国外数字资源长期保存发展历程

数字资源长期保存已经成为一个全球性的问题.本文试图梳理国外在数字信息资源长期保存方面探索和实践的发展历程,以期对国内文献机构开展保存项目提供参考和借鉴.     

2007年国外数字资源长期保存研究述评

数字资源长期保存是图书情报机构在“订购-访问”占主流的资源建设模式下保障信息服务持续、稳固开展的长效措施。2007年,国外有学者就数字资源长期保存开展10年的实践活动与理论研究做了全面回顾;也有学者从数字资源长期保存面临的挑战、数字资源长期保存的对象、数字资源长期保存过程中涉及的技术、各方权益以及全球性或地区性合作与共享等角度开展研究。技术问题与非技术问题的研究并重、关注研究较优的数字资源长期保存方案,是2007年国外数字资源长期保存研究的突出特点。     

中外版权限制对数字资源长期保存的影响

近年来,数字资源长期保存问题的研究成为业界关注的热点,而各国版权法对数字资源保存的主体、权限范围等方面的限制与例外规定直接影响着该国的数字资源长期保存的进展。本文通过对澳大利亚、美国、英国等代表性国家的数字资源长期保存实践以及版权限制情况的介绍,透析我国数字资源长期保存的现状,并提出了一些可操作性的建议。     

中国图书馆数字文献资源长期保存现状调查

调查了中国40余家主要图书馆在数字资源长期保存的态度、安排以及对保存模式的考虑等情况.调查发现数字资源长期保存已经成为多数图书馆非常关心的问题,多数图书馆对长期保存持积极态度并已开展保存实践,大部分图书馆倾向于采用合作保存模式,但仍有一些图书馆处于观望状态.     

数字资源长期保存研究综述(1)--技术、系统、框架

技术、系统和框架的研究是数字资源长期保存研究中的重要内容之一，各种实践和研究表明，技术的过时是引起数字资源保存问题的重要因素，也是解决数字资源保存的重要手段。数字保存系统和框架是数字资源的存储工具，如何设计适于数字资源长期的系统框架也是数字资源长期保存研究的重点。     

美国印第安纳州与蒙大拿州数字资源长期保存的实践与启示

[目的/意义]介绍美国印第安纳州与蒙大拿州数字资源长期保存的实践，为我国图书馆数字资源保存工作提供参考与借鉴。[方法/过程]从组织架构、政策与资金支持、技术服务平台及项目的特点等方面对美国印第安纳州与蒙大拿州数字资源长期保存的实践进行对比分析，归纳总结数字保存的方法与经验。[结果/结论]获得的启示包括：利用全国高校图工委各级组织开展自上而下的宣传教育；建立可持续发展的资金支持机制；在合作基础上开展试点项目；评估本机构的数字保存现状并明确数字保存的需求；参考数字资源保存的成熟案例制定数字保存政策；选用合适的技术平台与服务。     

数字资源长期保存的国家宏观规划与管理相关问题分析

数字资源长期保存是目前国际上热点研究课题之一,受到世界范围的重视。我国尚未把数字资源长期保存的宏观规划和管理放到应有位置。本文在总结国内研究与实践成果的基础上,指出政府在数字资源长期保存中的角色,提出数字资源长期保存在国家层面上应做好的几方面工作。     

国外数字资源长期保存和长效利用研究进展

随着信息技术的发展,数字资源成为人类知识信息传播与利用的主要形式。数字资源的长期保存和长效利用日益成为国际上关注的战略焦点。论文阐述了国际组织联合国教科文组织(UNESCO)、国际图联(IFLA)、英国数字保存联盟(DPC)等的数字保存研究及其实践活动,介绍了美国、英国、澳大利亚和荷兰等国家图书馆的数字保存项目及研究进展,分析了国际背景下数字保存的变化发展趋势,涉及国家图书馆的主导作用,协同合作的全球化,第三方保存的发展,知识产权和存档权的变化以及保存时间和保存内容的变化等,并提出我国应借鉴国外成功经验,进一步加强数字资源长期保存和长效利用体系建设,确保数字资源长期、稳定、可持续地为科研人员获取和利用。     

国内外数字资源长期保存活动进展与启示

随着数字资源的急速增长,数字资源长期保存面临严峻考验.文章主要阐述了数字资源长期保存的特点,国内外较为典型的数字资源长期保存项目以及这些实践活动给我国数字资源长期保存带来的启示,要求我国增强数字资源长期保存意识,发挥国家图书馆的主导作用,广泛进行合作,拓展资金渠道以及建立完善的法律保障体系.     

Portico：第三方数字资源长期保存模式初探

系统介绍第三方数字资源长期保存模式Portico提出的历史背景与发展现状,从机构组织、经费来源、内容保存方式三个方面分析其经营模式,探讨其采取的各种措施,进而分析该项目在保存费用确定及合作机制等方面存在的问题,未我国数字资源长期保存活动的开展提供实践依据。     

简论媒体的责、权、利与规范

本文从责权利角度论述了媒体责任、权利与规范之间的一般关系。认为职业规范是由职业责任与权利共同决定的,职业责任与职业权利是促使媒体伦理规范形成和发展一个必然的、永恒的基础和动力。本文认为“完成责任必须用好权利,正确地使用权利是第一位的责任”。具体来说,职业权利=职业权力+职业利益。因此,针对媒体权力部分的规范是为了防止媒体职业权力的异化,对媒体利益的规范是用以保证媒体及记者收益和正当性。     

Basic concepts of entropy, order, organization, information, knowledge, and meaning

The classical concept of entropy is shown not to reflect the essence of the second law of thermodynamics both phenomenologically and theoretically. A new concept of entropy, S _n , is given, which offers a particular physical meaning of entropy and provides an experimental determination of the entropy value. This allows one to avoid many attempts at defining the phenomenon of life via entropy characteristics and give definitions of life and an elementary structure of both life itself and devices that simulate life (automata, computers, and robots.). This, in turn, allows one to assign a substantive sense to the mathematical character of corresponding sciences (information theory, cybernetics, system theory, etc.) and define operational basic concepts of information, knowledge, meaning, and control, as well as to formulate operational concepts of order, organization, and self-organization and implement a new approach to problems of biology, biophysics, information theory, cybernetics, and system theory.     

Talk of saying,showing, gesturing,and feeling in Wittgenstein and Vygotsky

I have a number of interlocking concerns in this paper. Primarily, I want to highlight the practical importance of introducing new and different words into the ways of talking we employ in conducting our social lives together—and why it is that some forms of talk (talk of feeling and feelings, for instance) are much more difficult for us to employ than others. For although we clearly do influence other people's behavior (and our own) with words, we are still so fixated upon the idea of words as arbitrary ‘forms’ representing states of affairs, that we find it difficult to talk of our words in this way, especially of them as having an influence on our own conduct as thinkers and speakers, as listeners, readers, and writers and so on. We can better understand our words as functioning in this way, I suggest, if we see them primarily as having a relational function, that is, as working to relate us both to each other and to our surroundings in direct, immediate, and practical ways. Both Wittgenstein and Vygotsky discuss this gestural, nonrepresentational, function of words in coming to a grasp of people's psychological nature. Thus my aim in the paper is to explore what they claim is involved, practically, in drawing each other's (and our own) attention to the more embodied, less cognitive, aspects of our own activities in the world, and to bring to attention the power of our embodied ‘voices’ in doing this.     

图书馆人的学养与精神生活

现代图书馆人是兼具专业技能和综合性知识修养的学人，应具备学养型的质素，崇尚学人型的精神生活，积极培育并臻于良好的学养境界。     

Remixing,Reposting, and Reblogging: Digital Media,Theories of the Image,and Copyright Law

Social media have changed the way we create, share, and experience visual media. Such collaborative exchanges defy traditional notions of ownership and do not conform to copyright's view of the image as a singularly “fixed” construct. In mobile contexts especially, images are dialogic, conveying far more complicated messages than ever before. This article relies on an examination of theories of the image to inform discussions about copyright reform in the digital age. It briefly explores visual culture theory and the status of visual media in copyright law, and it offers suggestions for how copyright law might adapt to encourage online visual expression, creativity, and economic gain.     

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender health issues, disparities, and information resources

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) persons, while widely diverse in many ways, share health disparities related to the stigma and discrimination they experience, including disproportionate rates of psychiatric disorders, substance abuse, and suicide. Lesbians, gay men, bisexuals, and the transgender communities have additional health concerns and disparities unique to each population. This paper highlights the national recognition of these health issues and disparities and presents web-based information resources about them and their mitigation.     

Lesbian,Gay, Bisexual,and Transgender Health Issues,Disparities, and Information Resources

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) persons, while widely diverse in many ways, share health disparities related to the stigma and discrimination they experience, including disproportionate rates of psychiatric disorders, substance abuse, and suicide. Lesbians, gay men, bisexuals, and the transgender communities have additional health concerns and disparities unique to each population. This paper highlights the national recognition of these health issues and disparities and presents web-based information resources about them and their mitigation.     

Zastroika,Perestroika, Rasstroika,Dostroika, and Us

No abstract available for this article.