中美中学生学科知识结构的比较研究——基于概念图评价技术的实验研究

A concept map is a schematic device for representing a set of concept meanings embedded in a framework of propositions. It can be used to evaluate students’ knowledge structure. This article introduces the comparative study of Chinese and American secondary school students’ knowledge structure. They are compared quantitatively and qualitatively in terms of mean score, individual proposition scores, proposition choice and map structure. The results indicate that students’ knowledge structures in the two countries are remarkably different. Compared with American students, Chinese students’ ability to take an exam is stronger and their mean score is higher. However, Chinese students need to improve their general knowledge and creativity although their basic knowledge is solid and they are better in mastering discipline knowledge and knowledge application. __________ Translated from Bijiao Jiaoyu Yanjiu 比较教育研究 (Comparative Education Review), 2008, (2): 12–16     

The comparison study of Chinese and American secondary school students’ knowledge structure —an experimental research based on concept map assessment technique

A concept map is a schematic device for representing a set of concept meanings embedded in a framework of propositions. It can be used to evaluate students’ knowledge structure. This article introduces the comparative study of Chinese and American secondary school students’ knowledge structure. They are compared quantitatively and qualitatively in terms of mean score, individual proposition scores, proposition choice and map structure. The results indicate that students’ knowledge structures in the two countries are remarkably different. Compared with American students, Chinese students’ ability to take an exam is stronger and their mean score is higher. However, Chinese students need to improve their general knowledge and creativity although their basic knowledge is solid and they are better in mastering discipline knowledge and knowledge application.     

中学政治学科实施德育的优势与特点

中学开设的政治课是对学生进行德育的主要和核心途径,它发挥着重要而特殊的德育功能。政治学科实施德育有其自身的优势和特点,有一些成功的经验和做法值得我们借鉴,也有一些问题应引起我们的注意。     

关于健全中职学校教师评价制度的一些思考

教师是学校最重要的人力资源。教师评价是教师管理的重要部分,不但关系到教师自身的发展,而且影响到学校的未来。良好的评价制度,有助于教师业务能力的持续发展,也是校园文化人本性的重要体现。中职学校在制订教师评价制度时,应当基于自身的特点,以健全、科学和高效为原则。     

Everton/feeder schools’ reading and language project. An exercise in co‐operation

Following concern about the language problems experienced by many children in Everton, a working party was set up to investigate the situation. This consisted of the Language Co‐ordinators from five local primary schools along with English and Special Needs staff from the secondary school, chaired by the Head of the District Reading and Language Service. After three successful years the working party has achieved a high level of co‐operation. For example, a joint Resource Room has been established at the secondary school, containing over £5000 worth of materials; we are now using a ‘Transfer Pack’ consisting of a common test, an agreed information pro forma and examples of the children's work. These projects are looked on as only the start; many others are in the pipeline.     

美、加等国表现性评价制度对我国中小学教师评价的启示

自20世纪80年代起,美国、加拿大等国开始在中小学教师专业资格认定中使用表现性评价。文章在对中小学教师表现性评价这一概念的核心内涵进行界定的基础上,简述了美、加等国推行表现性评价制度的基本情况,分析了表现性评价的积极意义;同时分析了其对我国中小学教师评价的积极借鉴价值;最后谈了我国实施中小学教师表现性评价的看法。     

国外中学教材评价研究的比较及启示

英国、美国、比利时、斯洛伐克、土耳其、俄罗斯、菲律宾等国的基础教育教材评价研究成果非常丰富,其教材评价体系比较完备,并且各具特色。比较这些国家的研究成果,能够在教材评价维度的划分、评价标准的确定、评价方法的选用等方面为我国中学教材跟踪调研工作带来有益启示。     

Teachers’ curriculum agency in teaching a standards-based curriculum

Abstract

In 2011, Sweden introduced explicit standards for the curriculum used in compulsory schooling through the implementation of ‘knowledge requirements’ that align content, abilities and assessment criteria. This article explores and analyses social science teachers’ curriculum agency through a theoretical framework comprised of ‘teacher agency’ and Bernstein’s concepts of ‘pedagogic device’, ‘hierarchical knowledge structure’ and ‘horizontal knowledge structure’. Teachers’ curriculum agency, in recontextualisation of the curriculum, is described and understood through three different ‘spaces’: a collective space, an individual space and an interactive space in the classroom. The curriculum and time are important for the possibilities of agency – the teachers state that the new knowledge requirements compel them to include and assess a lot of content in each ‘curriculum task’. It is possible to identify a recontextualisation process of ‘borrowing’ and combining content from curriculum tasks across the different subjects. This process is explained by the horizontal knowledge structure and ‘weak grammar’ of the social sciences. Abilities, on the other hand, stand out as elements of a hierarchical knowledge structure in which a discursive space is opened for knowledge to transcend contexts and provides opportunities for meaning-making. The space gives teachers room for action and for integrating disciplinary content.     

Teachers’ engagement with published research: addressing the knowledge problem

Despite the increased interest in research impact, there is very little empirical evidence that educational research can inform practice directly, and furthermore, a body of literature which suggests that this is, in principle, impossible. This paper reports on a study in which secondary school teachers were given research findings about teaching gifted and talented students, and were supported, over a 12-month period, to incorporate findings into action research projects of their own devising. A theoretical framework from the research literature was used to investigate the process by which knowledge generated from research, was transformed into teachers’ pedagogical knowledge, thereby influencing the curriculum, pedagogy and provision for these students. Evidence suggests that teachers transformed propositional knowledge into practical knowledge by developing their conceptual understandings; they transformed abstract, impersonal knowledge into context-specific, personal knowledge by using cases from their previous experiences, and they transformed narrowly focused knowledge into broadly focused knowledge by imaginatively diffusing it into areas beyond those in the original research. Implications for research and practice are discussed.     

Comparing Pre-Service Teachers’ PCK Through 9E Instructional Practice: A Case of Mathematics and Technology Pre-Service Teachers

Instructional practice plays a significant role in understanding teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). The aim of the study reported on was to compare mathematics and technology pre-service teachers’ knowledge of PCK. The study used a case study approach of five mathematics and five technology pre-service teachers with a total of ten. Data was collected in seven public schools around Gauteng province in South Africa. The observation technique was employed in order to understand students’ classroom practice, using a video camera to capture the setting. One lesson of 45 minutes presented by each pre-service teacher, rendering a total of ten lessons, was observed. The study adapted the theoretical framework of PCK (Shulman 1987). The study scrutinised the data based on the qualitative content analysis method and found that most pre-service teachers in both mathematics and technology possess a limited knowledge of PCK. In both subjects, most of the pre-service teachers’ classroom practice did not exhibit comprehensive knowledge of the subject matter or knowledge of the learners. However, the difference is that only mathematics pre-service teachers have some knowledge of assessment. The data also indicate that “9E” instructional practice can be a valuable tool to enhance field-specific PCK within the field of mathematics and technology education subjects. Therefore, the study proposes further investigation of the “9E” instructional model that could be used as field-specific PCK within the fields of mathematics, science and technology.     

论初中地理学科能力与培养

本文从地理学科的特色出发 ,提出初中阶段地理学科能力的内容包括运用地图能力、综合分析能力、地理预测能力、空间想象能力 ,在此基础上 ,分析了地理学科能力的结构及培养策略。     

现代课程知识的流变:价值观的视野

以现代教育“四流派”为个案,以价值观演变为主线是开展课程知识研究的一种重要策略。实用主义、要素主义、结构主义和后现代主义课程知识观流派都从自己的时代出发阐明了他们在课程知识领域的价值所向。通过对这些理论的历史考察,可以认为:社会事件是决定人们对课程知识价值定位的诱因和关键;日益多元化是课程知识价值抉择的大势所趋;对民主化社会的执着追求主导着课程知识价值论争的主题。     

Pedagogical Reasoning: Issues and Solutions for the Teaching and Learning of ICT in Secondary Schools

Confusion has developed over the role of ICT in schools as a result of conflicting messages from government-led initiatives and changes in the technology. Amidst the ongoing debate about the purpose and rational for ICT in schools a subject has evolved called ICT (Information and Communications Technology), IT or Informatics. Whilst the nature and content of the subject has been fairly clearly defined with significant agreement between specifications from a range of countries, the pedagogy is still unclear. The analysis that I present here of the pedagogical reasoning process as it applies to ICT teachers who are implementing the ICT curriculum in England reveals the basis of the difficulties in teaching ICT and leads to the identification of issues for the development and integration of theories and practices for learning and teaching ICT. These issues are discussed in relation to developments in pedagogy in other curriculum areas, notably science, and an agenda for developing a pedagogy for ICT is proposed.     

中小学生课外获得环境知识的不同渠道与其环境意识的关联程度

调查计算表明,中小学生课外主要从环境保护宣传活动和广播电视中获得环境知识的学生在环境意识的各个部分与综合表现明显高于其它渠道,可以认为,环境保护宣传活动和广播电视是课外提高中小学生环境意识的有效方式.