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1.
踝关节损伤是篮球运动中常见的一种损伤。文章通过问卷对普通高校大学生在篮球运动中踝关节损伤的原因、程度进行了调查,根据踝关节生理结构和篮球运动特点对损伤原因进行了研究;通过计算受调查者的身体质量指数(BMI),分析了肥胖度与受伤率的关系;并对踝关节损伤的预防提出了合理的建议。 相似文献
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运用文献资料、实验比较等研究方法,对与苏北农村男性居民体质健康状况非常密切的身体成分随着年龄增长而发生变化情况进行研究,探讨其身体脂肪含量的分布和变化规律。研究表明,苏北农村男性居民的体脂含量随年龄的增长而增大,并呈阶段性变化。成年后,脂肪增长是体重增长的主要成分,约占69%。身体脂肪的分布具有明显的增龄性变化,主要是向心性聚集,全身脂肪55%左右含量聚集在身体的躯干部位。 相似文献
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以2008北京奥运会女子竞技体操比赛全能成绩前36名运动员为研究对象,探讨优秀女子竞技体操运动员身体质量指数同运动成绩之间的关系。运用多元层次回归分析年龄,BMI以及BMI2与运动成绩之间的关系。结果显示:平均年龄17.2(SD=2.01);平均身体质量指数为17.1(SD=1.41)。优秀女子竞技体操运动员BMI与运动成绩呈曲线相关关系,优秀女子竞技体操运动员BMI较低,一般较低的BMI倾向于取得更好的运动成绩,但是过高或者过低的BMI都会对成绩产生负面影响。 相似文献
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Abstract The aims of this study were to identify whether relative shape and size characteristics of world-class sprinters have changed over time, and whether any anthropometric parameters characterize the most successful world-class sprinters. The results suggest that body mass index, reflecting greater muscle mass rather than greater adiposity, is an important factor associated with success in both male and female world-class sprinters over time. However, in female athletes the reciprocal ponderal index (RPI) has emerged as a more important indicator of success over several decades, with taller, more linear sprinters achieving greater success, as measured by sprint speed. In male sprinters it is only in the most recent decade that RPI has emerged as an important predictor of success. We speculate that the prominence of the RPI and an ectomophic somatotype being typical of the most successful world-class sprinters might be explained, in part, by the influence of stride length on sprint speed. In conclusion, these results suggest that coaches, selectors, and sports scientists should consider body shape when selecting potential athletes for sprint events, encouraging more linear athletes with a high RPI. 相似文献
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文章通过对山西大学、山西财经大学、太原理工大学、中北大学等高校2010年度校运动会上,各个项目前八名男子运动员与在校二级高水平运动员体成分进行比较,旨在找出某些规律性特征,从而为运动员科学选材、有效控制体重提供一定的客观依据。 相似文献
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Han Chen Lynn Housner Yong Gao 《Measurement in physical education and exercise science》2017,21(3):113-120
The study aimed to explore how weight changes from childhood to adolescence influenced the performances of physical fitness. The participants (N = 115) were pre-tested when they were in kindergarten, first, or second grades (mean age = 7.25). The same participants were post-tested again after 6 years. The President’s Challenge test battery was used in the study. A repeated measure multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was conducted to examine the effects of time and body mass index (BMI) change on participants’ fitness performances. Results showed that participants who maintained normal weight made greater improvements in the performances of sit-ups, flexed-arm hang, and shuttle run tests than those who became or maintained overweight/obese weight status. Additionally, children who maintained normal weight were 6.21 times more likely to achieve healthy fitness zone (HFZ) standards for the 1-mile run post-test. The findings highlight the importance of maintaining normal body weight during elementary school years in achieving better physical fitness. 相似文献
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目的:描述上海市20~59岁成年人体脂率(BF%)、身体质量指数(BMI)、腰围(WC)等形态指标人群分布特征,探讨BF%、BMI、WC的异同点。方法:基于2020年第五次国民体质监测上海市20~59岁成年人数据库,纳入26 826名研究对象,分析不同性别、年龄组成年人BF%、BMI、WC特征以及相关人群分布。结论:上海市成年男性WC随年龄增长而增大,成年女性BF%和WC随年龄的增长而增长。以BF%、BMI、WC 3个指标评判上海市20~59岁成年人超重与肥胖情况时存在着一定的差异。上海市成年男性以WC为标准检出肥胖率最高,以BF%为标准检出超正常标准率最高;上海市成年女性以BF%为标准检出超正常标准率及肥胖率最高。BMI与BF%相结合,或与WC相结合,可以反映身体脂肪含量及比例,以及脂肪分布。 相似文献
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Adam S. Gale-Watts 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(8):948-954
The aim of the present study was to identify whether the relative shape and size characteristics of elite male tennis players have changed over time, and in addition whether any anthropometric parameters characterise the more successful players in Grand Slam tournaments. The height and body mass of the players qualifying for the first round in all four Grand Slam tennis tournaments during the period 1982–2011 was obtained, and successful players defined arbitrarily as those reaching round 3 or beyond. Body mass index (BMI) and the reciprocal ponderal index (RPI) were used as our measures of body shape. Multilevel modelling was used to explore the trend over time using non-linear polynomials. The results suggest that the body shape of elite tennis players has changed over time, with a non-linear (cubic polynomial regression model) increase in BMI and a similar non-linear decline in the RPI. BMI, reflecting greater muscle mass rather than greater adiposity, has emerged as an important factor associated with success, identified by a significantly positive (steeper) “successful player”-by-“year” interaction term. The evidence that the RPI of elite tennis players has also decreased over time, together with a significantly negative “successful player”-by-“year” interaction term, suggests that a more linear (ectomorphic) body shape is a less important factor in terms of success. These results suggest that elite male tennis players are becoming more power trained athletes as opposed to endurance athletes, with greater muscle mass being an important factor associated with success in all Grand Slam tournaments. 相似文献
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Mark A. Williams Julian D. Ward Paul Ward Nicolas J. Smeeton 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):428-433
Abstract Initial performance, final performance, and the amount of learning in 50 trials of the rho test motor performance task were obtained on 120 boys and girls, aged 10 and 14. Initial and final performance showed significant age, sex, and age w/i sex differences. The amount of learning showed no differences. 相似文献
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利用潍坊地区某医学院大学生2003-2012的体质指数作为样本,构建灰色预测GM(1,1)模型,对该地区大学生2013的体质指数进行预测、分析研究,掌握该地区青少年的身体健康状况,有针对性地提出合理化建议。 相似文献
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郭艳利 《体育科技文献通报》2014,(5):25-26,39
目的:观察毽球运动对中青年妇女的体重、血脂、体重指数及身体形态等指标的影响,探讨毽球运动对中青年妇女的健身作用。实验对象:13名健康中青年妇女。运动方案:毽球运动3个月,每周5次,每次1.5-2h。结果:与运动前相比,受试者体重、BMI、体脂百分数降低,有显著性或非常显著性差异(p0.05,p0.01)。与运动前相比,受试者HDL升高,有显著性差异(p0.05)。与运动前相比,受试者TC、TG降低,有显著性差异(p0.05)。与运动前相比,受试者腰围、腰臀比下降,有显著性或非常显著性差异(p0.05,p0.01);与运动前相比,受试者小腿围显著性升高,有显著性差异(p0.05)。结论:三个月毽球运动可改善中青年妇女的身体成分和血脂水平,有助于改善中青年妇女的体形和促进健康。 相似文献
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王磊 《体育科技文献通报》2012,20(6):76-78
本文运用文献资料法、测试调查法和数理分析法等方法,调查了河南省高校390名退休教师身体形态(身高、体重、腰围、臀围、上臂皮褶厚度和肩胛部皮褶厚度)6项指标,利用BMI和WHR综合分析,退休教师的身体形态具有明显的年龄特性,进一步分析退休教师身体形态的变化规律及存在的差异和原因,为研究河南省老年人体质健康状况和制订科学的健身方式提供科学数据。 相似文献
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目的:调查石家庄市成年人超重及肥胖的发生率,分析其体重指数与体脂百分比的关系及对两种方法判定肥胖的比较。方法:测试95例成年人的身高、体重,计算体重指数,并用皮褶厚度法计算其体脂百分比。结果:以BMI为标准判定,女性肥胖的检出率为13.3%,男性肥胖的检出率为54.3%;以体脂百分比为标准判定,女性肥胖的检出率为40.1%,男性肥胖的检出率为65.7%。结论:用体重指数和体脂百分比作为不同的诊断方法,肥胖检出率后者明显高于前者,在判定超重与肥胖应将两者结合起来。 相似文献
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长期运动训练对速滑运动员体成分的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为探讨长期运动训练对速滑运动员身体成分的影响,采用美国产身体成分分析仪310e对吉林省8名男子速滑运动员的瘦体重、体重指数(BMI)、体脂百分率、身体水分、身体水分占瘦体重的百分比等几项生理指标进行测试。结果表明,长期速滑训练能有效减少体脂,瘦体重相对增大;BMI指数接近于正常人的标准;身体水分占瘦体重的百分比偏低,有轻微的脱水现象。 相似文献
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目的:调查潮州市居民体质指数及血压、血脂与血糖水平,为评估潮州居民健康生活方式提供依据.方法:对1 318名潮州市18岁以上居民进行问卷调查,统计分析其自述体质指数、低体重、超重、肥胖及异常血压、血脂和血糖发生率.结果:潮州市居民平均体质指数男性为22.86±3.65,女性为21.55±2.93.体重偏低、正常、超重和肥胖率分别为8.35%、65.63%、19.35%和6.67%.高血压、高血脂和高血糖发生率分别为18.29%、13.64%和10.63%.结论:潮州市居民体质指数、超重、肥胖率及高血压、高血脂发生率低于国内其他地区,低体重发生率则高于国内其他地区. 相似文献
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老年人体重指数与血压的相关性探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对216名老年知识分子进行了体质检查,分析了体重指数(BMI)与血压的相关性。结果显示:男女性BMI差异不显著(P≥0 05)。控制其他危险因素后,女性BMI超重者中BMI与SBP(收缩压)几乎呈完全相关(|r|=0 96)。结果表明:到了老年期,男女性体形越来越接近,脂肪总量与脂肪分布差异不大,主要分布在腰、臀及大腿周围。此结果对高血压及心血管疾病的防治提供了有效的理论依据。 相似文献
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《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(4):356-363
Abstract Relative age effects (RAEs) refer to age differences between children in the same selection year. The present study investigated the prevalence of RAEs and their link to playing positions in Swiss junior soccer. Swiss male junior soccer players (n=50,581) representing 11% of the age-matched population – members of extra-curricular soccer teams – were evaluated to determine the influence of RAEs on Swiss junior soccer. Subgroups were the national talent development programme (n=2880), and U-15 to U-21 national teams (n=630). While no RAEs were found for the self-selected extra-curricular soccer teams or for the U-20 teams (P>0.05), significant RAEs were found for talent development and the national U-15 to U-19 and U-21 teams (P<0.01). Additionally, defenders born early in the year were significantly overrepresented compared with goalkeepers, midfielders and strikers (P<0.05). In Switzerland, RAEs apparently have substantial influence on the talent identification process for U-15 to U-18 teams, significantly influencing the selection of players in talent development teams already at an early age, but do not influence self-selected participation in extra-curricular soccer. Additionally, the RAE bias may be a predictor of playing positions in national teams. To minimise RAEs in Swiss soccer, systematic education for all coaches regarding RAEs should be established, in addition to a slotting system with rotating calendar cut-off dates. 相似文献
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Abstract Previous research has shown that young male soccer players who are born early in a cohort are overrepresented on elite soccer teams. Selection advantages such as this have been termed ‘relative age effects’ (RAEs). Few studies have examined RAEs in elite women's youth soccer. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the occurrence of RAEs in the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) U-17 Women's World Cup competition and their link to playing positions. In the entire cohort of 672 players, we found significant RAEs in the geographical zones of Europe and North and Central America, no RAEs in the zones of Asia, Oceania, and South America, and significant inverse RAEs in the zone of Africa. Additionally, significant RAEs were found for goalkeepers and defenders from Europe and North and Central America. Inverse RAEs occurred for African goalkeepers, defenders, and strikers. Goalkeepers of all zones were significantly taller than players of all other playing positions. The results of this study show that remarkable RAEs do exist at elite women's youth soccer. Similar to men's soccer, there is a bias toward the inclusion of relatively older players, and a link between RAEs and playing positions. 相似文献