基于情境认知学习理论的教学设计探究

随着科学哲学和认知心理学对于“人类如何学习”问题的深入研究,人们逐步发现了传统教学设计的“目标模式”在认识论上的不足.情境认知理论认为,人的学习活动和环境是相互建构的整体,而不是相分离的实体.     

从知识的分类谈生物学教学设计

当代信息加工学习理论把人类的知识分成两类 :陈述性知识和程序性知识。这两类知识在人脑中的表征和贮存方式是不一样的。因此 ,获得的方式也不同。生物学教学内容如何根据这两类知识进行教学设计 ,提高学与教的有效性 ,是现代教学设计技术的基本内容之一。     

知识表征与教学设计——网站设计课堂教学中的知识类型分析与应用

教学过程中存在着不同类型知识的传授,采用何种方法更有利于知识的表达、获取和运用呢？文章结合网站设计这门课程,主要从陈述性和程序性两大知识类型来阐述教学过程中如何运用知识表征理论来进行教学。     

Exploring teachers' instructional design practices from a systems design perspective

Curricular changes in higher vocationaleducation have rendered teachers' instructionaldesign activities increasingly important. Usinga repertory grid technique, this paper sets outto analyse current design activities of tenteacher trainers. Their actual approach iscompared with an instructional systems design(ISD) approach and related to innovativeteacher roles. Teachers' activities show animbalance in two ID phases, that is problemanalysis and evaluation. The results suggestthat they attempt to translate curricular goalsdirectly into concrete lessons and they payrelatively little attention to evaluation. Inline with this finding, they underrate the twoinnovative teacher roles of the `diagnostician'and the `evaluator'. It is argued thatimbalanced or incomplete design approaches andperceived roles may hinder innovation ineducation. Implications for the support ofteachers' design activities are discussed.     

简论创新教学的教学设计

培养学生的创新素质必须实施创新教学,进行创新教学的教学设计是实施创新教学的重要保证,搞好教学评价是优化创新教学的重要环节.     

Philosophical implications for the design of instruction

There is a long history connecting philosophyand learning that dates at least back toPlato's dialogues and includes suchdistinguished modern scholars as Dewey, Piaget,and Vygotsky. More recently the discussionabout the relationship between philosophy andlearning has arisen in the context ofconstructivism. Given the long history andprominence of this discussion, it is perhapsworthwhile to revisit foundational concernslinking philosophical perspectives and learningtheory, and to explore what implications mayexist for the design of instruction. Theargument presented herein is that there arephilosophical implications for the design ofinstruction, and, further, that they are poorlyunderstood and not applied consistently.     

高职高专英语口语课程的教学设计

社会的发展对高职高专学生的英语口语能力提出了越来越高的要求,英语口语教学也得到了更多的重视。但口语课程由于其自身的特点,在教学中有许多困难。本文就英语口语课程的教学设计作一些探讨,试图寻求有效方法以提高教学效果。     

Which events can cause iteration in instructional design? An empirical study of the design process

Instructional design is not a linear process: designers have to weigh the advantages and disadvantages of alternative solutions, taking into account different kinds of conflicting and changing constraints. To make sure that they eventually choose the most optimal one, they have to keep on collecting information, reconsidering continuously whether their own decisions are still justified in the light of the latest insights. We have studied the role of iteration during instructional design. For our research, we have used an ISD-based method for the specification of training simulators. During our empirical evaluation study, we introduced five events that are likely to cause iteration. The results show that the quality of the designs is not directly related to the amount of iteration. We conclude that there are different kinds of iteration, triggered by different kinds of actions and events. We propose a list of triggers for iteration some of which originate from outside (new information, new opinions/arguments and acquisition procedures); others are caused by, or evolve from interaction with the design process itself (discovery of missing input, need to repair errors, new insights based on work later on in the design process, and new ideas of the designers). in final form: 4 August 2005     

基于问题解决的处方教学设计

问题是知识结构的心脏,是教师教学的心脏,是学生学习的心脏。教学过程实质上是师生基于问题解决的互动过程,教学设计则指向于问题与问题解决过程的有效设计。前者在于教学过程中的“临床诊断”,后者在于“开处方”。教学设计可归结为基于问题解决的处方教学设计。     

教学系统设计方法在培训领域中的应用

教学系统设计方法在国内外企业培训领域中占有主导地位。本文阐述了教学系统设计在培训领域的应用方法和过程,并对如何在培训中实施教学系统设计做了具体深入的分析。另外,本文也探讨了随着社会的发展,教学系统设计在培训领域的应用中出现的问题,并对此给出了作者的几点看法。     

教学活动的生成过程及其功能属性

教学活动是一个具有主体一客体关系、主体一主体关系和主体一自身关系的三重结构,包含有主体与客体之间的双向对象化,活动、行为与操作之间的相互转化,外部活动的内化与内部活动的外化,以及学生个体的主动建构与师生之间的社会建构四种内部转换过程,由此形成了教学活动的生成性质以及教学活动对学生发展的功能实现机制.     

传统教学设计与现代教学设计之我见

本文介绍传统教学设计和现代教学设计之间的区别,共同点和联系,基于对二者的认知,对在传统的教学设计的基础上发展的现代教学设计提出要求。更好地了解二者设计理念的差异与相同,来更好地服务于实际的教学实践中。     

Using learning principles as a theoretical framework for instructional consultations

Learning theory provides a powerful framework for analyzing instructional consultations and increasing their effectiveness. In this paper, the authors review the main tenets of learning theory, apply them to consultation scenarios, and present a complex case study to show how they can guide analysis and problem solving around challenging consultations.     

The implications of the differences between design research and instructional systems design for educational technology researchers and practitioners

Design research (DR) has been an emerging research paradigm in the field of educational technology as well as in education generally for two decades. Educational design research integrates design and research into a socially responsible approach to inquiry related to learning and teaching. Given its still relative novelty, design research requires further discussion regarding what it is and how it can be effectively executed. Instructional Systems Design (ISD) is one of the major activities carried out by educational technologists. Both ISD and design research deal with the enactment of design to improve educational practice. This paper describes the differences and similarities between these two activities and addresses the implications of these differences and similarities for educational technology researchers and practitioners.     

对高职生实施主体性教育的课堂教学设计

从语用角度出发，简要分析了同语反复句的五种语用含义，或表示强调所举称的两者不同；或表示一种赞扬、羡慕的口吻；或表示态度的坚定；或表示宽容；或表示强调事实。同时又从修辞角度分析了它特殊的表达效果，主要表现在形式简约、含义丰富，句式本身有着强烈的申辩意味等。     

Three worlds of instructional design: State of the art and future directions

Three worlds of ID are distinguished. The Worldof Knowledge stresses the analysis of learningoutcomes in knowledge structures and theselection of instructional strategies forparticular outcomes; the World of Learningfocuses on particular learning processes andthe synthesis of strategies that support thoseprocesses; the World of Work focuses onreal-life task performance and strategies thatsupport learners while they work on authenticproblems. Contributions to this Special Issueare discussed within the three-world framework.Implications for future research are discussed,stressing the promise of mental models as atheoretical construct that may help to buildbridges between the three worlds.     

《摄影技术基础》网络课程的教学设计

本文结合《摄影技术基础》网络课程的设计和制作,探讨网络课程开发中的教学设计问题。