双边规模不对称情形下平台型企业竞争策略研究

在构建双边规模不对称情形下双边市场模型的基础上,研究了不同双边接入结构下,双边规模比对平台的均衡价格、利润的影响。结果发现:规模较小一边用户的归属行为、商户之间的竞争激烈程度(行业性质)对平台企业竞争策略影响明显,用户规模比增大会加剧平台企业的价格竞争;当消费者规模小于或等于商户规模时,平台企业倾向于商户单归属结构;当消费者规模超过商户规模时,平台企业倾向商户多归属结构。     

分享激励模式下社会化商务平台定价策略研究

基于双边市场理论,考虑消费者的信息分享行为,研究了社会化商务系统中商家、平台独立激励消费者以及商家和平台同时激励消费者3种情况下,社会化商务平台的定价策略.同时,讨论了在平台发展不同阶段,社会化商务平台的价格策略选择问题.研究发现:消费者得到的奖励转嫁到平台对其收取的费用之中,没有分享信息的消费者为已经分享信息的消费者买单;平台独立激励消费者时,其利润随着奖励的提高而降低;在平台发展的起始阶段,不适合采用商家和平台同时激励消费者的策略,在平台发展的成熟阶段,不适合采用平台独立激励消费者的策略.     

垄断市场结构下跨境电商平台服务定价研究

基于双边市场理论,考虑用户规模和平台服务质量,研究了垄断市场结构下跨境电子商务平台服务定价问题。分析了固定年费、交易费及两部制等3种平台收费模式对垄断跨境电商平台服务定价及收益的影响。研究发现:平台两边的用户规模以及平台的最优定价均取决于两边用户之间的交叉网络外部性强度的大小和平台所提供服务的质量;进一步研究发现:垄断跨境电子商务平台收取固定年费、交易费、两部制收费的情形下,平台两边的用户规模和平台收益相同,即3种收费方式中不存在较优的收费方式。     

供应商提供质量差异产品时电子商务平台的定价机制研究

电子商务平台中供应商可以提供有质量差异的产品与消费者交易,此时平台的利润、双边用户的效用会发生变化。建立了供应商提供质量差异产品时平台与双边用户的效用函数,研究了双边用户中的供应商在提供质量差异产品时平台的定价机制。研究发现,当平台收取注册费时,供应商提供产品的质量越高,平台对供应商的定价不变,对消费者的定价降低;当平台收取交易费时,随着供应商提供产品质量的提高,平台对供应商和消费者的收费将会逐渐降低;当平台采取两部收费制时,在收费的第一阶段,供应商提供的产品质量越高,平台对供应商的定价降低,而对消费者的定价将会提高;在收费的第二阶段,供应商提供的产品质量越高,平台对双边用户的定价越低。     

区块链赋能下电商平台的网络效应重构与定价研究

平台运营模式成功的关键点在于增强网络效应,并且区块链赋能使得平台供需信息从原有中心化共享转为分布式共享。提升平台交易的信息透明度、用户转化率和复购率等,重构电商平台双边用户的网络效应,影响平台定价策略,进一步影响平台三方利润。本研究将区块链赋能下电商平台网络效应的重构描述为网络节点度的减小和强度的增加两方面,并构建传统平台和区块链赋能平台2种模式下的定价模型,对比分析区块链对电商平台、商家和消费者三方效用的影响以及最优定价策略。研究结论表明：区块链赋能平台模式下,双边用户的效用均高于传统平台模式;区块链对网络效应的重构有助于平台双边用户进一步扩大交易额和收益,同时平台倾向于更低的定价策略,区块链成为提升平台治理效能的重要技术。     

电子商务模式对消费者线上购买行为的影响研究

以刺激-反应模型为理论基础,以电子商务平台提供的信息作为刺激源,研究不同电子商务模式在信息丰富度、采购成本对消费者线上购买行为影响方面的调节效用。通过淘宝网交易数据验证模型,结果发现:(1)采购成本正向影响购买行为;(2)不同电子商务模式对购买行为影响不突出,B2C优势不明显;(3)信息丰富度成为影响消费者行为的显著因素。最后提出了网络营销策略。     

免费能成为垄断平台的长期均衡策略吗？

在平台经济的发展中,“免费”已成为诸多平台企业常见的定价策略。本文将用户异质性偏好和产品质量差异引入到双边市场理论,探讨了平台长期对部分用户免费的可能性。研究发现：对于单边的垄断平台而言,用户间异质性的边际网络效应是平台实施长期免费策略的必要条件;在引入广告商或者平台竞争后,即使用户间获得的边际网络效应无差异,免费依然可能成为平台的均衡策略;随着边际网络效应的增强或产品间的质量差异扩大,对部分用户免费也更有可能成为平台的长期均衡策略。本文为平台定价策略和平台反垄断政策的制定提供有益借鉴。     

互联网初创企业的补贴倾斜策略研究

以平台用户数量最大化为目标,基于传统的Bass扩散模型、双边市场动态演化模型,结合自反馈特征和交叉互补外部性特征构建了改良后的双边市场动态演化模型,对用户的扩散速率进行了对比研究。结果发现:互联网平台补贴策略中的三个"倾斜":价格敏感性倾斜、依赖程度倾斜、时间倾斜。     

从免费到收费：双边信息产品平台的版本划分策略研究

如何从下游免费过渡到下游部分收费甚至下游全面收费，是现今众多双边信息产品平台面临的主要问题之一。本文尝试从平台视角出发，研究双边信息产品平台如何通过产品的版本划分，运用质量差异产品，在保证下游规模的同时，区分消费者对产品的质量偏好并进行区别定价，达到最优利润。研究发现，对提供信息产品的垄断平台而言，相较于提供单一质量信息产品，提供产品的纵向差异版本可以增加平台最优利润；提供纵向差异产品时，免费提供低质量产品并非最优策略，存在最优的低质量版本产品质量和相应定价，使平台达到最优利润；在此基础上，增大产品版本间的质量差异可以提高平台最优利润。     

非对称收费模式下平台横向合并的经济效应研究

以双边平台竞争瓶颈理论框架为基础,考虑同一平台在一边收取注册费、在另一边收取交易费的非对称收费模式,并将已有平台竞争模型拓展至Salop圆形市场情形后,探讨了平台横向合并的经济效应。与已有研究强调间接网络效应、市场势力和成本效率提升三者之间的权衡不同,本文研究发现：在非对称收费模式和市场全覆盖假设下,平台合并的价格效应和福利效应仅与平台间横向重叠导致的市场势力提升与成本效率提升之间的权衡有关,而与间接网络效应无关;如果边际成本较小,则效率抗辩空间会主要集中于降低经营（固定）成本等方面。研究结论不仅可以丰富经济学关于平台合并的理论研究,也可为反垄断执法部门针对平台领域经营者集中审查提供理论借鉴。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence     

Chinese Scientists Use Earth Observation Technologies to Study and Protect Wild Camels

<正>Chinese scientists plan to apply Earth Observation technologies to protect the critically endangered wild camels(Camelus ferus).With the help of remote sensing,satellite positioning,geographical information system and wireless sensors networks,they will be able to access the distribution and population of the wild camels and protect their habitats.The project will be carried out by the International Research Center for Wild Camel Conservation,which was jointly established earlier this year by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)of the Chinese     

More than Skin Deep – Understand Skin Biology by Means of Dermatogenomics

<正>The Paul Gerson Unna Research Group on Dermatogenomics was founded in October 2012 at the Partner Institute for Computational Biology.The ultimate goal of the group is to understand the biology of skin and skin appendages.