对我国竞技体育的思考

对我国竞技体育协会与竞技体育制度形成的时代，政治背景及其性质进行剖析。探讨在新的历史时代下，我国竞技体育纠纷形成的原因及特点。为合理解决我国竞技体育纠纷，促进我国竞技体育更好的发展提出几点建议。     

另一种声音:国际象棋对体育的冲击

国际象棋是体育项目,理论上一直未消除人们的迷惑,而首次亚运之行,更增加了许多人对棋类项目与体育关系问题的疑问。本文通过探讨国际象棋纳入体育范畴的原因、国际象棋的本质功能和体育的本质属性,试探性提出应明确“国际象棋不是体育项目”、“棋类等非体育项目可以成为体育运动会比赛项目”等观点及其意义——消除众人疑惑;规范体育范畴;更利于其他非体育的竞技性项目进入体育平台发展。     

竞技仪式的重构：体育表演学在中国的发展态势

体育表演学是运用人类表演学的理论和方法,对体育有关的文化活动进行研究的一门学科。本文运用文献资料法等方法对体育表演学在中国的发展进行综述,试图对体育表演学在中国的发展有一个相对较为全面的认知,认为：中国关于体育表演学的研究相对比较少,尽管有部分学者致力于体育表演学的研究,也发表了相关研究成果,然而从严格意义上讲,中国尚未形成完整的体育表演学理论体系,没有明确的学科概念,对体育表演学的研究还处于初步探索阶段。     

运动饮料对运动能力和健康的影响

运动饮料是在科学研究基础上,针对运动时机体机能变化而研制的,可以维持和促进体液平衡或快速恢复,改善体内代谢过程和体温调节。目前,市场上运动饮料玲琅满目,其是否可以提高运动成绩或运动能力呢,会否带来负面的影响吗等等,这些问题都有待于进一步的科学研究。     

Do faster swimmers spend longer underwater than slower swimmers at World Championships?

The main objectives of the present research were (1) to examine the relationships between the distances travelled underwater during the start and turn segments with swimming race performance at the elite level and (2) to determine if the individualised-distance start and turn parameters affect the overall race performance. The race parameters of the 100 and 200?m events during 2013 World Championships were measured by an innovative image-processing system (InThePool^® 2.0). Overall, 100?m race times were largely related to faster start velocities in men's breaststroke and freestyle events. Conversely, overall, 200?m race times were largely related to longer starting distances in the women's butterfly events, to longer turn distances in men's and women's backstroke and women's butterfly events and to shorter turn distances in women's freestyle events. Changes on the start or turn velocities could represent moderate time improvements in most of the 100?m events, whereas modifications on the start or turn distances (especially in the last turn) could provide elite swimmers with time improvements of practical importance on the 200?m events. The evaluation of races by individualised-distance parameters should be provided to elite swimmers in order to decide the most appropriate race segment configuration for each event.     

竞技体育本质及发展逻辑

对竞技体育的本质及其发展问题进行了探讨。研究表明，竞技体育是运动员通过提供高水平竞技表演，满足人们高级审美需要的体育活动。中国竞技体育只有在充分满足人们的体育需求，为人们提供高质量的体育产品过程中才能实现可持续发展。     

对培养排球专选学生裁判能力的探讨

排球裁判能力的培养不仅是排球裁判工作者自身素质提高的需要 ,也是社会的需要。因此培养排球专选学生的裁判能力应成为专选教学的重点内容之一。通过对排球专选学生裁判能力的培养模式的设计 ,探讨了排球专选学生裁判能力的培养问题。     

Tapering strategies in elite British endurance runners

Abstract

The aim of the study was to explore pre-competition training practices of elite endurance runners. Training details from elite British middle distance (MD; 800 m and 1500 m), long distance (LD; 3000 m steeplechase to 10,000 m) and marathon (MAR) runners were collected by survey for 7 days in a regular training (RT) phase and throughout a pre-competition taper. Taper duration was [median (interquartile range)] 6 (3) days in MD, 6 (1) days in LD and 14 (8) days in MAR runners. Continuous running volume was reduced to 70 (16)%, 71 (24)% and 53 (12)% of regular levels in MD, LD and MAR runners, respectively (P < 0.05). Interval running volume was reduced compared to regular training (MD; 53 (45)%, LD; 67 (23)%, MAR; 64 (34)%, P < 0.05). During tapering, the peak interval training intensity was above race speed in LD and MAR runners (112 (27)% and 114 (3)%, respectively, P < 0.05), but not different in MD (100 (2)%). Higher weekly continuous running volume and frequency in RT were associated with greater corresponding reductions during the taper (R = ?0.70 and R = ?0.63, respectively, both P < 0.05). Running intensity during RT was positively associated with taper running intensity (continuous intensity; R = 0.97 and interval intensity; R = 0.81, both P < 0.05). Algorithms were generated to predict and potentially prescribe taper content based on the RT of elite runners. In conclusion, training undertaken prior to the taper in elite endurance runners is predictive of the tapering strategy implemented before competition.     

我国职业组标准舞选手与拉丁舞选手对比分析

文章采用文献资料法、调查法、数据统计法等研究方法,通过对我国职业组标准舞和拉丁舞选手进行比较分析,得出标准舞与拉丁舞虽同属于体育舞蹈项目下的两大分支,但因其舞蹈风格和技术特点的不同,所以在标准舞与拉丁舞选手体型、身高、性格等方面都存在差异。文章旨在为我国体育舞蹈后备人才力量的选拔以及体育舞蹈参与者结合自身特点选择发展方向提供参考和理论依据。     

国外社区体育中心的建设与经营管理研究--兼论我国体育场馆建设与发展思路

对英国、美国、日本、新加坡等国社区体育中心建设标准、特点、经营与创收渠道进行了系统的研究,对我国体育场(馆)建设与发展中存在的问题进行了系统的分析,提出我国未来体育场(馆)建设与发展的基本思路。     

How should “hot” players in basketball be defended? The use of fast-and-frugal heuristics by basketball coaches and players in response to streakiness

Previous research has shown that changes in shot difficulty may have rendered the hot-hand effect in basketball unobservable and are potentially a result of defensive adjustments. However, it has not been directly analysed whether strategic changes indeed take place in response to streakiness and whether they are effective with respect to winning games. The current work consists of an experimental study with 18 professional coaches and 20 players based on video sequences from National Basketball Association games, where the shown player displayed a streaky performance in half of the sequences. While coaches were asked to devise a defensive strategy after each viewed sequence, players had to assume the role of the shown player and decide whether to shoot or pass the ball. We find that coaches tended to increase the defensive pressure significantly more often on presumably hot players and thus make use of the hot-hand heuristic. Meanwhile, players chose to shoot more frequently in low-pressure and streaky situations but selected “pass” regardless of the previous performance when they faced increased defensive pressure. Assuming that a streaky player’s performance is indeed elevated during hot phases, hot-hand behaviour can be considered adaptive in certain situations as it led hot players to pass instead of shoot.     

试论身体形态最优化的运动表现

身体形态最优化是一个优秀运动员所具备的最基本的条件,适合运动的最佳身体形态,有利于运动员创造出优异的运动成绩,从身体形态与体育运动的关系入手,讨论身体形态最优化的运动表现。     

“跟随插入法”在径赛终点裁判工作中的应用

在田径短距离径赛终点裁判工作中，如何才能客观、准确的判定名次，一直是令人头痛的问题．本文介绍一种新的方法──“跟随插入法”的操作应用方法，并与传统方法比较。具有省时、省力、准确可靠的优点。