科学史与现代科学

一、思想方法:科学史与现代科学的交接点 什么是历史?什么是现代?这个界限很难划分.有人认为,今天报纸上登载的事情绝大部分都是历史,因为它发生在昨天或昨天以前,都是过去时态.按照这个说法,除了今天正在研究或正在计划中的科学工作以外,所有科学都属于历史范畴.这种说法当然很难得到多数人的同意,而且也不现实.     

Making knowledge: history, literature, and the poetics of science

As a field of study, literature and science has gradually expanded to encompass both the impact of science on literary culture and the literary-linguistic practices intrinsic to the production of scientific knowledge. Such transformations both reinforce and fundamentally recalibrate the detailed attention focused on scientific practice by historians of science since the 1980s. As a result, this essay and the Focus section it introduces suggest that history of science and literature and science are, in fact, interdependent fields. Attention to their convergences will yield better understanding of the performative dimensions of scientific practices and thence of science itself as a form of making of knowledge of things and events in the world of nature. Science as a form of making involves the convergence of things, material practices, and a panoply of meaningful artifacts-instruments of thought and action-that refuse any simple dichotomy between "text" and "action."     

New directions in the history of modern science in China: global science and comparative history

These essays collectively present new perspectives on the history of modem science in China since 1900. Fa-ti Fan describes how science under the Republic of China after 1911 exhibited a complex local and international character that straddled both imperialism and colonialism. Danian Hu focuses on the fate of relativity in the physics community in China after 1917. Zuoyue Wang hopes that a less nationalist political atmosphere in China will stimulate more transnational studies of modern science, which will in turn reveal the underlying commonalities in different national contexts. Sigrid Schmalzer compares the socialist and the capitalist contexts for science in China and reopens the sensitive question of the mass line during the Cultural Revolution. Grace Shen describes the tensions early Chinese scientists felt when choosing between foreign models for modem geology and their own professional identities in China. Taken together, these accounts present us with a comparative history of modern science in China that is both globally and locally informed.     

如何做好哲学社会科学研究成果的评价体系工作

本文结合陕西师范大学哲学社会科学研究管理现状和工作经验,论述了做好哲学社会科学研究成果评价体系的工作措施:强调质量指标在评价体系中的重要性,质量评价的核心是创新;建立符合哲学社会科学成果特点的分类评价标准;高质量成果的产出要依靠科学合理的评审制度、监督机制和公正的学术批评制度。     

创新文化研究的科学哲学定位

我国对创新文化的研究与探讨已有5年多了，目前正是深入阶段，我们对创新文化的研究也应该超脱背景意义的层面。本文是在“创新”和“文化”这两个概念形式的内涵变迁基础上理解和把握创新文化的，强调科学领域创新文化研究应从作为背景意义的层面触及到科学活动本身、深入创新文化的内核，从而对其研究进行科学哲学的定位。     

History of mathematics and history of science

This essay argues that the diversity of the history of mathematics community in the United Kingdom has influenced the development of the subject and is a significant factor behind the different concerns often evident in work on the history of mathematics when compared with that of historians of science. The heterogeneous nature of the community, which includes many who are not specialist historians, and the limited opportunities for academic careers open to practitioners have had a profound effect on the discipline, leading to a focus on elite mathematics and great mathematicians. More recently, reflecting earlier developments in the history of science, an increased interest in the context and culture of the practice of mathematics has become evident.