Effects of instruction and stage-fright on intelligence testing

In the present research, it was tried to unravel the influence of various types of instruction on test anxiety levels and, in turn, its influence on intelligence test performance. Three types of instruction were compared: a stressful, achievement-orientated instruction; a reassuring, task-orientated instruction; and an ambiguous instruction. Before the instruction, trait anxiety was measured with the trait version of the state-trait anxiety questionnaire and negative fear of failure with a standard questionnaire. Within each instructional condition, there were two test sessions with four intelligence tests each. Before each session, state anxiety was measured with the state version of the state-trait anxiety questionnaire and test anxiety with a standard test anxiety questionnaire. It turns out that state anxiety and test anxiety do not increase more rapidly as a function of anxiety disposition under stressful conditions compared with reassuring conditions. As in previous research, stage-fright effects were observed in the sense that repeated measures of state anxiety and test anxiety showed a decline of average anxiety levels.     

运用现代教育技术促进学生多元智能发展实践模式探究

当前风靡于世界的国际教育新理念——多元智能理论是一个较为完备的理论体系，该理论的内涵与我国目前正在倡导实施的素质教育有着密切的内在联系，是对素质教育的最好诠释。现代教育技术与多元智能发展之间也有着天然的、密切的关系，在促进多元智能发展方面具有多维多面的作用。积极探索运用现代教育技术促进多元智能发展的实践模式，它对于促进学生多元智能的发展，实施和推进素质教育具有直接的指导、整合和引领作用。     

基于FSM的测试自动化框架研究与实现

在数据驱动测试框架基础上,引入基于模型的测试思想,提出了一种支持软件测试全过程的测试自动化框架(GSTAF4SEI)。将该框架应用于项目CQMIS中,证明该框架的可行性。     

借鉴多元智能理论:换一种眼光看教育

在传统智力理论基础上形成的一整套教育观念支撑着目前学校教育制度的发展,并形成了以这种智力观为基础的完整的教学体系.多元智能理论的可贵之处就在于,它向传统的单一智力理论为基础的教育观念提出了一系列挑战.     

基于云平台的现代岩土测试技术实验教学改革与实践

针对现代岩土测试技术课程实验教学中存在的问题,设计和建构了基于云平台的现代岩土测试系统。通过该系统可以实现测试数据上传云端,对信息进行汇总分析和预判,并将结果通过云平台发送手机等终端,解决了人工处理数据难等问题,改革和重构了实验教学体系,提高了工作效率和测试准确性。该系统有利于学生动手能力和科研能力提升,有利于学生创新和独立思考能力培养。     

基于毒品层析试条定量测试仪的研究

阐述了MOR层析试条测试仪的基本结构、工作原理以及光电传感器的设计。实验表明，用该仪器对免疫层析试夺进行定量检测是可能的。     

中学生及其家长内隐智力观的发展研究

采用半结构式访谈调查与问卷调查相结合的方法,对中学生及其家长的内隐智力观进行了研究.在对聪明男生和女生的最重要特征的评定中,研究发现:①学生对于智力的理解多集中于与学习和人际交往有关的因素,并且其深刻性随着年龄增长达到更高水平.②家长对于智力的理解多集中在与学习及身·心健康有关的因素,并表现出随被评价人年龄增长而调整的趋势.③学生与家长的内隐智力观既具有某些一致性,主要表现为时不同年龄和性别的评价对象进行了不同的评价;也有一定的差异,具体为学生和家长关注的方面有所不同.     

Modeling effects on the intelligence test performance of test-anxious children

To evaluate the efficacy of modeling techniques for enhancing the performance of test-anxious children, 96 low-, middle-, and high-test-anxious children were assigned to one of three modeling conditions varying in degree of task structure and information provided about a testing session. Children either viewed a modeling film depicting an anxious peer overcoming test anxiety during a test session (Observation condition); viewed a similar film in which the examiner instructed the anxious child in coping techniques (Coping condition); or saw an unrelated film (Control condition). Contrary to expectations, no film nor anxiety effect nor any interactions were significant. Failure to replicate previous studies was attributed to control of examiner bias, superior statistical and experimental controls, and to differences in subject characteristics. The efficacy of modeling films in enhancing rapport during the test situation has not been conclusively demonstrated.     

以史为镜裨理行——论当下教育理论研究与实践中的历史感缺失

当下教育理论研究与实践中的历史感缺失已日益成为制约教育理论研究和实践健康发展的瓶颈之一。这种历史感的缺失主要表现为:(1)历史知识的缺失;(2)历史意识的缺失;(3)历史情感的缺失等方面。     

普通高师现代教育技术公共课教学改革的思考

通过对普通高师现代教育技术公共课开设现状及存在问题的分析,提出对于其教学改革的措施.     

Implicit theories of intelligence,goal orientation,cognitive engagement,and achievement: A test of Dweck’s model with returning to school adults

This study tested and extended Dweck’s social-cognitive theory of motivation with adults who deliberately chose to face the challenge of returning to school. We examined the relationships among beliefs (implicit theories) on the nature of intelligence, goal orientation, cognitive engagement in learning, and achievement using path analyses. Findings were generally consistent with Dweck’s theoretical predictions. Striving for competence improvement (mastery goals) had a positive impact on learning activities and outcomes, while striving to demonstrate competence (performance goals) or to avoid effort (work avoidance) had a negative influence on learning and achievement. Additionally, data suggested that mastery goals had a positive influence on academic achievement through the mediation of effort expenditure. The predicted effects of implicit theories of intelligence on goal orientation and cognitive engagement in learning, however, failed to emerge. Results are discussed in relation to their general theoretical implications and with regard to the specific characteristics of returning to school adults.     

Educational science,mental testing,and the ideology of intelligence

Abstract

Early childhood education has been characterised in recent times by discussion associated with the similarities, differences and various merits of developmental and sociocultural theory as theoretical informants to curriculum and educational practice. In the main, these discussions centre on the way each theory views development and positions the child as a learner. This article argues that the debate may be furthered by considering the extent to which each perspective is related to the other and draws on Kuhn's conceptualisation of the evolution of knowledge in communities of practice in order to examine the extent to which newer explanations for development are being considered in relation to traditional ideas. The article concludes with an emphasis on the idea that the evolution of knowledge concerned with children's development and learning is a process of continued growth and one that requires an active awareness as to how and why it is utilised and interpreted as an informant to early childhood education.     

Implicit theories of intelligence predict achievement across an adolescent transition: a longitudinal study and an intervention

Two studies explored the role of implicit theories of intelligence in adolescents' mathematics achievement. In Study 1 with 373 7th graders, the belief that intelligence is malleable (incremental theory) predicted an upward trajectory in grades over the two years of junior high school, while a belief that intelligence is fixed (entity theory) predicted a flat trajectory. A mediational model including learning goals, positive beliefs about effort, and causal attributions and strategies was tested. In Study 2, an intervention teaching an incremental theory to 7th graders ( N =48) promoted positive change in classroom motivation, compared with a control group ( N =43). Simultaneously, students in the control group displayed a continuing downward trajectory in grades, while this decline was reversed for students in the experimental group.     

Leveraging complexity frameworks to refine theories of engagement: Advancing self-regulated learning in the age of artificial intelligence

Capturing evidence for dynamic changes in self-regulated learning (SRL) behaviours resulting from interventions is challenging for researchers. In the current study, we identified students who were likely to do poorly in a biology course and those who were likely to do well. Then, we randomly assigned a portion of the students predicted to perform poorly to a science of learning to learn intervention where they were taught SRL study strategies. Learning outcome and log data (257 K events) were collected from n = 226 students. We used a complex systems framework to model the differences in SRL including the amount, interrelatedness, density and regularity of engagement captured in digital trace data (ie, logs). Differences were compared between students who were predicted to (1) perform poorly (control, n = 48), (2) perform poorly and received intervention (treatment, n = 95) and (3) perform well (not flagged, n = 83). Results indicated that the regularity of students' engagement was predictive of course grade, and that the intervention group exhibited increased regularity in engagement over the control group immediately after the intervention and maintained that increase over the course of the semester. We discuss the implications of these findings in relation to the future of artificial intelligence and potential uses for monitoring student learning in online environments.

Practitioner notes

What is already known about this topic

• Self-regulated learning (SRL) knowledge and skills are strong predictors of postsecondary STEM student success.
• SRL is a dynamic, temporal process that leads to purposeful student engagement.
• Methods and metrics for measuring dynamic SRL behaviours in learning contexts are needed.

What this paper adds

• A Markov process for measuring dynamic SRL processes using log data.
• Evidence that dynamic, interaction-dominant aspects of SRL predict student achievement.
• Evidence that SRL processes can be meaningfully impacted through educational intervention.

Implications for theory and practice

• Complexity approaches inform theory and measurement of dynamic SRL processes.
• Static representations of dynamic SRL processes are promising learning analytics metrics.
• Engineered features of LMS usage are valuable contributions to AI models.

     

基于计算机及网络技术的大型仪器管理研究

以扫描电镜为例,分析计算机及网络技术在大型仪器使用管理中的应用。实践证明,计算机及网络技术的应用能够更好地促进大型仪器的开放共享,有利于仪器的使用管理,方便仪器的维护,提高仪器的使用效益。