Development of SSR marker by RNA-seq and its application in genotyping pearl sac in pearl oyster Pinctada fucata martensii

BackgroundPearl oyster Pinctada fucata martensii is cultured for producing round nucleated pearls. Pearl production involves a surgical operation where a mantle tissue graft from a donor oyster and a round nucleus are implanted in the gonad of a host oyster. Whether the mantle graft implanted in the gonad of a host oyster contributes to the formation of a pearl sac that secretes pearl nacre to form a pearl should be determined. In April 2012, two full-sib families were separately used as donor and host oysters for a nucleus insertion operation. The pearl sac was sampled from the host oysters at day 60 after nucleus operation. A large number of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were developed using Illumina HiSeq™ 2000 platform. The two full-sib families were also used to mine diagnostic SSR markers for genotyping donor oyster, host oyster, and pearl sac.ResultsA total of 3168 microsatellite loci were identified in 39,078 unigenes, and 1977 SSR primers were designed by Primer 3.0. Forty-seven SSR primers were validated, and the rate of successful amplification was 72.3%. Two diagnostic SSR primers could successfully genotype pearl sac, donor oyster, and host oyster. Donor and host oysters were both homogenous, and the alleles in pearl sac were identical to those in donor and host oysters.ConclusionsThe present results confirmed that the mantle graft implanted in the gonad of host oyster contributed to the formation of the pearl sac in pearl oyster P. fucata martensii.     

Copeptin and its potential role in diagnosis and prognosis of various diseases

The need for faster diagnosis, more accurate prognostic assessment and treatment decisions in various diseases has lead to the investigations of new biomarkers. The hope is that this new biomarkers will enable early decision making in clinical practice. Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is one of the main hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Its main stimulus for secretion is hyperosmolarity, but AVP system is also stimulated by exposure of the body to endogenous stress. Reliable measurement of AVP concentration is difficult because it is subject to preanalytical and analytical errors. It is therefore not used in clinical practice. Copeptin, a 39-aminoacid glycopeptide, is a C-terminal part of the precursor pre-provasopressin (pre-proAVP). Activation of AVP system stimulates copeptin secretion into the circulation from the posterior pituitary gland in equimolar amounts with AVP. Therefore, copeptin directly reflects AVP concentration and can be used as surrogate biomarker of AVP secretion. Even mild to moderate stress situations contribute to release of copeptin. These reasons have lead to a handful of research on copeptin in various diseases. This review summarizes the current achievements in the research of copeptin as a diagnostic and prognostic marker and also discusses its association in different disease processes.     

人才生态链的形成机理及对人才结构优化的作用研究

人才生态链具有独特的科学内涵和内在形成机理,对其进行科学分析,是正确认识与应用人才生态链,切实解决人才生态链形态上的短链和断链现象,进而有效调整和优化人才结构的逻辑起点。     

Molecular characterization of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) in Lucilia sericata larvae for potential therapeutic applications

BackgroundThe salivary glands of Lucilia sericata are the first organs to express specific endopeptidase enzymes. These enzymes play a central role in wound healing, and they have potential to be used therapeutically.MethodsRapid amplification of cDNA ends and rapid amplification of genomic ends were used to identify the coding sequence of MMP-1 from L. sericata. Different segments of MMP1 gene, namely the middle part, 3′ end, and 5′ end, were cloned, sequenced, and analyzed using bioinformatics tools to determine the distinct features of MMP-1 protein.ResultsAssembling the different segments revealed that the complete mRNA sequence of MMP-1 is 1932 bp long. CDS is 1212 bp long and is responsible for the production of MMP-1 of 404 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular weight of 45.1 kDa. The middle part, 3′ end, and 5′ end sequences were 933, 503, and 496 bp. In addition, it was revealed that the MMP-1 genomic sequence includes three exons and two introns. Furthermore, the three-dimensional structure of L. sericata MMP-1 protein was evaluated, and its alignment defined that it has high similarity to chain A of human MMP-2 with 100% confidence, 72% coverage, and 38% identity according to the SWISS-MODEL modeling analysis.ConclusionsMMP-1 of L. sericata has a close relationship with its homologs in invertebrates and other insects. The present study significantly contributes to understanding the function, classification, and evolution of the characterized MMP-1 from L. sericata and provides basic required information for the development of an effective medical bioproduct.     

图形在科学研究中的作用及其启示--以心理学为例

由于图形提供了描述研究结果的一种简洁、有效的方式,科学家将其作为科学的显著特征。研究发现,通过增加对图形的应用,有助于科学的进步和各领域之间的有效交流。     

Characterization of OAZ1 and its potential functions in goose follicular development

BackgroundOrnithine decarboxylase antizyme 1 (OAZ1) is an important regulator of polyamine synthesis and uptake. Our previous studies indicated that high OAZ1 expression in the ovaries of laying geese is responsible for poor egg production. In the present study, the molecular characterization of goose OAZ1 gene was analyzed, as well as the expression profile in various follicular tissues.ResultsAn 873-bp cDNA sequence of the OAZ1 gene (Accession No. KC845302) with a + 1 frameshift site (+ 175T) was obtained. The sequence consisted of a 652-bp two overlapping open reading frames (a putative protein with 216 amino acids). The OAZ domain, OAZ signature and OAZ super family domain were prominent conserved regions among species. As the follicle size increased, OAZ1 abundance showed an increasing trend during follicular development, while it decreased during follicular regression. The level of OAZ1 mRNA expression was the lowest in the fifth largest preovulatory follicle, and was 0.65-fold compared to the small white follicle (P < 0.05). OAZ1 mRNA expression in the largest preovulatory and postovulatory follicle was 2.11- and 2.49-fold compared to the small white follicle, respectively (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe goose OAZ1 structure confirms that OAZ1 plays an important role in ornithine decarboxylase-mediated regulation of polyamine homeostasis. Our findings provide an evidence for a potential function of OAZ1 in follicular development, ovulation and regression.     

中国畜禽粪便养分资源总量及替代化肥潜力

明确畜禽粪便资源数量及养分总量,计算其替代化肥潜力,对指导实现化肥零增长和减施增效具有重要意义.本文研究的畜禽种类包括牛、马、驴、骡、猪、羊、家禽和兔,利用排泄系数法估算了1980-2016年中国畜禽粪便的养分资源总量,并计算畜禽粪便替代化肥潜力.结果显示:①1980-2016年畜禽粪便和养分资源总量呈快速增长—稳定发...     

Rapid fabrication of a microdevice with concave microwells and its application in embryoid body formation

Here, we report a novel method for the fabrication of polydimethylsiloxane microdevices with complicated 3-D structures, such as concave and crater shapes, using an easily machined polymethyl methacrylate mold combined with a one-step molding process. The procedure presented here enables rapid preparation of complex 3-D microstructures varying in shape and dimensions. To regulate embryoid body (EB) formation, we fabricated a microfluidic device with an array of concave microwells and found that EBs growing in microwells maintained their shape, viability, and a high degree of homogeneity. We believe that this novel method provides an alternative for rapid prototyping, especially in fabricating devices with curved 3-D microstructures.     

燕山褶断带下板城盆地杏石口组沉积特征及其构造意义

本文通过对燕山褶断带下板城盆地杏石口组沉积物的成分、古水流及其底部砾岩的砂质充填物中碎屑锆石和砾岩中部出露的花岗岩、花岗片麻岩砾石中锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年分析结果,并结合来源区的构造与岩浆作用的调查,揭示了杏石口组沉积时环境的剧变.三叠纪时期刘家沟组至二马营组均为河流相沉积,其古流向自东向西,而杏石口组沉积期变为快速堆积的山麓冲积扇相砾岩,古流向自北-北西向南-南东.杏石口组一段至二段的沉积特征记录了该时期内蒙古隆起的构造抬升及剥露过程.杏石口组中碎屑锆石和花岗岩、花岗片麻岩砾石中锆石U-Pb年龄范围可分为3组：2025～2565Ma、1659～1888Ma和193～691Ma.其中,最年轻的碎屑锆石的加权平均年龄为197±6Ma,表明杏石口组的砂砾岩沉积时代应晚于197±6Ma,即其沉积时代应为早侏罗世.笔者曾获得下板城盆地北侧王土房杂岩体中不同单元花岗岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为191±1Ma和207±1Ma,其与本文获得杏石口组中最年轻的碎屑锆石及两枚花岗岩砾石中锆石的加权平均年龄197±6Ma和206±2Ma、207±2Ma在误差范围内一致,表明与王土房杂岩体同期侵位的岩体在杏石口期发生了快速抬升剥露.暗示了内蒙古隆起在早侏罗世发生了快速抬升及剥露的构造过程.结合前人研究,燕山褶断带前180Ma构造幕发生时代应在197～180Ma期间.     

浅谈西藏石油库等电位连接在雷电防护工程中的作用

等电位连接是现代防雷技术重要的防护措施,特别是在西藏易燃易爆场所显得尤其重要,是减少油库电位差的的关键环节,它能将各类电器、电子设备、金属管道、罐体和分开的导电装置等,用连接导线相互连接成电气通路,将整个库区用金属导线连成一片,形成一个综合的大型地网.以减少需要防雷的空间内各金属物与各系统之间,地网与地网,罐体与罐体、管道与管道雷电感应产生的电位差.现对西藏石油库等电位连接在防雷工程中的应用及其重要性进行探讨.     

The formation of concern for face and its impact on knowledge sharing intention in knowledge management systems

Previous empirical studies have shown that in Chinese culture face is critical for the success of knowledge sharing in knowledge management systems (KMS). However, much less is known about the factors shaping the concern for face and the way they impact on the individual's knowledge sharing intention in KMS. Using data drawn from professionals’ knowledge sharing practices in Taiwanese organizations, this study focuses on a detailed investigation of the concern for face and how it impedes individuals’ knowledge sharing intention in the KMS context. The research findings show that the perfection of authentic self and the scrutiny of others (referred to as others’ watch) together explain 27.7% of the variance in face in relation to public self. In turn, face related to public self explains 20.7% of subjective norms. Finally, face related to public self and subjective norms together account for 41.2% of the variance in knowledge sharing intention. The research findings have important theoretical and managerial implications.     

Lectin in agglutination and its role in detection of sugars on the surface of RBC of normal and cancer patients

In the present studies the property of Lectins as agglutinin and to bind sugars in the blood on normal and cancer cervix patients has been studied. Out of 36 lectins extracted from the seeds of various plants, 25 were non-specific haemagglutinins and 11 were non-reactive with the RBC of normal persons. The titre value greatly varied from 1∶4 to 1∶4096. The titre value of RBC of patients of carcinoma cervix (Stage III) was compared with the normal person’s RBC. Out of 25 non-specific haemagglutinins 16 lectins did not show any difference in titre value. Nine lectins agglutinated RBC of cancer patient at a higher dilution than the normal. On the contrary, 3 lectins agglutinated the cancerous patient’s RBC at a higher concentration than the normal (Control). Sugar specificity of 25 non-specific haemagglutinins was tested with 13 sugars separately. Haemagglutination Inhibition (HI) reaction showed marked difference in the RBC of normal and in carcinoma cervix patient. Four marked reactions were noticed. RBC of normal (N) and carcinoma patient (C) with positive HI reaction (C₊/N₊), with negative HI reaction (C_?/N_?); with C positive and N negative HI reaction (C₊/N_?) and with C negative and N positive HI reaction (C_?/N₊). Three lectins were specific to sugar moieties.Vicia faba JV II showed dissimilarity with fructose and glucose moiety and also indicated that cellulose is common in both RBC of normal and cancer cervix patient.Triticum vulgare lectin showed the difference in cellulose moiety.Linum usitatissimum lectin showed the difference in lactose moiety and indicated that melibiose is present in both. It was also observed that mannose gave positive HI reaction with lectins ofR. communis, L. esculentus, P. sativum, P. sativum Pusa 10,P. sativum R?1,D. lablab, A. indica, H. vulgare andZ. mays in the blood of cancer cervix patient suggesting that mannose perhaps is present in the RBC while it may not be present in the normal person’s RBC. Raffinose also gave the positive HI reaction with cancer patient’s blood and not with the normal person’s blood.     

中国科学院植物园科普教育功能及管理模式概况

一、基本情况 中国科学院所属的１２个植物园分布在我国１０个省市、自治区。它们在全国１４０多个植物园体系中所占的数量比重虽不大，但多数建园历史较长，规模较大，具有很强的科学研究实力。在植物迁地保护、资源开发利用、基础研究和科普教育等方面在中国植物园体系中起着重要的主导作用，在开展科学研究和科普教育工作方面具有十分明显的优势和特色，并均被国家有关部委及所属省市、自治区命名为科普教育基地。其主要优势和特色可归纳为以下几点： １、综合性功能 中国科学院植物园的设计和建设都是围绕植物学研究，植物种质资源保存…     

吸收能力及其在跨国公司子公司知识获取过程中的作用分析

知识转移是跨国公司网络内重要的资源流动之一。跨国公司进行知识有效开发的能力不仅体现在母公司的有效输出,而且体现在子公司能否有效地消化和吸收。本文首先对吸收能力的概念和内涵进行了较为系统的分析和总结,然后从吸收能力的角度探讨了跨国公司母子公司之间的知识转移方式及其影响因素。文章最后提出了一些提高子公司吸收能力的措施。     

地铁在城市旅游交通中的作用及其优化——以南京主城区为例

旅游散客化潮流中,充分利用地铁交通以缓解城市客流拥堵,对于实现城市旅游的可持续发展具有重要意义。本文运用城市空间网络分析,以南京主城区为例,探讨散客化背景下,地铁线路与站点在旅游交通中的作用及其优化对策。研究发现：①地铁更适合市内短途自助游;②线路与站点的布局满足散客在老城区与过渡城区的自助游需求,但难以满足外围城区;③吸引力较大的站点与线路位于人口密集、旅游资源富集的老城区,中介力较大的站点与线路位于浦口与六合交界的过渡城区,紧密度较大的站点与线路位于鼓楼、玄武与秦淮交界的老城区;冗余度较大的站点位于过渡城区中走向较为曲折的地铁线路上。④中转站的吸引力、紧密度与冗余度普遍优于一般站,部分一般站中介力较高。据此提出建议：①外围城区开通地铁站点与景区间的公交专线;②旅游旺季增设旅游专列地铁,充分利用公交的分流作用;③配合使用非轨道交通,避免冗余地铁轨道,缩短行程;④将部分一般站升级为中转站,减轻热门线路压力。