

在指出网上证券正成为证券交易的主要业务模式的基础上,分析了中国网上证券的发展现状和其中问题,并提出了加快中国的网上证券发展的相应对策.     

我国环保产业的发展现状、问题与对策

环保产业作为一个具有很大发展潜力的新兴产业,应引起我国高度重视。文章对环保产业的基本概念、环保产业发展现状、环保产业发展过程中存在的问题进行分析,提出发展环保产业需要增加财政投入,拓宽融资渠道,加强宣传与学习,规范环保产业市场,加强监督管理等手段来解决我国目前环保产业中存在的问题,更好地推进环保产业,构建和谐社会。     

Dynamics of community participation,student achievement and school management: the case of primary schools in a rural area of Malawi

School management in many sub-Saharan African countries has been enhanced through community participation in an attempt to improve education quality. This study uses field research in a rural district of Malawi to assess how community and parent participation differs between schools, the intentions of communities and parents when carrying out activities in schools, and the mechanism promoting active participation in schools. In high-achieving schools, but not in low-achieving schools, communities and parents were actively involved in events aimed at improving student achievement. Communities and parents considered most highly prioritised activities that directly influenced student achievement, including hiring volunteer teachers, arranging extra classes and holding mock examinations. Community participation did not directly improve student achievement. Instead, when communities and parents actively participated in a school, school management improved, ensuring better student achievement. The implications of this finding are discussed in relation to community participation.     

高职院校资源配置问题透视：特征、问题及对策

近年来,我国高职院校呈现出了财力资源配置总体趋好、人力资源配置有所改善、物质资源配置逐渐转好等特点,但也存在着生均教育经费支出增速起伏不均、部分省市生师比仍未达标、“双师型”教师比例增速迟缓等问题。因此,有必要实施诸如确保生均教育经费支出稳步增长和有效监控、生师比建设的因地制宜与规则干预、强化“外引与认证”机制等策略来解决我国高职院校资源配置面临的各种问题。     

试论我国高职法学教育的现状、问题与对策

近年来,我国的高职法学教育从无到有,逐步发展壮大。但是作为新生事物,高职法学教育面临着教学方法滞后、实践课程设置简单、教学内容陈旧、师资结构不合理等诸多问题,改革传统的法学教育人才培养模式,构建具有职业特色的教学体系成为高职法学教育发展趋势所在。     

西南地区“两免一补”政策的实施成效、问题及对策

西南地区实施"两免一补"政策已有一段时间,在肯定"两免一补"所取得成就的同时,更应注意到"两免一补"政策在实施中还存在不少问题,表现为:政策落实得不够全面,西南地区人民对政策还不完全了解;政策加重了西南地区各级财政的经济负担;政策未能有效改善学校经费不足的状况,未能使学生的学习态度发生根本性的转变。完善西南地区"两免一补"政策的对策为:政府充分认识政策的重要性,继续推进西南地区"两免一补"政策的实施;不断完善政策的实施细则,增强实施效力;认识政策在提高义务教育质量方面的局限性,采取多种措施确保西南地区义务教育质量。     

女子高等教育——文化变迁的寒暑表中国女子高等教育的过去、现在和未来

女子高等教育的变迁与社会的化现代化过程和现代化程序密切相关。首先以西方女学的传入为视点，梳理出中国女子高等教育的控化历程：西方女学传入的肇端与中国近代女子高等教育的孕育、兴起，男女同校教育的传入与中国近代女子高等教育的发展等。通过对大量数据的收集，从比较的视解对中国子女高等教育的现况和问题进行了总体把握和具体分析，并展望了中国女子高等教育的未来，指出了所面临的挑战和机遇。     

Child sexual abuse and its relationship with health risk behaviors among rural children and adolescents in Hunan, China

Objective

The current study was designed to explore the prevalence of child sexual abuse (CSA) and its association with health risk behaviors (i.e., smoking, alcohol use, binge drinking, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempt) among rural children and adolescents in China.

Methods

A sample of 683 rural children and adolescents (8 to 18 years of age) completed an anonymous questionnaire which assessed experiences of CSA and 5 health risk behaviors. Data on several potential confounding factors were also collected.

Results

A total of 123 (18%) respondents reported experiencing at least 1 kind of CSA before 16 years of age, with more boys reporting CSA than girls (21.5% vs. 14.2%). In addition, attending non-boarding schools, lower levels of self-esteem, and higher levels of perceived peer pressure for engagement in health risk behaviors were associated with higher rates of CSA. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that CSA experience was significantly associated with cigarette smoking (aOR = 2.14), binge drinking (aOR = 2.68), suicidal ideation (aOR = 1.69), and suicide attempt (aOR = 2.69) after controlling for several demographic and psychological factors.

Conclusion

More attention should be paid to the issues of CSA among rural children and adolescents in China. Effective CSA prevention intervention needs to address the vulnerabilities of the population, increase children's and parents’ awareness of CSA and ability of self-protection.     

我国农村集体建设用地流转的现状、问题及对策

依据土地产权理论和土地市场经济理论,运用系统分析方法,探索了我国农村集体建设用地流转过程中存在的相关问题,即法律不完善,产权关系不清,收益分配不规范等。在此基础上,对我国农村集体建设用地流转提出了相应的对策。     

大学生学习投入影响因素的研究——基于学习行为投入、情感投入、认知投入维度

大学生学习投入水平高低是学业成就的重要预测因素。文章通过从学习行为投入、情感投入、认知投入维度分析大学生学习投入的影响因素,给出学习投入影响因素与大学生学习投入之间的关系概念模型,并定量分析了自身因素、人际关系因素、学习环境因素对大学生学习行为投入、情感投入、认知投入维度的主要影响及其影响程度。     

我国县域义务教育学校教师流动制度：现状、问题与对策--基于31个省（自治区、直辖市）现行相关政策文本的分析

我国县域义务教育学校教师流动制度存在的问题主要是政策类型失真、政策要素失全、运作模式失范、保障措施失力与理论基础失实。完善我国县域义务教育学校教师流动制度的政策建议主要有把准政策类型、完善政策要素、规范运作模式、强化保障措施与重建理论基础。     

我国县域义务教育学校教师流动制度：现状、问题与对策——基于31个省（自治区、直辖市）现行相关政策文本的分析

我国县域义务教育学校教师流动制度存在的问题主要是政策类型失真、政策要素失全、运作模式失范、保障措施失力与理论基础失实。完善我国县域义务教育学校教师流动制度的政策建议主要有把准政策类型、完善政策要素、规范运作模式、强化保障措施与重建理论基础。