Physiological responses according to rules changes during 3 vs. 3 small-sided games in youth soccer players: stop-ball vs. small-goals rules

Abstract

Small-sided games (SSGs) are effective for soccer-specific aerobic endurance training. To date, no study has investigated the effect of stop-ball (SB-SSG) rule on the physiological responses to SSG. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of SB-SSG vs. small-goals (SG-SSG) rules on physiological responses during a 3 vs. 3 SSG in young soccer players. Twelve male amateur young soccer players (age, 14.0 ± 0.7 years; body mass, 51.8 ± 8.0 kg; height, 164 ± 7 cm) randomly performed either SB-SSG or SG-SSG for 4 × 4 min separated by 2 min of recovery on a 20 × 15 m pitch. During the SB-SSG, participants were instructed to stop the ball with the soles of their boots in a 15 × 1 m surface behind the pitch bottom line; whereas during the SG-SSG, the participants were instructed to score to a mini-goal (i.e., 1 × 0.5 m). During each test session, the mean heart rate (HR), the post-SSG rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scores and blood lactate concentrations ([La^?]) were recorded. Results showed that SB-SSG induced significantly higher mean HR (178 ± 3 vs. 174 ± 3 bpm; P < 0.05) and [La^?] (4.66 ± 0.98 vs. 4.16 ± 1.02 mol · L^–1; P < 0.05) than SG-SSG. However, there was no significant difference between SB-SSG and SG-SSG for the RPE scores. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates the effectiveness of SB-SSG in SSG training. Indeed, SB-SSG can influence the effort intensity in SSG (i.e., resulted in a higher intensity than SG-SSG). Therefore, coaches have the possibility to choose between SB-SSG and SG-SSG rules during training sessions according to their physical and technical objectives.     

Time–motion,heart rate,perceptual and motor behaviour demands in small-sides soccer games: Effects of pitch size

Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine physical, physiological, and motor responses and perceived exertion during different soccer drills. In small-sided games, the individual playing area (～275 m², ～175 m², and ～75 m²) was varied while the number of players per team was kept constant: 5 vs. 5 plus goalkeepers. Participants were ten male youth soccer players. Each session comprised three small-sided game formats, which lasted 8 min each with a 5-min passive rest period between them. A range of variables was recorded and analysed for the three drills performed over three training sessions: (a) physiological, measured using Polar Team devices; (b) physical, using GPS SPI elite devices; (c) perceived exertion, rated using the CR-10 scale; and (d) motor response, evaluated using an observational tool that was specially designed for this study. Significant differences were observed for most of the variables studied. When the individual playing area was larger, the effective playing time, the physical (total distance covered; distances covered in low-intensity running, medium-intensity running, and high-intensity running; distance covered per minute; maximum speed; work-to-rest ratio; sprint frequency) and physiological workload (percent maximum heart rate; percent mean heart rate; time spent above 90% maximum heart rate), and the rating of perceived exertion were all higher, while certain motor behaviours were observed less frequently (interception, control and dribble, control and shoot, clearance, and putting the ball in play). The results show that the size of the pitch should be taken into account when planning training drills, as it influences the intensity of the task and the motor response of players.     

集体性体育游戏对大学生团队意识培养作用的研究

本研究从集体性体育游戏项目特点入手,基于大学生团队意识现状、大学生参加集体性体育游戏项目后的认识的基础上,提出通过以集体性体育游戏项目培养团队归属感增强责任意识、提高大学生团队意识教育培养体系。     

社会网络分析在团队运动表现中的应用:研究综述

描述和评价了社会网络分析在团队运动表现中的应用情况。研究采用引文追溯法对文献进行检索,共进行5轮,检索引文3 698篇,最终有74篇文献纳入研究。研究显示,社会网络分析在团队运动表现中的应用是一个新兴现象,相关研究呈现出快速发展的趋势。在已有的实证研究中,将团队运动中的互动行为概念化为一个网络,并从宏观、中观和微观的视角分别概述了网络结构对认识团队运动互动行为的有用见解,验证了社会网络分析在足球等8个不同团队运动中应用的可行性。社会网络分析作为传统运动标注分析的补充被证明是一种有效的研究工具,改变了原有方法将比赛事件从比赛环境中独立出来的研究范式。在对球员互动结构静态属性分析的基础上,未来研究应进一步深入讨论这种互动结构的动态属性,以及多重网络对团队表现的影响。     

探讨柔道队政治思想工作及队伍管理的方法与手段

在竞技体育训练中,"向管理要成绩"已是诸多运动队老生常谈的话题,而队伍管理与运动成绩之间有着不可分割的密切关系。一个队伍要想具有过硬的政治思想工作和顽强的拼搏精神,能经得起重大比赛的考验,具备敢于打硬仗、打胜仗心理,就必须在运动员长期的训练与生活中建立和制定一套严格的管理制度和科学的管理方法,贯穿运动员的训练与生活,严格地执行与落实并有针对性地进行强化与培养,让行之有效的管理模式促使运动员的比赛与训练产生事半功倍的效果。     

社会网络分析在团队运动表现中的应用:研究综述

描述和评价了社会网络分析在团队运动表现中的应用情况。研究采用引文追溯法对文献进行检索,共进行5轮,检索引文3 698篇,最终有74篇文献纳入研究。研究显示,社会网络分析在团队运动表现中的应用是一个新兴现象,相关研究呈现出快速发展的趋势。在已有的实证研究中,将团队运动中的互动行为概念化为一个网络,并从宏观、中观和微观的视角分别概述了网络结构对认识团队运动互动行为的有用见解,验证了社会网络分析在足球等8个不同团队运动中应用的可行性。社会网络分析作为传统运动标注分析的补充被证明是一种有效的研究工具,改变了原有方法将比赛事件从比赛环境中独立出来的研究范式。在对球员互动结构静态属性分析的基础上,未来研究应进一步深入讨论这种互动结构的动态属性,以及多重网络对团队表现的影响。     

Physical demands of game-based training drills in women’s team handball

Game-based training drills are popular in team sports. This study compared two game-based training conditions and official matches in team handball. Thirty-one women players wore inertial measurement units in five training sessions and five official matches. In training, 3vs3 and 6vs6 game-based training conditions were performed with a 5-min duration. PlayerLoad? and high-intensity events (HIEs; >2.5 m · s^?1) were extracted from the raw data. Data were analysed using magnitude-based inferences and reported with effect sizes (ESs). PlayerLoad? · min^?1 from all positions combined was 11.37 ± 0.49 (mean ± 90% confidence limits) and 9.71 ± 0.3 for the 3vs3 and 6vs6 conditions, respectively. Backs (ES: 1.63), wings (ES: 1.91), and pivots (ES: 1.58) had greater PlayerLoad? in 3vs3 than 6vs6. Substantially greater HIE · min^?1 in 3vs3 occurred for all positions. There was substantially greater PlayerLoad? · min^?1 in 3vs3 and 6vs6 than match play for backs, wings, and pivots. Wings (ES: 1.95), pivots (ES: 0.70), and goalkeeper (ES: 1.13) had substantially greater HIE · min^?1 in 3vs3 than match play. This study shows greater PlayerLoad? and HIE in 3vs3 than 6vs6. Both game-based training conditions investigated in this study provide an overload in overall PlayerLoad?; however, additional exercises might be needed to overload HIE, especially for backs and pivots.     

大型国际体育运动会蕴藏的商机

我国体育事业在社会主义市场经济体制下正逐步走上社会化、产业化的道路。尤其是大型体育运动会的举办,给国内的企业和商家提供了许多发展机会,使体育所具有的经济功能得到了充分的发挥,有利于我国体育产业市场的发展。     

领队与运动队管理的重要性

现代运动队的管理在运动队的建设和发展显得越来越重要，而领队的核心作用对队伍建设，运动队快出成绩，出好的运动成绩起至关重要的作用，本文从运动队的管理到领队的重要性进行分析。     

Effects of starting score-line,game location,and quality of opposition in basketball quarter score

Abstract

In several team sports, the game starting score-line may be understood as a measure of performance accomplishment and hence might have an effect on players' subsequent efforts. The aim of this study was to identify the effect of the starting score-line, game location, and quality of opposition on basketball game quarter final score. The sample comprised 504 game quarters from the Spanish Basketball Professional League and these were classified as balanced (difference in scores equal of 8 points or less, n=194) and unbalanced (difference in scores of more than 8 points, n=310) using k-means cluster procedures. The effects of the predictor variables on game quarter outcome (difference between points scored and points received) in the whole game and in the second, third, and fourth game quarters were analysed using linear regression analysis. The starting game quarter score-line was only significant in unbalanced situations with very similar effects among different game quarters. The greater the difference in accumulated score at the beginning of each quarter, the more points recovered by the teams who were losing. A small effect from the quality of the opponent was found in the second and third quarters, whereas game location only had an effect when analysing the whole game and second quarter using balanced and unbalanced game quarters combined.     

进一步完善我国申办以奥运会等综合性运动会为主的国际重大体育赛事长远规划的思考

北京奥运会已落下帷幕,在认真地总结本届奥运会的效益后认为：我国承办本届奥运会对主办城市北京及所有协办城市所产生的综合效益是非常巨大和令人震惊的,本研究在分析北京奥运会在政治、经济、社会和体育事业上所取得的巨大综合效益的基础上,提出了我国在北京奥运会后进一步制定再次申请奥运会的长远规划的必要性、可行性和具体建议。     

运动团队文化的心理学分析

从心理学角度分析了运动团队文化的心理学特征、影响要素及价值,并指出了以往研究的重点与不足之处,旨在为今后运动团队文化建设的研究提供借鉴。