面向新工科的机器人工程专业创新人才培养模式探索

作为第三次工业革命的重要增长点,机器人及人工智能技术正渗透到各行各业,机器人带来的产业大爆发对我国高等工程人才培养提出了新的挑战,迫切需要探索机器人工程专业建设,以满足经济和社会发展的需求。文章介绍了机器人专业发展现状,讨论了面向新工科的机器人专业创新人才培养方案,通过构建有序化和个性化相结合的产学研多主体协同育人人才培养模式,设置以创新和实践为核心的交叉学科课程体系,建设基于教学科研资源转化的创新实践平台。经过实践,证明了创新人才培养模式的有效性。     

面向工程创新的机器人工程专业课程体系研究

随着区域经济、国防工业及国家机器人科技快速发展,机器人技术发挥着日益重要的作用。目前工业机器人技术人才存在很大缺口,为了培养出适应社会发展和行业竞争的高素质、高能力、高技术综合性机器人专业人才,文章以西安工业大学机器人工程专业为基础,深入研究目前各大高校机器人工程专业课程体系存在的问题,并阐述面向工程创新的机器人工程专业课程体系新方案,最后制定出具体内容。该课程体系设置,对于高校机器人工程专业具有一定的参考价值。     

自建流程式实习的理论、应用及效能

现阶段,网络教学在大学中越来越普遍,尤其是疫情全国"封城"期间,网络教学成为大学教学模式的唯一选择。网络教学模式下,工程类大学生无法进驻企业进行生产实习,虚拟仿真培训又是验证性实验而效能不佳。基于生产设备的实物照片和生产过程的生产流程,结合图像处理技术,提出了工程类专业实习的纾困方案——自建流程式实习。文章研究了自建流程式实习的理论基础和内涵定义,重点探讨了自建流程式实习的应用过程,分析了自建流程式实习的效能及实习目标的达成情况。效能分析表明,自建流程式实习可以加深工程类大学生对生产设备和生产过程的感性认识,还可以提高他们的动手创作和设计优化能力,是解决网络教学模式下工程类大学生生产实习困境的可行出路。     

三自由度气动并联平移机器人平台的设计

基于工业生产中广泛使用的高速并联机器人应用背景,设计了一种三自由度气动并联平移机器人平台.针对气动并联机器人平移运动的需求,设计驱动臂机构驱动机器人运动,设计辅助臂机构约束机器人的转动自由度.采用MATLAB和ADAMS对气动并联机器人进行运动学仿真.针对气动并联机器人平台系统的非线性和不确定外扰,采用线性自抗扰控制算...     

Product design engineering – a global education trend in multidisciplinary training for creative product design

Product design is the convergence point for engineering and design thinking and practices. Until recently, product design has been taught either as a component of mechanical engineering or as a subject within design schools but increasingly there is global recognition of the need for greater synergies between industrial design and engineering training. Product design engineering (PDE) is a new interdisciplinary programme combining the strengths of the industrial design and engineering. This paper examines the emergence of PDE in an environment of critique of conventional engineering education and exemplifies the current spread of programmes endorsing a hybrid programme of design and engineering skills. The paper exemplifies PDE with the analysis of the programme offered at Swinburne University of Technology (Australia), showing how the teaching of ‘designerly’ thinking to engineers produces a new graduate particularly suited to the current and future environment of produce design practice. The paper concludes with reflections on the significance of this innovative curriculum model for the field of product design and for engineering design in general.     

Teaching design in the first years of a traditional mechanical engineering degree: methods,issues and future perspectives

Engineering design is known as an answer to an ill-defined problem. As any answer to an ill-defined problem, it can never be completely right or absolutely wrong. The methods that universities use to teach engineering design, as a consequence of this, suffer from the same fate. However, the accumulated experience with the ‘chalk and talk’ teaching tradition has led to a reality in which the employers of fresh graduates are not happy with the engineers they are getting. Part of their complaints are related with the inability of recently graduate engineers to work in problems where the boundaries are not well defined, are interdisciplinary, require the use of effective communication and integrate non-technical issues. These skills are mostly absent from traditional engineering curricula. This paper demonstrates the implementation of engineering design perspectives enhancing some of the aforementioned skills in a traditional mechanical engineering curriculum. It emphasises in particular a design project that is tackled in a sequence of conventional courses with a focus that depends on the course objectives and disciplinary domain. This transdisciplinary design project conveys the idea (and effectively implements it concurrently) that design is multidisciplinary.     

Design-based research to broaden participation in pre-college engineering: research and practice of an interest-based engineering challenges framework

ABSTRACT

This paper presents a design-based research project undertaken to test and implement an interest-based engineering challenges framework for pre-college students. This work is motivated by the need for innovative engineering education practices in pre-college settings, and making engineering more inclusive for people from diverse backgrounds. The design-based research methodology can be challenging to implement as it comprises of multiple, cyclical research activities that provide challenges in documenting and communicating the larger study’s progress. This paper presents findings from this continuously evolving study, and also the design and implementation of this design-based research at roughly the halfway point for a four-year study. Each of the consequent versions scaffold to answer the broader research questions of the study pertaining to: engineering appealing to students’ personal interests, empowering underrepresented groups to find meaningful connections to engineering, leading more authentic engagement in engineering and design practices, and improving students’ attitudes and perception of engineering.     

数字信号处理在移动机器人领域中的应用

数字信号处理可以将真实世界的连续模拟信号进行测量和滤波。在移动机器人领域应用中可以通过数字信号处理器(DSP)将移动机器人的运动速度、运动轨迹、运动方向等信息通过模数转换成为数字信号,再对数字信号进行处理、分析,实现对外部硬件和软件的集成。文章以DSP在移动机器人领域的应用为典型例子,如基于DSP的车型移动机器人智能交通系统等,具体阐述了数字信号处理以及数字信号处理器在移动机器人领域的应用。     

Teaching OO Software Engineering by Example: The Games Factory

Object‐oriented analysis, design, and programming is a software development technology which has attracted universal attention in the past few years. We do not think that object‐oriented technology is a completely new approach to software construction; it is merely the consequent continuation of software engineering principles which have evolved since 1968, the year of the birth of software engineering. This article describes a course on software engineering with objects which track the evolution of this discipline. We work through the history of these concepts using a single application domain, demonstrating how the relevant analysis and design methods evolved over time, culminating in object‐oriented techniques.     

促进“医—工”知识融合的《医学物理》教学改革的思考

《医学物理》是物理学基本原理与生物医学应用相结合的生物医学工程专业课程,为构建贯通工程技术和生物医学的桥梁提供了可能。通过课程教学改革,实现传统理工方法技术与现代生物医学应用需要的桥接,对激发学生专业学习兴趣、培养高质量生物医学工程复合型人才,具有非常重要的现实意义。文章在简要介绍重庆大学生物医学工程系教学现状的基础上,分析其存在的主要问题,提出促进“医-工”知识融合的《医学物理》教学改革的建议。     

通过设计环节强化工程类专业学生的工程思维——以建筑环境与能源应用工程专业为例

基于社会对工程类专业毕业生提出的要求,强调了工程类专业学生建立工程思维的重要性。分析了工程思维对学生的要求以及大学生的思维特点,阐述了设计环节在建筑环境与能源应用工程专业学生工程思维建立过程中的促进作用。     

Developing a new industrial engineering curriculum using a systems engineering approach

This paper reports on the development of an engineering curriculum for a new industrial engineering programme at a medium-sized private university in the northeast United States. A systems engineering process has been followed to design and develop the new curriculum. Considering the programme curriculum as a system, first the stakeholders have been identified, and some preliminary analysis on their needs and requirements has been conducted. Following that, the phases of conceptual design, preliminary design, and detailed design have been pursued during which different levels of validation, assessment, and evaluation processes have been utilised. In addition, a curriculum assessment and continuous improvement process have been developed to assess the curriculum and the courses frequently. The resulting curriculum is flexible, allowing the pursuit of accelerated graduate programmes, a second major, various minor options, and study-abroad; relevant, tailored to the needs of industry partners in the vicinity; and practical, providing hands-on education, resulting in employment-ready graduates.     

基于V-REP的机器人仿真实验系统及教学

机器人设计需要采用"设计—仿真—优化"的过程,因此仿真技术是机器人工程专业本科生必须掌握的技能。该文基于V-REP仿真软件设计了一套6自由度通用工业机器人仿真实验系统。首先建立了机器人的V-REP模型,进行系统动力学参数设置,然后与MATLAB的轨迹规划算法进行联合仿真和验证。开展了学生线上实验教学和探索,可替补实验室的现场实验。仿真实验系统可以进行机器人的运动学、动力学和轨迹规划算法的仿真实验,能够提高学生的机器人理论分析和设计能力。     

土工合成材料的工程应用

概述土工合成材料的工程特性及其工程应用情况,分析土工合成材料的设计、生产、应用现状中存在的问题,并提出相关改进方法和建议。     

新型多功能化工仿真实训系统的开发与应用

针对目前化工专业学生实习难以有效实施、效果不佳的现状,以真实的工程技术资料为依据,将化学工程的基础知识、生产工艺与过程模拟技术、多媒体技术和过程仿真技术结合,开发了功能强大、资源丰富的新型仿真实训系统。该实训系统经过2年试用,取得了优良的培养效果,受到师生的一致好评。     

Fostering innovation through collaborative action research on the creation of shared instructional products by university science instructors

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study is to profile four university science instructors who utilized action research as a means of learning how to develop and integrate a novel curriculum innovation – engineering design – in their science courses. Data included curriculum maps, lesson plans, notes from group meetings, and instructor reflections. Data analysis included document review and content analysis. Findings from this study suggest that action research effectively enabled the instructors to 1) establish shared ownership of the project goal – to improve preservice teachers’ learning of science through engineering design; 2) continuously test, revise, and recalibrate their shared instructional products; and 3) leverage multiple sources of innovation. Knowledge generated and used by the instructors represented different kinds of knowledge and distributed expertise resulting in products that were more useful and of higher quality than products created by individuals working alone. Consequently, this resulted in increased use of the products and increased instructor commitment to improve them over time. By simultaneously engaging in research and consequently taking specific action to inform their practice, science instructors in this study successfully created shared instructional products that both guided and enhanced their classroom teaching.     

基于逆向工程(RE)的产品开发技术

仿制、仿造已经成为了我国一部分企业的固定生产方式,针对市场热门产品的仿造品屡见不鲜,逆向工程的广泛应用在其中起到了不可忽视的作用。本文从逆向工程设计的概念出发,阐述了现代制造业中逆向工程的概念以及逆向工程在模具制造等行业中的作用。本文对于我们正确认识逆向工程技术有一定的意义。     

Digital design of scaffold for mandibular defect repair based on tissue engineering

Mandibular defect occurs more frequently in recent years, and clinical repair operations via bone transplantation are difficult to be further improved due to some intrinsic flaws. Tissue engineering, which is a hot research field of biomedical engineering, provides a new direction for mandibular defect repair. As the basis and key part of tissue engineering, scaffolds have been widely and deeply studied in regards to the basic theory, as well as the principle of biomaterial, structure, design, and fabrication method. However, little research is targeted at tissue regeneration for clinic repair operations. Since mandibular bone has a special structure, rather than uniform and regular structure in existing studies, a methodology based on tissue engineering is proposed for mandibular defect repair in this paper. Key steps regarding scaffold digital design, such as external shape design and internal microstructure design directly based on triangular meshes are discussed in detail. By analyzing the theoretical model and the measured data from the test parts fabricated by rapid prototyping, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed methodology are properly verified. More works about mechanical and biological improvements need to be done to promote its clinical application in future.     

纠错复原型机器人教学案例研究

中小学机器人课程作为一门典型的工程教育类课程备受关注,如何在机器人教育中培养学生的工程设计思维和问题解决能力值得研究者思考。通过纠错任务解决机器人产品中的问题,能够促进学生理解机器人内部组成结构及功能,培养问题解决能力,获取更深层的学习体验。结合已有研究,文章尝试将纠错复原型教学模式应用于中小学机器人教育,通过感知与操作、拆分与分析、识别与诊断、测试与总结等步骤引导学生发现问题、思考问题并解决问题,旨在为机器人教育提供实践参考。