The predictive value of the multiple hop test for first-time noncontact lateral ankle sprains

ABSTRACT

The predictive value of the multiple hop test for first-time noncontact lateral ankle sprains. Background: Lateral ankle sprains (LAS) are very common sports injuries, cause high health care costs and are associated with postural control deficits. From a preventive point of view, clinicians should dispose valid field tests to identify athletes at risk for a LAS. The aim of this study is to evaluate the predictive value of the multiple hop test (MHT) for first-time noncontact LAS. Methods: Non-elite athletes (n = 232) performed the MHT at baseline. During a 12-month follow-up period, all noncontact LAS related to health care costs were recorded. Outcomes of the MHT (completion time, balance errors and perceived difficulty) between the injured and uninjured group were compared and odds ratios (OR) and relative risks (RR) were calculated using a logistic regression analysis. Results: Ten first-time noncontact LAS were recorded (4.3%). Injured athletes made significantly more change-in-support strategy (CSS) errors when compared to uninjured athletes (p = .04). The OR of the number of CSS errors was 1.14 (p = .03), the RR 4.1 (p = .04). Conclusions: Athletes scoring > 12 CSS errors, have a four times increased risk for a first-time noncontact LAS. The MHT is a valid field test to identify athletes at risk for a first-time noncontact LAS.     

球类项目灵敏测试的实践应用:基于信度与效度评价的系统综述

目的：对国内外经检验的球类运动灵敏测试方法的设计结构、信度和效度进行系统综述,为球类运动灵敏素质的评价提供更科学的测试方法。方法：通过数据库对相关关键词进行检索并搜集符合标准的文献,运用PE-Dro评分系统对文献进行质量评估。结果：共纳入33篇文献,质量评价平均得分15分,得分范围13~17分。所有搜集文献共包含59种测试方法,37种为改变方向速度测试（CODT）,22种为反应灵敏测试（RAT）。结果：CODT设计的移动距离相对更长,改变方向的次数相对更多,两类测试方法的变向角度主要采用45°、90°和180° ;CODT的组内相关系数（ICC）范围为0.5~0.99,RAT的ICC为0.33~0.99,3篇文献发现较低的信度且均为RAT ;效度检验主要通过区分运动员水平、比赛位置以及年龄段来实现。结论：球类项目灵敏素质评价主要应用CODT与RAT两类测试方法。由于设计结构的差异,两类方法在信度和效度上各有优劣。CODT具有相对更高的信度,RAT则具有相对更高的效度。认知与决策能力作为高水平球类运动员的关键指标,建议未来在球类项目灵敏素质测量评价中加入刺激源组件     

软梯训练对灵敏素质效果影响的Meta分析

目的:系统评价软梯训练对灵敏素质的应用效果。方法:检索时间截止为2021年8月24日,在IEEE、Proquest、PubMed、Scoups、Web of science、Google Scholar、WanFang Data和CNKI等数据库进行检索。经纳入和排除标准筛选文献并提取相关数据后,采用Review Manager5.0和Stata SE12.0软件对纳入研究的文献进行Meta分析。结果:软梯训练对灵敏素质的T型跑[MD=-0.63,95%CI(-0.73,-0.52),P<0.00001<0.05]和Illinois测试[MD=-0.62,95%CI(-1.22,-0.61),P<0.00001<0.05]有明显的效果,且实验组优于对照组。因往返跑测试存在高度异质性[I²=86%,MD=-0.51,95%CI(-0.63,-0.39)],对此采用随机效应模型对受试者的年龄、干预周期、干预频率进行亚组分析,结果显示:年龄亚组分析中,年龄≤14岁(I²=89%,P<0.00001<0.05)和年龄>14岁(I²=78%,P<0.00001<0.05)都具有高度异质性且具有显著性差异;干预周期的亚组分析中,干预周期≤8周(I²=76%,P=0.04<0.05)和干预周期≥8周(I²=90%,P<0.00001<0.05)都具有高度异质性且具有显著性差异,8周<干预周期<12周(I²=69%,P<0.00001<0.05)具有轻度异质性且具有显著性差异;干预频率的亚组分析中,干预频率≤2次(I²=64%,P=0.46>0.05)有中度异质性但无显著性差异,干预频率=3次(I²=80%,P<0.00001<0.05)有高度异质性且具有显著性差异,干预频率≥4次(I²=35%,P<0.00001<0.05)有轻度异质性且具有显著性差异。结论:软梯训练可以提高灵敏素质水平,由于灵敏素质包含的指标偏多,本文只选取T型跑测试、Illinois、往返跑作为结局指标,对于往返跑测试是否还存在其他异质性来源,还需进一步研究证明。     

Effects of resisted sprint training on sprinting ability and change of direction speed in professional soccer players

Resisted sprint training consists of performing overloaded sprints, which may produce greater effects than traditional sprint training. We compared a resisted sprint training with overload control versus an unresisted sprint training program on performance in soccer players. Eighteen elite athletes were randomly assigned to resisted (RST) or unresisted sprint training protocol (UR). Before and after a 6-week training period, sprinting ability, change of direction speed (COD), vertical jumps (SJ and CMJ), mean power (MP) and mean propulsive power (MPP) at distinct loads were assessed. Both groups improved sprinting ability at all distances evaluated (5m: UR = 8%, RST = 7%; 10m: UR = 5%, RST = 5%; 15m: UR = 4%, RST = 4%; 20m: UR = 3%, RST = 3%; 25m: UR = 2%, RST = 3%;), COD (UR = 6%; RST = 6%), SJ (UR = 15%; RST = 13%) and CMJ (UR = 15%; RST = 15%). Additionally, both groups increased MP and MPP at all loads evaluated. The between-group magnitude-based inference analysis demonstrated comparable improvement (“trivial” effect) in all variables tested. Finally, our findings support the effectiveness of a short-term training program involving squat jump exercise plus sprinting exercises to improve the performance of soccer players.     

Light-load maximal lifting velocity full squat training program improves important physical and skill characteristics in futsal players

This study aimed to compare the effect of 6 weeks of resistance training or combined resistance training and change of direction exercises on physical performance and motor skills in futsal players. Thirty-four futsal players were divided into full squat group (SG, n = 12), combined full squat and change of direction exercises group (S+CDG, n = 12) and control group (CG, n = 10). The resistance training for SG consisted of full squat with low load (~45–58% 1RM) and low volume (4–6 repetitions), whereas the S+CDG performed the same resistance training program combined with loaded change of direction. Sprint time in 10 and 20 m, change of direction test, countermovement vertical jump (CMJ) height, maximal strength and force–velocity relationship in full squat exercise, kicking speed ball (BS_mean) and repeated sprint ability (RSA_mean) were selected as testing variables. Both experimental groups showed significant improvements for CMJ, BS_mean and all strength parameters. Only SG resulted in significant sprint gains, whereas S+CDG also achieved significant improvements in RSA_mean. The CG remained unchanged after training period. No significant differences were found between both experimental groups. These findings suggest that only 12 sessions of either lightweight resistance training alone, lifting the load at maximal intended velocity or combined with change of direction exercises is enough to improve several physical and skills capacities critical to futsal performance in adult players.     

Kinematic effects of repeated turns while running

Abstract

In team sports, non-contact ACL and MCL injuries occur during abrupt changes of direction, like turns or cutting manoeuvres. Fatigue affects dynamic neuromuscular control and increases knee injury risk. This study analysed how lower limb joints and centre-of-mass kinematics are affected throughout a high-intensity running protocol involving repeated 180°-turns. Twenty young men (18–23 years, BMI: 20.8–24.4?kg?m^?2) completed a 5-m shuttle running trial lasting 5?min at an average speed of 75% of their maximum aerobic speed. During the test, cardio-metabolic parameters were obtained, together with joints and centre-of-mass kinematics, using a motion capture system. Kinematic data were compared between the first and the last minute of exercise. Perceived exercise intensity ranged from “hard” to “maximum exertion” and post-exercise lactate concentration ranged from 5.4 to 15.5?mM. The repetition of 180°-turns induced a substantial reduction of hip (?60%, p?<?.001, large effect) and knee flexion (?40%, p?=?.003, medium-to-large effect), and an increase of hip adduction and internal rotation (+25–30%, p?<?.05, medium-to-large effect). Since such movements are factors increasing the likelihood of non-contact knee injuries, we concluded that the prolonged repetition of turns may expose participants to increased risk of ligament failure. Prevention programmes should include discipline-specific neuromuscular training especially in late practices.     

踝关节稳定程度差异对侧跳落地缓冲模式影响的研究

目的:探讨不同踝关节稳定程度对侧跳落地缓冲时姿势稳定策略与神经肌肉控制的影响。方法:36名男性大学高水平运动员为受试者,按照踝关节不稳定程度分为12人健康组(CON)、12人隐患组(LAT)和12人不稳定组(CAI),以随机顺序执行4次单足连续侧跳动作,涉及外侧侧向跳动作(SHL)与内侧侧向跳动作(SHM)。使用VICON三维动作捕捉系统、KISTLER测力板与DELSYS无线表面肌电收集下肢生物力学参数;使用独立样本单因子方差分析(one-way ANOVA)比较各组在起跳后落地5个阶段的下肢关节运动学参数、动力学参数及肌肉激活水平。结果:1)下肢矢状面肌群激活程度与踝关节肌肉共同收缩率,对CAI组的动态姿势稳定扮演重要角色,以SHL落地的踝关节外翻动作能降低踝关节内翻扭伤风险;2)在SHL落地模式下,CAI组髋关节内收动作可能会引起踝关节内翻动作,侧跳落地的踝关节内翻角速度出现较早且快速的特征是CAI组反复扭伤的关键;3)踝关节策略主要影响压力中心(COP)参数,髋关节策略则能改变质量中心(COM);CON组侧跳的落地缓冲与姿势控制能力不及CAI稳定;SHM落地模式是踝关节内翻扭伤的高风险动作。结论:CAI组运动员即便在扭伤康复后,仍存在再次扭伤的可能,可针对踝关节活动范围与神经肌肉控制进行强化与训练,避免反复损伤。     

步态生物力学研究进展

阐述了步态生物力学的时间参数、空间参数、时－空参数和力学参数的研究状况，以及各参 数在行走功能评定、疗效评定、指导治疗和行走辅助装置设计等方面的应用。     

奥林匹克元典精神的异化与价值取向的转移

现代奥林匹克运动在广延与函盖上是古希腊罗马时期所无法比拟的 ,系统的考察奥林匹克运动的发展与变迁不难发现 ,无论在价值观念上 ,还是在外在形式上都体现出奥林匹克运动价值取向的异化     

对体操赛制变迁引发问题的思考

通过对体操赛制变化的分析,对其引发的有关问题进行了探讨,以探求更合理的确定训练的指导思维和训练周期。     

试论全民健身与高校体育改革

本文就全民健身与高校体育改革展开研讨 ,文中对目前高校体育改革中关注的问题进行研究 ,认为高校体育改革必须和全民健身活动相适应     

体育舞蹈团体舞队形及其变化的探析

结合体育舞蹈团体舞的项目特点,对队形的类型、特点与动作的相互关系及其变化的规律进行了探讨。     

对短跑运动员途中跑踝关节技术的研究

通过对短跑运动员途中跑踝关节技术的比较研究，探讨了踝关节技术与屈蹬技术的关系，以及踝关节技术对运动员途中跑中各项技术指标产生的影响。研究认为：背屈踝前摆腿技术要优于放松踝的前摆腿技术。主要表现在有利于屈蹬技术的形成，蹬地更有力，支撑时间更短，步频更快。     

近年来皮艇划桨技术的变革

随着科技的进步和新材料的出现、器材的改进,皮艇划桨技术动作也应不断改进,使划桨轨迹、膝关节的角度、推桨手完成推桨的位置、划桨的有效幅度及发力时间更趋合理。     

论学校体育的素质教育

学校体育的50年启示表明,素质教育现代化是学校体育指导思想的又一次变革和飞跃,是学校体育深化和发展的方向.它跳出了原有的思想模式,形成新思想的坐标,是对现代学校体育思想的一种矫正,是现代教育对学校体育目的科学的表述.     

男子优秀摔跤运动员的踝关节肌力特征

采用分组等动测试方法,并紧密结合摔跤项目的运动实践,探讨摔跤运动员的踝关节肌力特征。结果表明,踝关节背屈肌力是优秀摔跤运动员训练中应注重发展的力量素质;踝关节的肌力特征,是以肌肉持续抵抗疲劳的能力为主。