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运用生物电阻抗法对实验前后参加健身走运动的老年人和不锻炼的老年人分别进行身体成分测试。实验证明,健身走运动对控体重具有良好作用,并能增加肌肉量,明显减少体脂含量,同时可以降低老年人的身体质量分数(BMI),有效预防心血管等疾病的发生。 相似文献
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从我国目前人口结构来看,老年人的比例越来越大,老年人的健康问题已为全社会所关注。本文通过对国棉四厂710名退休职工体质测试,对其身体成份进行分析认为体脂百分比过多是引起老年人服胖及引发心血管疾病的主要原因。提示中老年人应警惕肥胖,为中老年人科学娱乐提供客观依据,以便制定运动处方,以期有效增强体质。 相似文献
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Christine E. Pacewicz Karin A. Pfeiffer Amy K. Nuttall Crystal F. Branta John L. Haubenstricker Vern Seefeldt 《Measurement in physical education and exercise science》2021,25(1):66-77
ABSTRACT Excess adipose tissue may impact the motor performance of youth. Therefore, the current study examined (a) if adiposityinfluenced performance in the jump and reach and 30-yard dash and (b) if maturation predicted motor performance. Participants (N = 267) included girls aged 8 to 16 years. Latent growth curves were used to assess changes in motor performance. Sum of skinfolds predicted jump and reach performance from age 8.5 to 10.5 years, 11.5–12.0 years, 13.0 years, and from age 14 to 14.5 years (b = ?0.013 to 0.051, p < 0.05). Sum of skinfolds predicted 30-yard dash performance from age 8.5 to 14.0 years and at age 15.5 years (b = 0.003 to 0.005, p < 0.05). Maturation did not predict performance. Future research should examine determinants that explain the link between adiposity and motor performance. 相似文献
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通过对32名超重和肥胖少年实施5周(7次/周、2小时/次、运动强度60%~65%VO2max)的运动处方后,多数研究对象在身体成分改变的同时,身体协调性、灵活性、柔韧性和耐力素质有明显改善。研究结果提示,对超重和肥胖少年的运动处方宜采用中等强度、多种运动形式的方案。早期阶段以减少脂肪体重和提高超重、肥胖少年的身体协调性、灵活性、柔韧性和耐力素质为主要目标,以后逐渐增加力量和速度训练的内容,在增加肌肉体重的同时使超重和肥胖少年的身体素质得到全面提高。 相似文献
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Cardiorespiratory and body composition changes were evaluated in 25 sedentary females, aged 18 to 30 years, following 12 weeks of aerobic dance training (3 days a week, 45 min a session). Fifteen subjects, from the same population, comprised a control group: they maintained their normal activity and dietary habits over the course of the study. Analysis of variance of the values for selected cardiorespiratory responses revealed that the aerobic dance programme produced training effects in the experimental group. These training effects were indicated by significant improvements in O2 pulse, V E, heart rate and perceived exertion during submaximal exercise. Significant improvements were also noted in VO2 max, maximal O2pulse, V E max, maximal heart rate and maximal running time on the treadmill. Additionally, increases in lean body mass and body density, together with decreases in percentage body fat and the sum of four skinfold thicknesses were found to be significant for the experimental group. No significant improvements in any of these variables were found for the control group. It was concluded that this 12‐week aerobic dance programme was successful in promoting beneficial changes in cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition. 相似文献
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健美操运动对女大学生体质健康状况的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过对普通女大学生参与健美操课程学习一学期前后各指标的测试变化结果,分析健美操运动对女大学生体质健康状况的影’响情况。结果表明:经过健美操运动锻炼,健美操选项班学生身体成分BMI、WHR、%BF等指标均未有显著性变化;身体机能水平有较明显的改善;身体素质水平提高较显著。 相似文献
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目的:通过总结、梳理HIIT对健康肥胖和运动员青少年身体成分和心肺适能的影响研究,以及HIIT应用于青少年课堂的可行性研究,为后续相关的研究提供依据。方法:在PubMed、web of science、中国知网、万方、维普数据库检索2000年至2021年2月的相关文献,选取13篇文献进行综述。结论:HIIT能够改善青少年的体脂率,肥胖青少年体重和脂肪则更容易被改善,HIIT还能够有效改善青少年的心肺适能;应用于青少年的HIIT干预方案的工息比通常是1:1,运动持续时间从10s-30s不等,内容通常是冲刺跑,负荷监控指标有HRmax和MAS等;青少年对HIIT感到满意,参与HIIT时出勤率也较高,同时,HIIT还能提高青少年的创造力、幸福感和社交能力,因此将其应用于青少年之中具有可行性。 相似文献
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随机抽取第六届全国大学生武术锦标赛的运动员共51人作为研究对象,按性别分为3组,前4名为第1组,5~8名为第2组,未进入前8名的为对照组,分别测量他们的身体形态、身体成分、身体素质和赛前心理状态。结果:男运动员在身高、体重、脂肪比率,肌肉含量、去脂体重、WHR、BMI、肺活量、肺活量指数、握力、立定跳远、反应时和平衡性方面,第1组、第2组与对照组相比,均没有显著性意义(P>0.05),握力指数和坐位体前屈第1组显著性高于其他组(P<0.05);女运动员的肌肉含量、去脂体重和坐位体前屈第1组显著性高于对照组(P<0.05),第2组在身高、脂肪比率、去脂体重和握力方面显著性高于第1组和对照组(P<0.05~0.01),坐位体前屈和反应时显著性低于第1组(P<0.05~0.01)。第1组运动员在赛前认知状态焦虑和躯体状态焦虑显著性均低于第2组和对照组(P<0.05~0.01),而自信心第1组、第2组和对照组之间没有显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:力量和柔韧性是影响男子武术运动员比赛成绩的重要因素;肌肉含量、去脂体重和坐位体前屈是影响女子武术运动员比赛成绩的重要因素;赛前认知状态焦虑和躯体状态焦虑也是影响武术比赛成绩的重要因素之一,而状态自信心对比赛成绩影响不大。 相似文献
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Gian Pietro Emerenziani Marco Meucci Maria Chiara Gallotta Cosme Franklim Buzzachera Laura Guidetti 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(11):1033-1041
AbstractThe aim of the study was to compare the effect of an unsupervised whole body vibration (WBV) training and two different supervised multi-purpose exercise programmes, with and without WBV, on body composition, functional fitness and self-reported well-being in middle-aged adults. Fifty-four healthy participants (age 48.6 ± 6.7 years) were randomly assigned to a vibration group (VG), a multi-purpose exercise group (MG) and a multi-purpose exercise with vibration group (VMG) and trained 3 days a week for 4 months. VG performed a standardised unsupervised WBV protocol, MG a supervised multi-purpose exercise and VMG a multi-purpose exercise including vibration. After training, drop out was significantly higher in VG group (P = 0.016) when compared to VMG group. In both MG and VMG, body composition, sit-up, push-up, sit and reach, agility test, hopping test and self-reported general health significantly improved (P < 0.05). No additive effects were generated by the vibration stimulus. Percentage of body fat and agility test in VG had a significant opposite trend compared to VMG group (P < 0.05). In summary, an unsupervised WBV training should not be chosen for training protocol. However, positive effects on physical fitness and the best results in adherence could be achieved integrating WBV practice into a multi-purpose exercise training. 相似文献
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Arianna Ceschia Stefano Giacomini Simone Santarossa Miriam Rugo Desy Salvadego Alessandro Da Ponte 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(2):271-278
The prevalence of obesity in children has increased dramatically during the past decades in Europe and understanding physical fitness and its components in children is critical to design and implement effective interventions. The objective of the present study was to analyse the association between physical fitness (aerobic, speed, agility, power, flexibility and balance) and body mass index (BMI) in pre-pubertal children. A total of 2411 healthy schoolchildren (7–11 years) participated in this study. Anthropometric characteristics and body composition were assessed by skinfold thickness. Physical fitness was measured by nine physical fitness tests: endurance running, 20 m running speed, agility, handgrip strength, standing long jump and squat jump, sit and reach, medicine ball forward throw and static balance. No relevant differences were observed between boys and girls regarding anthropometric characteristics, body composition and physical fitness. However, overweight and obese children showed significantly lower physical fitness levels in endurance running, speed and agility (mean: +18.8, +5.5 and +14.5% of time to complete tasks, respectively), lower limb power normalised to body mass (?23.3%) and balance tests (number of falls: +165.5%) than their normal weight counterparts. On the other hand, obesity did not affect handgrip, throwing and flexibility. In conclusion, increased BMI was associated with lower performance capabilities limiting proper motor skill development, which directly affects the ability of children to take on sports skills. Actions undertaken to promote children's wellness and fitness should be prioritised and introduced early in life with the aim of enhancing physical fitness as well as preventing overweight and obesity. 相似文献
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David R. Lubans Philip Morgan Robin Callister Ronald C. Plotnikoff Narelle Eather Nicholas Riley 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):685-693
Abstract The main aim of this study was to determine the test–retest reliability of existing tests of health-related fitness. Participants (mean age 14.8 years, s = 0.4) were 42 boys and 26 girls who completed the study assessments on two occasions separated by one week. The following tests were conducted: bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) to calculate percent body fat, leg dynamometer, 90° push-up, 7-stage sit-up, and wall squat tests. Intra-class correlation (ICC), paired samples t-tests, and typical error expressed as a coefficient of variation were calculated. The mean percent body fat intra-class correlation coefficient was similar for boys (ICC = 0.95) and girls (ICC = 0.93), but the mean coefficient of variation was considerably higher for boys than girls (22.2% vs. 12.2%). The boys' coefficients of variation for the tests of muscular fitness ranged from 9.0% for the leg dynamometer test to 26.5% for the timed wall squat test. The girls' coefficients of variation ranged from 17.1% for the sit-up test to 21.4% for the push-up test. Although the BIA machine produced reliable estimates of percent body fat, the tests of muscular fitness resulted in high systematic error, suggesting that these measures may require an extensive familiarization phase before the results can be considered reliable. 相似文献
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Laura Joensuu Heidi Syväoja Jouni Kallio Janne Kulmala Urho M. Kujala Tuija H. Tammelin 《European Journal of Sport Science》2018,18(6):882-892
The aim of this study was to examine and quantify the cross-sectional associations of body composition (BC), physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (ST) with physical fitness (PF) in children and adolescents. A sample of 594 Finnish students (56% girls), aged 9–15 (12.4?±?1.3 years) were selected for a study performed in 2013. The measurements of the Move! monitoring system for physical functional capacity were used to measure cardiorespiratory and musculoskeletal fitness and fundamental movement skills. Moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and ST were measured objectively with an accelerometer and BC by a bioelectrical impedance analysis. Fat mass index (FMI) and fat-free mass index (FFMI) were calculated to represent height-adjusted BC. Associations were explored with a linear regression model. In general, FMI had statistically significant negative associations, while FFMI and MVPA had positive associations with PF. No statistically significant associations were observed between ST and PF. In general, FMI had the strongest association with PF, although some variation occurred with sex and PF component. However, associations were practically relevant only in 20-m shuttle run, push-up, curl-up and 5-leaps test. For example, approximately 5?kg increase in fat mass in 155?cm tall children was estimated to correspond to 8 laps in 20-m shuttle run. Similar increase in fat-free mass corresponded to +4 and +6 laps, and 10?min increase in daily MVPA +3 and +2 laps in 20-m shuttle run, in boys and girls, respectively. Understanding these associations is necessary when interpreting children’s PF and designing interventions. 相似文献
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尹念龙 《体育科技文献通报》2010,18(8):82-83
对51名女大学生初次参加健美课一学年前后的研究指标进行测试,对数据进行统计分析,结果表明,除胸围外,女生健身课前后身体各部分的围度、皮皱厚度体重、体脂量、体脂率、瘦体重均有明显的变化,健身课对女生能消除脂肪,结实肌肉,塑造完美体型,提高速度和力量素质,但制约了柔韧和力量素质的发展。 相似文献
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目的:通过对实验前后50-59岁超重女性身体成分指标进行对比研究,了解健身舞步对中年女性身体成分的影响,引导中年女性建立健康的生活方式,同时为健身舞步的健身作用提供科学的理论依据.方法:选取50名超重女性作为研究对象,参与8周健身舞步运动,采用身体成分分析仪测试运动干预前后身体成分.结果:8周运动干预后,身体成分各个指标均低于运动干预前,并且存在显著性差异(P<0.05).结论:健身舞步运动能够降低机体体重、BMI、脂肪含量、脂肪百分比等,对于身体成分具有良好的改善作用. 相似文献
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the preliminary efficacy and feasibility of the CrossFit Teens? resistance training programme for improving health-related fitness and resistance training skill competency in adolescents. This assessor-blinded randomised controlled trial was conducted in one secondary school in the Hunter Region, Australia, from July to September 2013. Ninety-six (96) students (age = 15.4 (.5) years, 51.5% female) were randomised into intervention (n = 51) or control (n = 45) conditions for 8-weeks (60 min twice per week). Waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), BMI-Z score (primary outcomes), cardiorespiratory fitness (shuttle run test), muscular fitness (standing jump, push-up, handgrip, curl-up test), flexibility (sit and reach) and resistance training skill competency were measured at baseline and immediate post-intervention. Feasibility measures of recruitment, retention, adherence and satisfaction were assessed. Significant group-by-time intervention effects were found for waist circumference [?3.1 cm, P < 0.001], BMI [?1.38 kg · m?2, P < 0.001], BMI-Z [?0.5 z-scores, P < 0.001], sit and reach [+3.0 cm, P < 0.001], standing jump [+0.1 m, P = 0.021] and shuttle run [+10.3 laps, P = 0.019]. Retention rate was 82.3%. All programme sessions were delivered and participants’ mean satisfaction scores ranged from 4.2 to 4.6 out of 5. The findings demonstrate that CrossFit Teens? is a feasible and efficacious programme for improving health-related fitness in adolescents. 相似文献
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《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(3):141-144
Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the interrelationship between aerobic fitness, body composition, and physical activity in 9- and 15-year-olds. The 270 participants were randomly selected from 18 primary and secondary schools in Iceland. Aerobic fitness was assessed by a graded exercise test on a bicycle ergometer. Body composition was estimated via: logarithm of sum of four skinfolds (loge skinfolds), waist adjusted for height, and body mass index (BMI). Physical activity was measured with Actigraph activity monitors using total activity each day as the physical activity variable. Aerobic fitness was chosen as the primary outcome variable, body composition as the secondary variable, and physical activity as the tertiary variable. All the full models explained a similar proportion of fitness variance for both age groups (45–65%). Among the 15-year-olds, loge skinfolds explained a significantly larger proportion of the fitness variance (54%) than waist adjusted for height (29%) and BMI (15%), but all the body composition variables explained a similar proportion of the fitness variance (35–42%) among the 9-year-olds. Physical activity explained a smaller proportion (0%) of the unadjusted variance in fitness for the 9-year-olds than for the 15-year-olds (19%). This group difference became non-significant (0% vs. 4%) when adjusting for loge skinfolds but remained significant when controlling for waist adjusted for height (0% vs. 15%) and BMI (0% vs. 18%). Gender differences in aerobic fitness after puberty can largely be explained by gender differences in loge skinfolds and physical activity. In conclusion, the interrelationship between fitness, body composition, physical activity, and gender is not the same among 9- and 15-year-olds. 相似文献
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文章运用文献资料法、专家访谈法、考察法等科研方法对健身气功的创编及推广应用,以及健身气功在推广中存在的问题进行研究,并对健身气功未来的发展提出建议,以使健身气功得到广大群众的认可,得到更好的发展。 相似文献
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C. A. Macera Kirby L. Jackson Gerald W. Hagenmaier Jennie J. Kronenfeld Harold W. Kohl Steven N. Blair 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):225-233
Abstract The incidence of orthopedic problems was examined in 5, 582 men and women who attended the Cooper Clinic in Dallas, Texas between 1974 and 1982. The effects of age, physical activity, physical fitness, and body mass index (EMI) on the occurrence of these problems were examined using a proportional hazards approach. The expected risk of orthopedic problems per person-year was 0.045 for men and 0.046 for women. For men, physical fitness, BMI, and physical activity were associated with orthopedic problems, while for women, physical activity was the main predictor. Age was not a factor for either gender. The effect of change in physical fitness, physical activity, and BMI was examined in a subset of 2, 325 persons with more than one visit to the clinic. For women, physical activity and a decrease in BMI were associated with orthopedic problems, while for men none of those factors were significant. Again, age was not a factor in either group. The absence of any age effect on the occurrence of problems suggests that with regard to orthopedic problems, moderate amounts of physical activity in generally healthy persons may be recommended without special consideration as to age. 相似文献
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运用Meta分析方法系统评价高强度间歇训练(HIIT)和持续有氧训练(CAT)对青少年的身体成分与心肺适能的不同影响效果,为设计青少年锻炼方案提供有效参考依据。共纳入14篇符合纳入标准的文献,以PRISMA声明的标准对14篇文献进行偏倚风险质量评价。结果:(1)HIIT与CAT对青少年体重和BMI的干预效果在统计学上无显著性差异,对体脂率的干预效果存在显著性差异;(2)HIIT与CAT对青少年最大摄氧量(VO2max)、峰值摄氧量(VO2peak)、收缩压(SBP)和舒张压(DBP)的干预效果在统计学上无显著性差异,但HIIT对青少年VO2max、VO2peak和DBP总体效应量优于CAT,CAT对青少年SBP的总效应量优于HIIT;(3)其中将青少年分为健康和肥胖两个亚组,健康青少年亚组中,CAT对体重、体脂率、BMI和SBP等指标的干预效果优于HIIT,HIIT对VO2max和DBP的干预效果优于CAT;肥胖青少年亚组中,HIIT对体重、体脂率、BMI、VO2max和DBP等指标的干预效果优于CAT,HIIT与CAT对健康青少年SBP的干预效果类似。 相似文献