In-season changes in ventricular morphology and systolic function in adolescent female athletes

Purpose: To evaluate the influence of physical maturity on the changes in ventricular morphology and function with sport training in female youth athletes.

Methods: Thirty-two female athletes (age 13–18 years) underwent height and weight measurement and 2-D echocardiographic evaluation immediately prior to, and following, a 20-week soccer season. Pre- and post-season left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), ejection fraction (LVEF), stroke volume (LVSV), mass (LVM), and posterior wall thickness (LVPWT), right ventricular end-diastolic diameter (RVEDD), end-diastolic area (RVEDA), and fractional area change (RVFAC), and interventricular septal thickness (IVST) were compared. In-season change in each variable was compared across pre-season hours of vigorous physical activity (0–1, 2–3, >3 hours).

Results: Significant increases were identified in LVEDV (51.3?±?10.4?v 56.4?±?9.6?ml/m², p?=?0.001) and RVEDA (10.5?±?1.9?v 11.3?±?2.5?cm²/m², p?=?0.040), but not LVEDD, LVM, LVPWT, LVSV, RVEDD, RVEDA, RVFAC, or IVST (p?>?0.05 for all). In-season changes in echocardiographic variables did not differ across hours of pre-season vigorous physical activity (p?>?0.05 for all).

Conclusion: Among female adolescent soccer players, in-season training elicits changes in resting ventricular volume, but not wall thickness or systolic function. These adaptations do not appear to be influenced by pre-season physical activity level.     

两种训练方式对男大学生STI的影响

为了探讨同属有氧训练的短期耐力和力量性耐力训练对男大学生STI的影响．分别在训练前、训练6周和训练8周后测试了20名男大学生的S11。结果发现：耐力训练6周后LVET、QS2就有显著性延长．而力量性耐力训练8周后LVET、QS2才有显著性延长。这提示：短期耐力训练和力量性耐力训练都能延长LVET和QS2，但存在一个不同的训练时间阈值。     

中老年人运动后收缩压恢复延迟与心血管危险因素关系的研究

目的:探讨中老年人运动后收缩压恢复(PSBPR)延迟与心血管危险因素的关系.方法:175名中老年人自愿参加本研究,所有受试者均进行一次递增负荷功率车实验,分别测定运动前安静时、运动中以及运动后恢复期的收缩压,以运动后第3 min的收缩压与运动后第1min收缩压的比值超过1.0作为PSBPR延迟的指标,将受试者分为PSBPR正常组和PSBPR延迟组,比较两组心血管危险因素异常及危险因素聚集检出率的差异并对PSBPR延迟与心血管危险因素进行相关分析.结果:肥胖、高血压、血脂异常、吸烟、缺乏体力活动等心血管危险因素异常以及危险因素聚集检出率在PSBPR延迟组明显高于PSBPR正常组,且PSBPR延迟组超过半数的人发生心血管危险因素聚集.相关分析显示,肥胖、年龄、缺乏体力活动、心血管危险因素聚集、吸烟、高血压和血脂异常是PSBPR延迟的主要影响因素;在调整性别、年龄、心血管疾病家族史等不可改变因素后,PSBPR延迟与缺乏体力活动、心血管危险因素聚集、肥胖、吸烟和糖尿病显著相关.结论:PSBPR延迟可能是中老年人可调控的心血管危险因素.     

运动后收缩压恢复与单纯性肥胖(超重)的关系

分析运动后收缩压恢复(PSBPR)与单纯性肥胖(超重)的关系,探索PSBPR延迟作为肥胖(超重)患者新的调控标志物的可行性。将169名志愿者按照身体质量指数(BMI)分为肥胖(超重)组(BMI≥24 kg/m2,n=91名)和正常体重组(18 kg/m2≤BMI<24 kg/m2,n=78名)。所有受试者均进行一次递增负荷功率车实验,分别测定运动前安静时、运动中以及运动后恢复期的收缩压,以运动后第3分钟的收缩压与运动后第1分钟收缩压的比值(第3分钟收缩压恢复比,rSBPR)超过1.0作为PSBPR延迟的指标。比较两组rSBPR和PSBPR延迟发生率的差别并分析肥胖指数(体脂百分比、身体质量指数(BMI)、腰围(WC)、腰臀比(WHR)、腰围身高比(WSR))与rSBPR的相关性。结果:肥胖(超重)组rSBPR(男:0.97±0.03;女:0.95±0.05)高于正常体重组(男:0.79±0.02;女:0.80±0.04)(均为P<0.01);肥胖(超重)组PSBPR延迟发生率(男:16.0%;女:23.4%)显著高于正常体重组(男:2.7%;女:4.3%)(均为P<0.01);肥胖(超重)的男性和女性发生PSBPR延迟的危险性分别是正常体重者的8.0倍和4.6倍。相关分析显示,肥胖(超重)组男性体脂百分数、BMI与rSBPR相关系数分别为0.381(P<0.01)和0.316(P<0.01),肥胖(超重)组女性WSR与rSBPR相关系数为0.402(P<0.01),正常体重组男性体脂百分数、BMI与rSBPR相关系数分别为0.436(P<0.01)和0.310(P<0.01)。结果表明:PSBPR延迟可能是肥胖(超重)患者可调控的心血管危险因素     

对我国高等院校体育俱乐部的研究

越来越多的高校以体育俱乐部的形式进行了教学改革,但目前对高校体育俱乐部的研究存在着概念模糊、分类不准确、定性不明确等问题,结合理论与实践对以上问题进行了分析,并提出了自己的见解。     

Changes in repeated-sprint performance in relation to change in locomotor profile in highly-trained young soccer players

Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of changes in maximal aerobic (MAS) and sprinting (MSS) speeds and the anaerobic reserve (ASR) on repeated-sprint performance. Two hundred and seventy highly-trained soccer players (14.5 ± 1.6 year) completed three times per season (over 5 years) a maximal incremental running test to approach MAS, a 40-m sprint with 10-m splits to assess MSS and a repeated-sprint test (10 × 30-m sprints), where best (RSb) and mean (RSm) sprint times, and percentage of speed decrement (%Dec) were calculated. ASR was calculated as MSS-MAS. While ?RSb were related to ?MSS and ?body mass (r² = 0.42, 90%CL[0.34;0.49] for the overall multiple regression, n = 334), ?RSm was also correlated with ?MAS and ?sum of 7 skinfolds (r² = 0.43 [0.35;0.50], n = 334). There was a small and positive association between ?%Dec and ?MAS (r² = 0.02 [?0.07;0.11], n = 334). Substantial ?MSS and ?MAS had a predictive value of 70 and 55% for ?RSm, respectively. Finally, ?ASR per se was not predictive of ?RSm (Cohen’s = +0.8 to ?0.3 with increased ASR), but the greater magnitude of ?RSm improvement was observed when MSS, MAS and ASR increased together (0.8 vs. +0.4 with ASR increased vs. not, additionally to MSS and MAS). Low-cost field tests aimed at assessing maximal sprinting and aerobic speeds can be used to monitor ?RS performance.     

论新生活运动正当娱乐中的体育

新生活运动历时15年,涉及到了国民生活的方方面面。娱乐作为生活的重要组成部分,也受到新生活运动的影响。为了纠正社会上根深蒂固的“烟”、“赌”和“娼”等不良风气,新生活运动组织十分重视对正当娱乐的提倡,对体育尤为重视。蒋介石本人在新生活运动周年纪念大会上专门提到过体育问题。体育活动曾被作为新生活运动的年度中心工作或者工作要点来开展。虽然最后对体育的提倡没有达到十分理想的效果,但确实引导了国民的健康观念。新生活运动组织还培养了数量不多的体育人员,为近代体育的发展注入了动力。     

2004年上海市竞技体育后备人才运动成绩比较分析

运用文献资料、专家访谈和数理统计研究方法,对上海市二、三线运动员2004年参加全国比赛前三名的成绩进行分析,并与部分省市二、三线运动员成绩比较。结果表明:上海市竞技体育后备人才部分项目在全国保持一定优势,但后备人才严重匮乏;未来几年比赛夺金人员缺乏;部分项目与其它省市有较大的差距;其它省市对上海优势项目构成较大威胁。     

武汉市城镇居民体育消费现状的调查与分析

运用问卷调查和文献资料等方法,对武汉市居民体育消费水平、体育消费结构、体育消费影响因素、体育消费发展趋势等进行了分析研究。结果表明:居民对体育的功能和作用有深刻认识,但由于经济因素和传统习惯等影响,保守性消费观念仍占主导地位;体育消费的绝对水平较10年前大幅增长,但相对水平涨幅不大。     

Physiotherapy in Critical Care in Australia

A physiotherapist is part of the multidisciplinary team in most intensive care units in Australia. Physiotherapists are primary contact practitioners and use a comprehensive multisystem assessment that includes the respiratory, cardiovascular, neurological, and musculoskeletal systems to formulate individualized treatment plans. The traditional focus of treatment has been the respiratory management of both intubated and spontaneously breathing patients. However, the emerging evidence of the longstanding physical impairment suffered by survivors of intensive care has resulted in physiotherapists re-evaluating treatment priorities to include exercise rehabilitation as a part of standard clinical practice. The goals of respiratory physiotherapy management are to promote secretion clearance, maintain or recruit lung volume, optimize oxygenation, and prevent respiratory complications in both the intubated and spontaneously breathing patient. In the intubated patient, physiotherapists commonly employ manual and ventilator hyperinflation and positioning as treatment techniques whilst in the spontaneously breathing patients there is an emphasis on mobilization. Physiotherapists predominantly use functional activities for the rehabilitation of the critically ill patient in intensive care. While variability exists between states and centers, Australian physiotherapists actively treat critically ill patients targeting interventions based upon research evidence and individualized assessment. A trend toward more emphasis on exercise rehabilitation over respiratory management is evident.Key Words: physiotherapy, intensive care     

Changes in leg kinematics in response to unpredictability in lateral jump execution

Abstract

Lateral movements like cutting are essential in many team sport disciplines. The aim of the present study was to analyse adaptations in motor control in response to task unpredictability during lateral movement execution. Twelve subjects performed lateral jumps with different landing modalities (stable, sliding or counteracting) that were either known (predictable setting) or unknown (unpredictable setting) prior to movement execution. Results revealed that regardless of the landing modality, hip joint abduction was significantly greater in the unpredictable compared to predictable setting. Furthermore, during the sliding landing modality, hip flexion decreased from 211 ± 7° to 207 ± 7° and knee flexion decreased from 26 ± 4° to 24 ± 4° at the instant of ground contact in the unpredictable compared to predictable condition. During the stable landing modality, the knee joint abduction increased from ?0.3 ± 6° to ?3 ± 6° after initial ground contact in the unpredictable compared to predictable setting. The present results support our hypothesis that pre-programmed motor activity depends on the predictability of the landing modality during lateral movements. According to its adaptation in the frontal plane and in some extent in the sagittal plane, the hip joint seems to play the major role in the modulation of the pre-programmed activity for successful lateral jump execution in an unpredictable setting. However, these kinematic adaptations are concerning since these changes were associated with higher knee abduction during the stable landing modality and therefore with possible higher risk of injury.     

“体育强市”视域下上海市公共体育服务研究

公共体育服务是上海“体育强市”建设的基础支撑.“十一五”时期,上海市公共体育服务制度化建设逐渐加强,便民化设施不断增多,系列化活动初具规模,但仍面临着“制度设计”执行不力、“多元主体”供给失衡、“以需定供”尚未畅通等困境.在建设“体育强市”的过程中,应夯实公共体育服务基础,丰富公共体育服务内涵,培育公共体育服务多元主体,构建公共体育服务评价机制.     

论面向21世纪高等医学院校的体育改革

面对21世纪,高等医学院校体育教育改革应给学生全方位的体育教育,尤其要结合医学专业特点,提高选择和制定运动处方及指导监督他人体育健身康复的能力。     

竞技体育悲剧的美学内涵

结合竞技体育比赛中悲剧事件发生现象,剖析了竞技体育悲剧的对象及精神本质,提出了竞技体育悲剧美是一种严肃之美、积极之美、愉悦之美、和谐之美。     

大学体育教学中的情商(EQ)培养

通过大量分析和查阅前人研究成果,指出大学体育教学与大学生的EQ培养之间,有着不可分割的关系。并进一步阐明了当前EQ教育现状及发展对策,同时呼吁广大教育工作者真正认识其重要性,并在体育教学中有意识地去努力培养学生的情商理念。     

Sexual violence in organized sport in Germany

Although the topic of sexual violence in sport has gained considerable attention in recent years, prevalence rates of sexual violence experience in German athletes are not yet available. Therefore, the current study aimed to address this by assessing prevalence rates in a comprehensive sample of German elite athletes. Overall, 1529 German elite athletes over 16 years of age from 128 different sports took part in an online survey. Mean age was 21.6 years; 56% were female. Participants were presented with seventeen different sexual violence situations (from sexist jokes to forced penetration) and asked to indicate how often they had experienced each particular situation in the sport setting. Results revealed that 37.6% of the athletes had experienced at least one sexual violence situation in organized sport; 11.2% reported a severe form of sexual violence. Female athletes were affected significantly more often than male athletes, and persons with a sexual orientation other than heterosexual more often than heterosexuals. No significant differences could be found with regard to age, level of performance, type of sports, dis-/ability or migration background of the athletes. These results indicate that sexual violence is a problem that needs to be addressed across elite sports in Germany. Prevention concepts need to be developed and applied across sports contexts.     

高校体育专项教学中应用内隐学习的探讨

依据内隐学习在运动技能学习上优势的理论,概述近年来运动技能运用内隐学习来习得的试验研究,在对上述研究的基本特征加以总结的基础上,指出在高校体育教学中运用内隐学习对教学效果将起到重要的作用.     

新世纪我国基础教育体育课程改革的价值选择

课程设计、课程实施和课程评价构成了课程改革的核心环节,新世纪我国基础教育体育课程改革的3个核心环节都面临着新的价值选择.体育课程设计要在以人为本的基础上,实现社会本位、学科本位与学生本位的有机融合.体育课程实施要以“健康第一”为航向标,做到忠实取向、相互适应取向及创生取向的有机结合.体育课程评价要全面落实发展性评价理念,体现体育课程评价促进课程完善、教师专业发展及学生健康成长等方面的课程发展价值.     

MS-EEPO有效教育运用于广西中小学体育的研究

结合对中小学体育课尝试运用有效教学的实践,对广西中小学体育课堂运用有效教学做了一些初步的研究和思考。主要围绕有效教育中的学习方式在中小学体育课堂的运用进行论述,为新课改的体育有效教学提供参考。