The planning of higher education in the German Democratic Republic

The points of departure, objectives and methods of higher education planning are subsumed within the total context of the social, scientific, technical and cultural development of a country and dependent upon that country's social order. In the socialist countries, all deliberations on educational planning involve the all-round development of the socialist personality. Economic goals and factors also play an important role, but they must be seen as a means to the end of a superordinate goal. In the German Democratic Republic educational planning has to guarantee the realisation of several constitutional mandates: admission to universities and colleges in accordance with the principle of achievement, with the requirements of society, and with reference to the social composition of the people and equality of the sexes; the right to work and the social security of the graduates. In terms of the number of students admitted to and graduating from higher education, the GDR has arrived at a high level. The planning of higher education takes place in accordance with the principles of democratic centralism, with broad participation of people inside and outside of universities.Paper originally presented to the 17th International Seminar, The University Today, Dubrovnik, September 5th, 1972, under the title Zur Planung der Hochschulbildung in der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik.     

Educational Rehabilitation in the German Democratic Republic

AN OVERVIEW of educational rehabilitation of persons with disabilities in the German Democratic Republic is given. The authors describe the education system, the health and welfare services as well as the forms of training of special educators for persons with disabilities. The topics are discussed in the context of the theoretical background and of the current political changes in the country.     

The internationalisation of higher education: the German perspective

This paper describes the context for and developments related to the internationalisation of higher education in Germany. Considerable mobility of students and scholars already exists, much of it taking place without special public financial support. Nonetheless, more needs to be done to encourage greater mobility. In this connection, Germany makes available financial support for those participating in foreign study or research. More recently, there has been a trend toward support for groups rather than individual students, for a more intensive prestructuring of the stay abroad and a stronger international dimension in larger scientific projects. Both financial support and favourable conditions are seen as necessary for programmes aimed at promoting effective exchanges. The central need, in the face of limited resources, is to develop and implement the most effective ways to bring about internationalisation in systems of higher education.     

Change in higher education in the People's Republic of China

Developments in Chines higher education since the creation of the People's Republic in 1949 are reviewed with special reference to the periods before and after the Cultural Revolution. Recent changes in admission policies the use of work experience, the linking of theory with practice, length of course, and teacher-student relationships are discussed.     

德国职业教育给我国高职教育带来的启示

本文通过对德国职业教育体系、职业教学方法与理念、以及教师在职业教育中的角色介绍,结合其可借鉴的经验,阐述了德国职业教育对我国高职教育的启示。     

Differentiation and social selectivity in German higher education

In this paper we investigate social selectivity in access to higher education in Germany and, unlike most previous studies, explicitly devote attention to semi-tertiary institutions such as the so-called universities of cooperative education. Drawing on rational choice models of educational decisions we seek to understand which factors influence upper secondary graduates from different social backgrounds in their choices of diverse tertiary institutions in Germany. We find that scholastic performance, expected job security, study duration, monetary costs and preferences for study content considerably contribute to the creation of socially selective choice patterns of post-secondary careers. The characteristics of semi-tertiary institutions—such as universities of cooperative education that combine firm-based training with tertiary education—constitute a potential alternative that could reduce inequities in access to higher learning.     

德国高校层次结构分析

德国院校的结构"纵向分三层,横向分若干类",近年却呈现"四圈层"的特点。德国高校在层次结构、高校设置、成人教育、科研与教学等四个方面所具有的特点,在稳定高等教育系统、规范高校设置、就业制度与高校层次、全日制教育与业余教育关系和高校层次划分等方面的做法,都有可供中国借鉴之处。     

德国技术员教育对我国高职教育的启示

分析了德国的职业教育体系,德国的技术员教育和我国的高等职业教育具有同样的地位。进而分析了德国巴伐利亚州的技术员教学计划和爱科特教育集团技术员的培养方式。对我国高等职业教育与德国巴伐利亚州的技术员教育进行比较,结合其可借鉴的经验,阐述了德国技术员教育对我国高职教育的启示。     

高教大众化与高教结构调整

文章论述了我国高等教育大众化的根本目的,指出,企图仅依赖普通高校的扩招来实现我国高教大众化不仅不现实,也不能适应社会对多层次、多类型人才的需要。面对国际竞争,结合我国实际,应当发展多种形式的高等教育,高等职业技术教育就是其中重要的一种。