首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
    
BackgroundDespite the well-established health benefits of physical activity (PA) for young people (aged 4–19 years), most do not meet PA guidelines. Policies that support PA in schools may be promising, but their impact on PA behavior is poorly understood. The aim of this systematic review was to ascertain the level and type of evidence reported in the international scientific literature for policies within the school setting that contribute directly or indirectly to increasing PA.MethodsThis systematic review is compliant with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines. Six databases were searched using key concepts of policy, school, evaluation, and PA. Following title and abstract screening of 2323 studies, 25 progressed to data synthesis. Methodological quality was assessed using standardized tools, and the strength of the evidence of policy impact was described based on pre-determined codes: positive, negative, inconclusive, or untested statistically.ResultsEvidence emerged for 9 policy areas that had a direct or indirect effect on PA within the school setting. These were whole school PA policy, physical education, sport/extracurricular PA, classroom-based PA, active breaks/recess, physical environment, shared use agreements, active school transport, and surveillance. The bulk of the evidence was significantly positive (54%), 27% was inconclusive, 9% was significantly negative, and 11% was untested (due to rounding, some numbers add to 99% or 101%). Frequency of evidence was highest in the primary setting (41%), 34% in the secondary setting, and 24% in primary/secondary combined school settings. By policy area, frequency of evidence was highest for sport/extracurricular PA (35%), 17% for physical education, and 12% for whole school PA policy, with evidence for shared use agreements between schools and local communities rarely reported (2%). Comparing relative strength of evidence, the evidence for shared use agreements, though sparse, was 100% positive, while 60% of the evidence for whole school PA policy, 59% of the evidence for sport/extracurricular PA, 57% of the evidence for physical education, 50% of the evidence for PA in classroom, and 50% of the evidence for active breaks/recess were positive.ConclusionThe current evidence base supports the effectiveness of PA policy actions within the school setting but cautions against a “one-size-fits-all” approach and emphasizes the need to examine policy implementation to maximize translation into practice. Greater clarity regarding terminology, measurement, and methods for evaluation of policy interventions is needed.  相似文献   

2.
针对高等学校学生体质健康的状况,建立科学的大学体育课程体系,实施学生体质健康干预机制,以遏制学生体质下滑。结果显示:"三自主、一干预"的"俱乐部"模式教学形式,"月月有大赛,周周有小赛,天天有安排"的课外体育活动,"课内外一体化"教学干预模式,针对性强,激发了"体弱"学生锻炼的兴趣和动机,保证了其体质健康水平呈上升趋势。  相似文献   

3.
文章运用系统论观点对散打体能及其训练系统的结构进行分析。散打体能系统的框架结构包括身体素质、身体形态、身体机能和心理智能4个方面的子系统,而体能训练的运行结构体系主要由基础体能训练、专项体能训练和综合体能训练3个相互联系、相互影响的子系统构成,对基础体能训练、专项体能训练进行分析,以期对体能与体能训练的系统结构有新的认识,从而为体能训练的科学化提供参考。  相似文献   

4.
高校学生自发体育社团的现状与体育教学改革   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
通过对大学生自发体育社团现状的调查 ,分析当代大学生的体育锻炼行为及影响因素。提出了高校体育教学改革的设想 ,旨在培养大学生终身体育锻炼意识、行为习惯 ,实现学校体育与社会体育接轨。  相似文献   

5.
高校体育教学要更新观念、转变教学思想,淡化以竞技为主的体育教学体系,加强体育健身教学,以人体发展规律理论指导体育健身教学,培养学生终生健身的习惯,使高校体育健身教学与《全民健身计划纲要》相衔接。  相似文献   

6.
本文通过对体育教育专业和普通专业男子大学生递增负荷过程中肺通气机能变化特征的实验研究,结果发现:运动开始阶段,锻炼者RR增长幅度显著小于非锻炼者:随着运动负荷的增加,锻炼者TV增长幅度显著大于非锻炼者。大负荷运动过程中,锻炼者TV的变化是影响VE增加的主要原因,而非锻炼者RR的快速升高则是引起VE急剧升高的内在机制,此时非锻炼组TV下降可能与其呼吸肌疲劳有关。长期从事体育锻炼能够有效提高肺泡通气量、通气效率、通气储备及呼吸肌的机能能力。  相似文献   

7.
目的:对贵州省不同海拔地区居民体育锻炼的现状进行调查研究,为不同海拔地区居民科学健身,提高生活质量提供依据。方法:采用"多阶段分层随机抽样"的方法抽取研究对象进行问卷调查。结论:(1)高原地区居民参加体育锻炼的参与程度较高,呈现高原>亚高原>平原的特征,但在参加体育锻炼的质量上却表现出相反的特征,与高原、亚高原地区相比,平原地区表现为参与频度高、持续时间长、体育锻炼强度适中。(2)不同海拔地区居民在体育锻炼场所选择、体育锻炼的目的和需求方面存在一定的差异,与不同海拔地区的自然环境气候差异有一定的关系。建议:在全民健身活动中应考虑不同自然环境气候的差异,研究制定科学有效、简便易行、适合不同海拔地区居民的健身方法,更加科学地指导居民健身,提高居民的体质水平。  相似文献   

8.
目的:探讨有氧运动对心理亚健康护士的干预效果。方法:随机抽取商丘市市级医院护士200名,运用康奈尔医学指数量表和精神科访谈,筛选出心理亚健康的护士,选用健身操、跳绳、爬楼梯的有氧运动形式进行干预,8周有氧运动后再次进行康奈尔医学指数量表和精神科访谈,探究有氧运动对心理亚健康护士的干预效果。结果:实验组通过8周健身操、跳绳、爬楼梯的有氧运动,护士心理亚健康的发生率明显低于对照组(P〈0.01)。结论:有氧运动能有效降低心理亚健康护士的发生率,其发生机制可能与适度有规律的有氧运动能改善机体的呼吸、运动、心血管、免疫、神经及内分泌系统的功能有关。  相似文献   

9.
骨质疏松症已成为威胁女性健康的重要疾病之一.适当的体育运动可以减缓随年龄的增长而发生的骨质疏松.本文综述了运动影响骨质疏松的机制,运动对不同年龄段女性骨代谢的影响,以及运动方式、运动强度对女性骨质疏松的影响,可为女性骨质疏松症的预防和治疗提供理论依据.  相似文献   

10.
主要通过文献资料法从自我概念和自尊两方面论述了体育锻炼增强人际交往能力、型体自尊,从而增强自信心,促使自我概念的重构,自尊性提高,较好地增进大学生心理健康.  相似文献   

11.
运动处方指导人们身体锻炼方面的应用研究引起了广泛的关注,同时也使人们进行身体锻炼方--法等向着科学化、效果良好化、明显化的方向发展。文章通过分析运动处方的有氧运动的健身价值、超量恢复原理和“全面身心健康概念”三方面的健身理论基础,为运动处方指导大学生体育锻炼提供个性化指导和理论参考。  相似文献   

12.
运用文献资料法、逻辑思维法对运动技能与可持续性自主体育锻炼的关系进行探讨。目的是使体育锻炼的所有参与者,即体育锻炼管理者、体育锻炼指导者、体育锻炼受益者明确运动技能与体育锻炼之间是相互促进的辩证关系。结果认为:人对体育锻炼的需求是自主性的、可持续性的。运动技能影响着体育锻炼的自主性和可持续性;可持续性自主体育锻炼是在具备了心仪的体育项目运动技能的基础上相互发展并持续着的。  相似文献   

13.
Abstract

Recent international normative data for the 20-m shuttle-run test demonstrated a below-average performance index for UK children. The aims of the present study were to create an international comparison of 20-m shuttle-run test performance in a sample of English children and to identify age- and sex-specific differences in test performance. Mass, stature, body mass index, and 20-m shuttle-run test performance were measured in 2041 children aged 11 – 15 years (963 boys, 1078 girls). Performance was expressed as maximum running velocity and a performance index was created by generating z-scores. The shuttle-run test performance index was higher than the existing published value (?0.046, 95% confidence interval [CI] ?0.070 to ?0.022) for all children (0.061, 95% CI = 0.006 to 0.115), for boys (0.075, 95% CI = ?0.022 to 0.171), and for girls (0.048, 95% CI = ?0.010 to 0.106). Boys' relative performance increased significantly (F = 4.43, P = 0.002) throughout the measured age range, whereas girls' relative performance tended to decrease (F = 1.98, P = 0.096). The results were favourable when compared with existing values. Differences in performance index may be due to the different geographical areas from which present and past samples were drawn. Reasons for differences in the performance indices between boys and girls warrant further investigation.  相似文献   

14.
影响体育锻炼行为的社会心理因素分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对影响体育锻炼行为的社会心理因素的分析,有利于体育锻炼行为的转变,形成体育锻炼的习惯,从而建立终身体育锻炼的意识,促进现代人与社会和谐发展,加快体育社会化进程.  相似文献   

15.
    
The three aims of this systematic review are to describe: (1) use of the term fundamental motor/movement skills (FMS) in published articles; (2) the quality of definitions; and (3) relative use of process- and product- oriented assessments to measure FMS. The inclusion criteria included: (a) peer-reviewed article, (b) printed in English, (c) published between January 2000 and 31 December 2015, (d) presence of either the term “fundamental motor or movement skill” in the title and/or abstract, and (e) FMS were a measured outcome. There has been an increase in the number of publications on FMS in recent years, with the majority of studies conducted in Australia (n = 41, 33%). Approximately 24% of studies (n = 30) did not provide any explicit definition of FMS. A majority of studies reported the use of process-oriented measures (n = 98, 79%) compared to product-oriented measures (n = 23, 19%), and few studies used both (n = 6, 5%). We recommend that researchers provide: (1) an operational definition of FMS that states FMS are the “building blocks” (or similar terminology) of more advanced, complex movements; (2) specific categories of skills that compose FMS; and (3) at least one specific example of a FMS.  相似文献   

16.
黑龙江省大学生体育锻炼与心理健康的相关性分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
体育活动与心理健康有着密切的关系,两者之间关系的研究是当代体育学与心理学研究的热点问题之一。通过问卷调查、量表评定、比较分析等研究方法,对大学生体育锻炼现状及心理健康状况进行调查与分析。研究结果表明:大学生心理健康状况存在着比较严重的问题;体育锻炼对心理健康有积极的影响和促进作用。  相似文献   

17.
运用文献资料法、逻辑推理法对目前我国空气质量状况进行分析,通过大气污染物基本项目,探讨各种污染成分对锻炼者的影响,并结合空气质量与锻炼效果,指出目前城市居民体育锻炼的两大误区:(1)锻炼地点多为城市中心公园、街道两旁、主干道附近等人员、车辆集中的地区;(2)锻炼时间多为清晨近地面污染物集聚较多的时间段。并从空气质量改善、科学选择锻炼地点和锻炼时间段、对锻炼人群进行专业知识普及四个角度提出建议。目的:使居民更科学的进行体育锻炼,增进健康。  相似文献   

18.
少年儿童锻炼心理学研究述评   总被引:6,自引:3,他引:6  
综述了少年儿童身体锻炼的心理前因、心理效益及与心理效益有关的身体锻炼方式,分析与讨论了该领域研究的现状与存在的问题,对我国少年儿童锻炼心理学的研究提出了建议。  相似文献   

19.
采用文献法,对运动导致肾脏形态结构和功能改变相关研究进行了全面梳理,研究认为,目前这方面的研究存在以下问题:(1)多数研究之间相对独立,研究成果较分散;(2)定性研究多,定量研究缺乏;(3)动物实验研究多,人体实验研究缺乏。因此,现有研究成果在运动导致肾脏损伤中的切实运用,还需进一步全面、系统、定量的深入开展研究。  相似文献   

20.
    
Absract

Our understanding of the relationship between physical activity and health is constantly evolving. Therefore, the British Association of Sport and Exercise Sciences convened a panel of experts to review the literature and produce guidelines that health professionals might use. In the ABC of Physical Activity for Health, A is for All healthy adults, B is for Beginners, and C is for Conditioned individuals. All healthy adults aged 18–65 years should aim to take part in at least 150 min of moderate-intensity aerobic activity each week, or at least 75 min of vigorous-intensity aerobic activity per week, or equivalent combinations of moderate- and vigorous-intensity activities. Moderate-intensity activities are those in which heart rate and breathing are raised, but it is possible to speak comfortably. Vigorous-intensity activities are those in which heart rate is higher, breathing is heavier, and conversation is harder. Aerobic activities should be undertaken in bouts of at least 10 min and, ideally, should be performed on five or more days a week. All healthy adults should also perform muscle-strengthening activities on two or more days a week. Weight training, circuit classes, yoga, and other muscle-strengthening activities offer additional health benefits and may help older adults to maintain physical independence. Beginners should work steadily towards meeting the physical activity levels recommended for all healthy adults. Even small increases in activity will bring some health benefits in the early stages and it is important to set achievable goals that provide success, build confidence, and increase motivation. For example, a beginner might be asked to walk an extra 10 min every other day for several weeks to slowly reach the recommended levels of activity for all healthy adults. It is also critical that beginners find activities they enjoy and gain support in becoming more active from family and friends. Conditioned individuals who have met the physical activity levels recommended for all healthy adults for at least 6 months may obtain additional health benefits by engaging in 300 min or more of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week, or 150 min or more of vigorous-intensity aerobic activity each week, or equivalent combinations of moderate- and vigorous-intensity aerobic activities. Adults who find it difficult to maintain a normal weight and adults with increased risk of cardiovascular disease or type 2 diabetes may in particular benefit from going beyond the levels of activity recommended for all healthy adults and gradually progressing towards meeting the recommendations for conditioned individuals. Physical activity is beneficial to health with or without weight loss, but adults who find it difficult to maintain a normal weight should probably be encouraged to reduce energy intake and minimize time spent in sedentary behaviours to prevent further weight gain. Children and young people aged 5–16 years should accumulate at least 60 min of moderate-to-vigorous-intensity aerobic activity per day, including vigorous-intensity aerobic activities that improve bone density and muscle strength.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号