更新学习观念

信息化、学习化的时代，学习的重要性超过了历史上任何一个时代，学习的理论、方法也在与时俱进。我们应该以学习就是快乐、学习就是财富、学习就是榜样、学习就是工作、学习就是生活、学习就是交流、学习才能与时俱进、学习是一种能力、学习是一种良好的习惯、学习是一种生活的积极态度、学习就能健康、学习是每个人的责任、学习是每个人的需要的学习观念，迎接学习化社会的挑战。     

小学非正式学习的价值意涵及实施路径

非正式学习与正式学习有着不同的学习路径和育人价值。在教育场景中,正式学习近乎“垄断”了小学学习生活,带来了学习内容局限、学习形式单一、目标指向过浓、学习后劲不足等现实隐忧。将非正式学习纳入小学学习,实现非正式学习与正式学习的互补,可带来更为丰富的学习样态、无界的学习内容、去功利化的学习目的、自发的学习过程。非正式学习可遵循以需要做导向、以实践为推进、以反思促生长、以输出来激发的实施路径。为适配非正式学习,相关教师也需要有相应的职能转向。     

核心素养视域下的深度学习：内涵、特征与原则

深度学习并不是一种单一的学习方式、学习过程、学习结果,而是指向一种融通于整个学习过程的、综合的、理想的学习状态。在这一学习状态中,学生的学习方式、学习过程以及学习结果都达到一种理想的境界。其特征是学习方式的多元融合性、学习状态的沉浸体验性、学习结果的理解迁移性。要贯彻和落实深度学习理念,应坚守教学性、相对性、基于课标等原则。     

关注学习状态 促进有效学习

学习状态是一个人学习时心态、身体、学习方法等综合作用下所处的状态,具体表现为在学习过程中学生对学习的兴趣、学习时的情绪、学习的主动性、学习的参与程度、学习的持久性、学习的稳定性、学习的意志力等。提高学习状态是个长期的过程,往往需要数月、数年的不懈努力。好的学习状态必须有好的心态和好的身体做支撑。     

学习方式:成人学习在网络教育中转轨

网络学习是一种主动的、个性化的、基于资源的学习,它的主要对象是成人。网络学习所具有的开放性、交互性、多样性等特征,使成人学习必须从维持性学习、模仿性学习、群体性学习、竞争性学习转变为创新性学习、自主性学习、个性化学习以及合作性学习。     

地方本科院校学生弹性学习特征研究

运用问卷调查法,从学习空间、学习时间、学习方式、学习内容等方面对地方本科院校大学生弹性学习展开研究。研究发现,大学生弹性学习呈现出选择网络空间学习趋势明显、物理空间选择偏向非正式学习空间、学习时间投入不足、学习方式独立化、学习工具多样化、学习过程具有较强的网络依赖性、课程内容学习与兴趣课程学习并重等特点。在此基础上,进一步分析不同性别、年级和专业的大学生在弹性学习上的选择差异,并有针对性地提出提高大学生弹性学习效率的建议：加强大学生学习空间选择指导、创设良好的学习环境、加强学生学习指导等。     

关于职校生学习力的调查报告

通过对职校生学习体力、学习动机、学习习惯、学习兴趣、学习途径、学习方法、学习交流、学习意志的调查,发现职校生的学习力不如人意。认为可以通过端正学习态度,增强职校生学习动力;重视学法指导,提高职校生学习能力;强化技能训练,培养职校生学习毅力三个方面来提高职校生的学习力。     

从学习论的视角看电子化学习带来的新命题

电子化学习是一种新的学习方式,它与传统的书本学习、课堂学习不同。它的出现,给人类带来了新的命题。从学习论的视角来看,电子化学习使得学习效能、学习资源、学习环境、学习者、学习观等方面都发生了变革。     

反思学习:德育课程的一种主流学习方式——德育课程十年改革回顾之九

什么是反思学习?按照现代学习理论,反思学习是指学习者以自身的经验、生活过程、行为方式、学习表现或心智结构为对象,以反思性的自我观察、分析、评价等活动而展开的学习。反思学习是学生学习德育课程最重要的、富有个性化的学习方式。小学德育课程的反思学习包括两个维度:一是为了完善学习品质而反思。反思直接指向学习者的学习态度、学习过程、学习方法、学习技能、学习情感和学习效果。借助这种反思,主要是     

关注学习状态 促进有效学习

学习状态是一个人学习时心态、身体、学习方法等综合作用下所处的状态,具体表现为在学习过程中学生对学习的兴趣、学习时的情绪、学习的主动性、学习的参与程度、学习的持久性、学习的稳定性、学习的意志力等。提高学习状态是个长期的过程,往往需要数月、数年的不懈努力。好的学习状态必须     

Mind the gap: Enabling online faculty and instructional designers in mapping new models for quality online courses

Distance education has provided the foundation for new generations of learning, including courses delivered through various web-based educational technologies, also referred to as online learning. Many post-secondary institutions face the challenge of creating processes and systems to support instructors who are required to design, deliver, and frequently update online courses. Effective online course design prioritizes a student-centered pedagogical approach through active learning and meaning-making using modern technologies. This requires a wide spectrum of experience, technological skills, and pedagogical knowledge that is difficult to achieve. On one hand of the spectrum, are instructors with experience in online course delivery, learning technologies, and knowledge of online learning pedagogies. On the other hand of the spectrum, are instructors with insufficient experience, technological skills and awareness of online pedagogies. This disparity in instructors’ experiences, skills and knowledge results at times in a gap in ability. By providing a flexible and interactive model of support to instructors, instructional designers can shorten this gap in theoretical knowledge and practical skills. This paper explores the skill gap that some instructors face in the online learning domain and presents selected approaches to support instructors when transitioning to online courses based on the authors’ professional experiences. This paper considers two models of course design support from two unique higher educational institutions in the United States and in Canada, using different learning management systems. The results show that while these models have different contexts, they offer significant insights about common goals, flexible content, and learner-centered course design.     

Media Naturalness and Online Learning: Findings Supporting Both the Significant- and No-Significant-Difference Perspectives

Is the use of an online course delivery format, when compared with the more traditional face‐to‐face format, good or bad in the context of university education? Those who subscribe to the no‐significant‐difference perspective argue that online delivery is good, because it allows students with time and geographic distance constraints to obtain the education that they need, with no significant negative impact on the quality of the learning experience. Others argue that online delivery is bad, advocating a version of the competing significant‐difference perspective, because the electronic communication media used for online delivery are not rich or natural enough to enable effective learning. This study contrasted students perceptions and grades in two different sections of the same course: one delivered entirely online and the other delivered face to face. Data were collected and analyzed at two points in time, namely, at the middle and end of a long semester. The study found support for both the no‐significant‐ and significant‐difference perspectives. At the middle of the semester, students in the online condition perceived communication ambiguity as significantly higher, and also obtained significantly lower grades, than students in the face‐to‐face condition. At the end of the semester, no significant differences were found.     

Where the Rubber Meets the Road: Exploring the Perceptions of In-Service Teachers in a Virtual Field Experience

This study examines the experiences of teachers enrolled in an online certificate program for K–12 online teaching. Participants blogged weekly regarding their experiences developing and facilitating an online course. Qualitative analysis of the data shows that teachers face many challenges in developing and facilitating an online course; however, they found support from their colleagues enrolled in the program. Additionally, teachers found value in the authentic experience afforded them in the virtual field experience in that it gave them exposure to online learning theory coupled with the opportunity to design and facilitate their own online courses.     

Exploring the Roles of Social Presence and Gender Difference in Online Learning

Online learning has become more popular in higher education with its advantages of flexibility and accessibility. However, there have been challenges to students’ learning experience in online learning. One critical challenge would be providing interactions between students and instructors as good or effective as in the face‐to‐face environment. However, providing face‐to‐face interactions in online learning is not feasible because students and instructors are not physically present together. In this study, we introduce and empirically investigate social presence as student learning experience in online learning in which physical presence does not exist. Drawing upon the social presence and online learning literature, we propose a research model to explore how the interactivity of communication tools can drive social presence and student satisfaction in online learning. Furthermore, this study examines gender difference as a moderator in the model. Data were collected from undergraduate students who were taking online business statistics courses where an interactive communication tool was required to use for class communication and collaboration. The results showed that social presence driven by tool interactivity had a significant impact on student satisfaction in online learning. We also found that gender difference moderated the relationship between tool interactivity and social presence in online learning.     

国际学生对在线课堂学习支持的需求

此文研究了英语非母语学生,在美国某所公共大学网络课堂上学习时候所需要的帮助和支持。建立在网络教学文化差异研究的基础上,本研究关注这些学生在网络学习中可能面临的各种挑战(语言、文化、社交)等。研究揭示了这些挑战在这所大学网络课堂上的显现,并且建议了教学改进方法,比如教师应该更多地理解不同文化背景学生的学习方法和技能,从而改进教学设计和实施。     

A learner–centred approach to developing team skills through web–based learning and assessment

In traditional face–to–face classrooms, collaborative learning has been endorsed as an effective pedagogy that fosters skills of analysis, communication and higher order thinking. Increasingly, as online learning environments for tertiary learners make use of course support systems, there is greater recognition of the potential of communications technologies to foster dialogue, networking and team skills among learners. Such skills are now among the recognised core attributes that graduates are expected to develop. In face–to–face classroom students learn the skills of collaboration and teamwork by engaging in tasks defined and supervised by a teacher. In online environments teacher presence is often limited to task definition, management and feedback functions. Team skills and collaboration therefore need to be supported though different pedagogies and processes such as establishing a climate of trust and openness, communication protocols, resolution of conflict and group processes that provide sanctions and support. In this paper we describe an innovative approach to building the skills of decision–making and conflict resolution, leadership and clarity in goal setting and communication. A case study of tertiary learners illustrates how the essential aspects of task definition, resources to support group learning and integrated online assessment foster team skills.     

在线学习准备度对大学生在线学习投入度的影响

在线学习投入是保证"停课不停学"期间在线教学质量的重要条件。对大学生开展调查,运用描述统计和回归分析法对疫情期间大学生在线学习准备度的现状、大学生在线学习投入度的现状进行分析,可以发现在线学习准备度对大学生在线学习投入度的影响以及在线学习自我效能感、感知教师支持、在线学习平台体验在其中的中介作用。结果表明:大学生在线学习准备不足;大学生在线学习投入整体不高;大学生在线学习准备度对大学生在线学习投入度具有显著影响;在线学习自我效能感、感知教师支持、在线学习平台体验在在线学习准备度和在线学习投入度之间存在中介效应。因此,可以从技术支持维度、在线学习资源设计维度、教师支持维度着手提升学生的在线学习投入度。     

混合式学习环境下学生网上讨论的成效及影响因素研究

混合式学习能够整合课堂面授学习方式与在线学习方式的优势,被认为是高等教育机构应对未来挑战和实现教育创新的有效而风险较低的策略。以北京大学一门通选课作为研究案例,针对混合式教学环境下学生网上讨论的成效及影响因素进行的实证研究发现：混合式教学中的网上讨论确实可以为教学提供帮助,总体来看,学生在＂知识＂和＂理解＂这两个低阶思维能力方面获得了较大的提高,而在＂分析＂、＂综合＂、＂评价＂等高阶思维能力方面并没有得到普遍的提高;＂讨论话题设置＂和＂个体对网上讨论的态度＂是影响网上讨论成效的最显著因素,＂对讨论的激励机制＂对网上讨论成效也有较大影响。     

Strengthening the Conversation in Blended and Face-to Face Courses: Connecting Online and In-Person Learning with Crossover Protocols

There is currently strong and widespread support among university administrators for blended learning at the college level, or courses that incorporate some degree of online instruction. As instructors are called on to incorporate online and face-to-face elements into their instruction, they face the critical question of how to intentionally connect the two modalities in ways that strengthen learning. This article first outlines the historical context of social-constructivism's presence in online instruction, and then presents a rationale for the use of “crossover” discussion protocols that connect online forums and face-to-face discussions. The article argues that by drawing deliberately on the benefits of both online and in-person learning environments, crossover protocols help students make more insightful connections among ideas and push their own—and each others'—thinking in unexpected ways. A set of crossover protocols is then provided, along with considerations for implementing them effectively. These practical strategies for facilitating conversations across the two modalities were developed in the author's undergraduate and graduate level courses in English and education and are adaptable across course levels and disciplines. The article concludes with a discussion of how students experience the learning benefits of crossover protocols.