Effect of agarose content on microstructures and mechanical properties of porous silicon nitride ceramics produced by gelcasting

<正>Porous Si3N4 self-reinforce ceramics were prepared by gelcasting using agarose solutions. By changing the agarose content in the slurries, the porous silicon nitride ceramics with different porosities, α→β-Si3N4 phase transformation, and mechanical properties were obtained. When the agarose content changed from 0.2% to 0.8% (w/w, based on powder), the porosities increased from 10.3% to 21.4%, while the fracture strength decreased from 455 to 316 MPa and the fracture toughness decreased from 6.6 to 5.5 MPa·m1/2. Many fibrous β-Si3N4 grains grown from the internal wall of the round pores is the typical microstructure of the gelcasting porous silicon nitride ceramic. Both elongated β-Si3N4 grains and suitable interfacial bonding strength contributes to high fracture toughness by favoring crack deflection and bridging. The growth mechanisms of fibrous grains resulted from the synergy of solution-diffusion-reprecipitation and vapor-liquid-solid (VLS).     

Effects of finishing rolling temperatures and reduction on the mechanical properties of hot rolled multiphase steel

Effects of finishing rolling temperatures and reduction on the mechanical properties of hot rolled multiphase steel were investigated. Thermo-mechanical control processing (TMCP) was conducted by using a laboratory hot rolling mill, in which three different kinds of finishing rolling temperatures and reduction and various austempering times were applied. The results showed that polygonal ferrite, granular bainite and larger amount of stabilized retained austenite can be obtained by controlled rolling processes, and that the strain-induced transformation to martensite from the retained austenite can occur gradually when the steel is deformed during tensile test. Mechanical properties increase with decreasing finishing rolling temperature and increasing amount of deformation. The most TRIP (transformation induced plasticity) effect, and ultimate tensile strength (UTS), total elongation (TEL) and the product of ultimate tensile strength and total elongation (UTS×TEL) are obtained at 20 min.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of liquid phase sintered silicon carbide composites

Silicon carbide (SiC) composites were prepared by hot-press sintering from α-SiC starting powders with BaAl2Si2O8 (BAS). The effects of additives on densification, microstructure, flexural strength, and fracture behavior of the liquid phase sintered (LPS) SiC composites were investigated. The results show that the served BAS effectively promotes the densification of SiC composites. The flexural strength and fracture toughness of the SiC composites can reach a maximum value of 454 MPa and 5.1 MPa·m1/2, respectively, for 40% (w/w) BAS/SiC composites. SiC grain pullout, crack deflection, and crack bridging were main toughening mechanisms for the sintered composites.     

Effect of direct quenching on microstructure and mechanical properties of medium-carbon Nb-bearing steel

The influence of direct quenching （DQ） on microstructure and mechanical properties of 0.19C-1.7Si-1.0 Mn-0.05Nb steel was studied. The microstructure and mechanical properties of reheat quenched and tempered （RQ＆T） steel plate were compared with those of direct quenched and tempered （DQ＆T） steel plates which were hot rolled at different finish rolling tem-peratures （1173 K and 1123 K）, i.e., recrystallization-controlled-rolled direct-quenched （RCR＆DQ） and controlled-rolled direct-quenched （CR＆DQ）, respectively. The strengths generally increased in the following order： RQ＆T〈RCR＆DQ＆T〈 CR＆DQ＆T. Strength differences between the CR＆DQ＆T and RQ＆T conditions as high as 14% were observed at the tempered temperature of 573 K. The optical microscopy of the CR＆DQ＆T steel showed deformed grains elongated along the rolling direction, while complete equiaxed grains were visible in RQ＆T and RCR＆DQ＆T steels. Transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and electron backscattering diffraction （EBSD） of the DQ steels showed smaller block width and higher density of dislocations. Inheritance of austenite deformation substructure by the martensite and differences in martensite block width were ruled out as major causes for the strength differences between DQ and RQ steels.     

Structure and Magnetic Propoerty of Amorphous Fe—Ni Particles prepared by Mechanical Alloying

The amorphous Fe67.5 alloy particles have been prepared by mechanical alloying(MA) process of elemental powders.The crystallization is observed at temperature around 405℃ by means of differential thermal analyzer,It is found that the coercivity Hc and the effective magnetic anisotropy value of amorphous phase are not far from that of crystal phase.The magnetization behavior of amorphous and nanocrystalline samples prepared by mechanical alloying and milling process are quite similar,they obey 1/H law at middle-high field and 1/H^2 at higher field.The 1/H field dependence is attributed to a large number of dislocations created during MA process.The studies on the 1/H^2 field dependence reveals that magnetization of Fe-Ni ultrafine particles are governed predominantly by internal stress fields induced by MA process.     

Effect of controlled rolling/controlled cooling parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties of the novel pipeline steel

The study of controlled rolling/controlled cooling process parameters which affect the microstructure and mechanical properties of a novel pipeline steel has been optimized by the orthogonal experiment with four factors and three levels in this paper. However, the parameters of thermo-mechanical control process （TMCP） optimized by the Gleeble-3500 hot simulator could not satisfy performance requirements of the X100 pipeline steel. In order to improve the performance of this steel, the influence of finish cooling temperature （FCT） on the microstructure and property is studied in detail. It is found that, as this steel is thermo-mechanically treated by this set of parameters （the start heating temperature, finish rolling temperature （FRT）, FCT and cooling rate of 1,180 ℃, 810 ℃, 350 ℃ and 35 ℃/s, respectively）, the micro- structures are mainly composed of granular bainite （GB） and acicular ferrite （AF）. The effective grain sizes are below 20 μm; the steel reaches the optimal balance between the strength and the toughness; the yield strength is 695 MPa; the tensile strength is 768 MPa; the elongation is 16.6 %; the impact energy is 262 J at room temperature. All indexes could meet the requirements of X100 pipeline steel.     

热等静压制备Nd:YAG陶瓷及其微观结构与光学性质(英文)

采用共沉淀法制备Nd:YAG前躯体,将该前躯体1100℃煅烧2小时得到纯相Nd:YAG粉体;该粉体经1800℃真空烧结10小时得到Nd:YAG透明陶瓷.由SEM结果可知,陶瓷表面存在气孔及晶界相,样品平均粒径约为8μm.陶瓷经热等静压1650℃(2小时)处理后,表面气孔、缺陷及晶界相明显减少,且陶瓷更加致密,晶粒大小无明显变化.虽然经热等静压处理的样品仍有少量晶内气孔,但在可见光区,最大透过率达到50%.     

Influence of soaking time on semi-conductivity and nonlinear electrical properties of TiO2-based varistor ceramics

We investigated the influence of soaking time on the semi-conductivity and nonlinear electrical properties of TiO2- based varistor ceramic samples. We used a single sintering process and fabricated six disk samples of （Sr, Bi, Si, Ta）-doped TiO2- based varistor ceramics sintered at 1 250℃ for 0.5 h, 1.0 h, 2.0 h, 3.0 h, 4.0 h, and 5.0 h, respectively. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, breakdown voltage, and complex impedance. The results show that as the soaking time increases from 0.5 h to 5.0 h, the breakdown voltage drops before rising while the nonlinear coefficient increases and then decreases. We suggest that, considering both grain semi-conductivity and nonlinear electrical properties of the TiO2-based varistor ceramics, the optimal soaking time is between 2.0 h and 3.0 h.     

Magnetic Properties of Nanocrystalline Fe60Cr40 Powders Prepared by Mechanical Alloying in Vacuum and Air

Magnetic properties of nanocrystalline Fe60 Cr40 powders prepared by mechanical alloying in vacuum and air were investigated by utilizing the measurements of magnetization, X-ray diffraction, and ^67Fe M（oe）ssbauer spectrum. The results show that the Fe60 Cr40 powders keep the bcc structure during milling in air and vacuum. The saturation magnetization of the Fe60 Cr40 powders milled in vacuum and air decreases with the increase of the milling time up to 45 h. The decrease of saturation magnetization of the Fe60Cr40 powders milled in vacuum is due to the formation of Fe-Cr solid solution, while in air it is due to the formation of paramagnetic disorder structure and solid solution.     

Structural and dielectric properties of Y2O3-doped Ba0.92Sr0.08Ti0.95Sn0.05O3 ceramics

The structural and dielectric properties of Ba0.92Sr0.08Ti0.95Sn0.05O3 (BSTS) +x (molar ratio, %) Y3+ ceramics are investigated. Combining the lattice parameters and the distortion of crystal lattice, an alternation of substitution preference of Y3+ ion for the host cations in perovskite lattice is found. Owing to Y3+ ion entering the A site, the maximum dielectric constant is 5 627 for 1.25% Y3+-doped samples; when Y3+ ion is more than 1.25%, it tends to occupy the B site in perovskite lattice, causing a drop in the dielectric constant. Owing to the appearance of oxygen vacancy, the optimized dielectric loss is 0.004 for 1.25% Y3+-doped samples. The thermal stability of BSTS ceramics is significantly improved and the Curie temperature shifts to lower value with the amount of Y2O3 increased, making it a superior candidate for capacitor applications.     

米曲霉产中性蛋白酶提取与粗酶性质研究

从白酒大曲中分离纯化米曲霉菌种,对其进行发酵培养;再对米曲霉的发酵干曲中性蛋白酶进行分离,并对其酶学性质进行研究.结果表明：米曲霉中性蛋白酶的最佳提取方法为加入生理盐水,置于恒温（30℃）下,提取30 min.硫酸铵沉淀中性蛋白酶的最适浓度为80%.该中性蛋白酶的最适作用温度为55℃,最适pH值为7.0,该酶在40℃下的稳定性较好,该中性蛋白酶pH稳定范围为6.0～8.0;NaCl和EDTA对中性蛋白酶活力具有抑制作用.     

题目：利用稻壳灰和人工砂的轻质油棕壳混凝土力学性能的提高

目的：探索稻壳灰和人工砂在轻质油棕壳混凝土中部分替换水泥和细骨料对混凝土力学性能的影响,期望得到力学性能较高的轻质混凝土。方法：1.将不同比例的稻壳灰（5%,10%,15%和20%）替换水泥和100%的人工砂或石粉替换沙子,研究它们对混凝土抗压强度的影响;2.研究不同替换比例的稻壳灰（0和15%）和人工砂（0,50%和100%）对混凝土力学性能的综合影响。结论：1.在15%的稻壳灰替换水泥和100%人工砂替换沙子的情况下,最大抗压强度为51.49 MPa;2.替换比例为15%稻壳灰和100%人工砂的组合表现出最好的力学性能,包括抗压强度、抗拉强度、抗弯强度和杨氏模量。     

Structure and Magnetic Properties of Fe1-xCx Solid Solution Prepared by Mechanical Alloying

Supersaturated solid solutions Fe1-xCx （0≤x≤0.9 ） of wide composition range have been prepared by mechanical alloying process. Nanocrystalline phase was formed for 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.67 and a large grain phase for 0.75 ≤ x ≤ 0.9. The large fraction of graphite volume puts off formation of nanocrystalline phase for high carbon content. In the large grain phase, magnetization follows simple magnetic dilution, and eoereivity He is mainly due to dissolution of carbon at grain boundaries. In the nanocrystalline phase the alloying effect of carbon is revealed by a distinct reduction of average magnetic moment. The increasing lattice constant with increasing carbon content is observed for x ≤ 0.5, suggesting that the high carbon concentration may enhance diffusion of carbon into the Fe lattice. It shows a discontinuity in the Hc variation with a grain size D of nanocrystalline phase. For small grain D below the critical value, Hc increases with D. For a large grain D, Hc decreases with increasing D. The solubility limit of carbon in a-Fe extended by nanocry- stalline phase formation is discussed.     

熔体处理易拉罐用铝材的中间退火组织与性能

探讨了经高效熔体处理的易拉罐用铝材中间退火后的再结晶组织、力学性能及制耳倾向的变化规律。结果表明 :经 430℃保温 1h后空冷 ,铝板材的再结晶晶粒组织细小均匀 ,平面塑性各向异性△γ>0且达到最低值 ,断口中的韧窝无明显的大块夹杂与缩气孔存在 ,断裂方式以穿晶微孔聚集型为主 ,综合力学性能较好。