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1.
Koen Put Johan Wagemans Jochim Spitz A. Mark Williams 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(2):181-189
In association football, the difficulty in making offside decisions depends on both perceptual and cognitive processes. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were to enhance the decision-making skills of assistant referees by further developing their ability to (1) time slice the incoming information flow into series of isolated time frames during an ongoing offside situation and (2) use this information to mentally read off the spatial positions of the key-role players. Training (n = 10) and control groups (n = 10) were exposed to a pre- and post-test, consisting of an offside decision-making and frame recognition test. In the latter, assistant referees were asked to indicate which of five photos best represented the spatial position of the defender and attacker at the moment of the pass. Only the training group received 12 web-based offside training sessions. First, the training group improved in mentally freezing, holding and scanning the mental picture of the offside situation in short-term memory from pre- to post-test, as evidenced by an increased recognition accuracy. Second, the improvement in recognition accuracy resulted in enhanced performance on the offside decision-making task. The benefits of web-based training are highlighted. 相似文献
2.
浅谈在大中专院校学生中培养篮球裁判员 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3
对篮球规则、裁判法、记录台工作在比赛中常出现的问题 ,从理论上进行分析研究 ,旨在为培养大中专院校学生篮球裁判员提供一些科学理论依据。 相似文献
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无论是运动员,还是球迷都对裁判员执法的准确性提出了更高的要求,希望裁判员做出客观、公正与准确的判罚。采用文献资料、逻辑分析等方法,在分析鹰眼技术的基础上,对羽毛球竞赛采用鹰眼技术的必要性进行论述;同时,结合羽毛球运动自身的特点,阐述将鹰眼技术引入羽毛球赛场所面对的各种问题(资金、技术、比赛过程);并在分析这些问题的基础上,提出相应解决问题的措施与建议,进而做出鹰眼技术必将广泛应用于体育赛场的判断。 相似文献
4.
Erich Petushek Chris Richter David Donovan William P. Ebben Phillip B. Watts Randall L. Jensen 《Sports Engineering》2012,15(3):159-166
Quantifying countermovement jump (CMJ) and landing knee flexion angle is important for performance and injury risk assessment. The purpose of the study was to compare electrogoniometer (El-Gon)- and video-derived CMJ and landing knee flexion angle. Twenty-two adults performed three CMJs while knee flexion angle was simultaneously assessed using an El-Gon and video. The average systematic offset (RMSE) of the El-Gon-derived knee flexion angle throughout the entire movement was 7.03°?±?2.69°. Excellent reliability was demonstrated by the El-Gon (ICCavg?=?0.92). Countermovement knee flexion angle, maximum landing knee flexion angle and flexion angle at maximum vertical ground reaction force were 12.0°, 10.9°, and 5.7° higher, respectively, when assessed using El-Gon (p?<?0.001), compared to video. Errors between instruments are likely due to El-Gon crosstalk, misalignment and/or axis determination. The El-Gon is a cost-effective and time-efficient alternative to video analysis for the assessment of knee flexion angle if the error is accounted for and the sensor is precisely attached. 相似文献
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频闪视觉训练是一种新型的训练形式,该训练模式由个体在间歇性视觉条件下进行训练,目的是 在正常视觉条件下提高后续能力.介绍了频闪视觉训练的相关原理,列举和说明了频闪视觉训练在体育运动中的应用现状和使用效果.大量的研究表明频闪视觉训练对不同运动项目、不同领域、不同人群的好处,这对进一步推广频闪视觉训练具有重要意义.最后,讨... 相似文献
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《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(7):583-590
AbstractThe barbell back squat is commonly used by athletes participating in resistance training. The barbell squat is typically performed using standard athletic shoes, or specially designed weightlifting footwear, although there are now a large number of athletes who prefer to squat barefoot or in barefoot-inspired footwear. This study aimed to determine how these footwear influence 3-D kinematics and muscle activation potentials during the barbell back squat. Fourteen experienced male participants completed squats at 70% 1 rep max in each footwear condition. 3-D kinematics from the torso, hip, knee and ankle were measured using an eight-camera motion analysis system. In addition, electromyographical (EMG) measurements were obtained from the rectus femoris, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius, erector spinae and biceps femoris muscles. EMG parameters and joint kinematics were compared between footwear using repeated-measures analyses of variance. Participants were also asked to subjectively rate which footwear they preferred when performing their squat lifts; this was examined a chi-squared test. The kinematic analysis indicated that, in comparison to barefoot the running shoe was associated with increased squat depth, knee flexion and rectus femoris activation. The chi-squared test was significant and showed that participants preferred to squat barefoot. This study supports anecdotal evidence of athletes who prefer to train barefoot or in barefoot-inspired footwear although no biomechanical evidence was found to support this notion. 相似文献
7.
Angelo Sabag Abdolrahman Najafi Scott Michael Tuguy Esgin Mark Halaki 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(21):2472-2483
The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess the effect of concurrent high intensity interval training (HIIT) and resistance training (RT) on strength and hypertrophy. Five electronic databases were searched using terms related to HIIT, RT, and concurrent training. Effect size (ES), calculated as standardised differences in the means, were used to examine the effect of concurrent HIIT and RT compared to RT alone on muscle strength and hypertrophy. Sub-analyses were performed to assess region-specific strength and hypertrophy, HIIT modality (cycling versus running), and inter-modal rest responses. Compared to RT alone, concurrent HIIT and RT led to similar changes in muscle hypertrophy and upper body strength. Concurrent HIIT and RT resulted in a lower increase in lower body strength compared to RT alone (ES = ?0.248, p = 0.049). Sub analyses showed a trend for lower body strength to be negatively affected by cycling HIIT (ES = ?0.377, p = 0.074) and not running (ES = ?0.176, p = 0.261). Data suggests concurrent HIIT and RT does not negatively impact hypertrophy or upper body strength, and that any possible negative effect on lower body strength may be ameliorated by incorporating running based HIIT and longer inter-modal rest periods. 相似文献
8.
Collective efficacy is an important determinant of the motivation of individuals within groups, with increases in collective efficacy producing more effort in a task and greater persistence when faced with failure. To test hypotheses concerning the impact of collective efficacy on effort and persistence, participants (n = 22) were assigned to triads (consisting of the participant and two confederates) and performed three time trials on cycle ergometers. After trial 1, the participants were assigned to either a high or low collective efficacy condition, receiving appropriate bogus performance feedback. All groups received failure feedback after trial 2. Effort was assessed by performance time and maximum heart rate (HRmax) achieved during performance. A 2 (collective efficacy condition) x 3 (trials) analysis of variance with repeated measures on trials revealed significant interaction effects for both performance time and HRmax. Fisher's least significant difference post-hoc tests indicated that, following efficacy manipulation, groups low in collective efficacy significantly reduced both their performance time and HRmax, whereas groups high in collective efficacy maintained performance and HRmax. However, predictions concerning the impact of failure on persistence were not supported. Our results provide partial support for the role of collective efficacy in team sports. 相似文献
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模式训练是体育竞技运动项目训练质量的生命线,深入开展模块式专业基本技能训练,让运动员最大限度地投身到所学专业的环境中去,是全面提高专业训练的核心和捷径.文章以优秀跳远运动员刘志文为例案,运用模式训练,通过实际成绩与模式指标的对比,对刘志文训练进行有效的调控,进而促进了比赛成绩的提高,籍此探索如何科学地训练优秀跳远运动员的经验和规律. 相似文献
10.
Nourrit D Deschamps T Lauriot B Caillou N Delignières D 《Journal of sports sciences》2000,18(3):201-212
From an ecological point of view, motor learning emerges from the interplay of constraints on action, which shape behaviour towards the optimal solution, and practice, conceived as an active exploration of the work-space, to search this optimal solution. In the experiment reported here, we studied this interplay for a cyclical task performed on a ski-simulator. Our aim was to assess the respective effects of amplitude and practice on frequency variability and efficiency. On the basis of previous empirical findings, amplitude was expected, beyond a critical value, to constrain and stabilize the frequency of the movement. Three groups of participants practised during four sessions at three different amplitudes (15, 22.5 and 30 cm). The results showed that participants moving at large amplitude displayed more stable and more consistent frequencies. Nevertheless, there was no interaction effect between target amplitude and practice. On the other hand, movement economy and harmonicity increased with practice, but were not affected by amplitude. Finally, the results of transfer tests showed that the effects of large amplitude on frequency variability were not resistant to a subsequent decrease in target amplitude. These results suggest that constraints and practice act independently on motor behaviour, and that a high constraint could be detrimental to the development of effective search strategies. 相似文献
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运动训练水平的提高,关键在于训练的科学性与有效性.这取决于对所从事运动项目特性的认识及训练指导思想的正确与否.文章主要阐述了身体训练对各运动项目的重要意义与作用. 相似文献
12.
韩国和美国射箭运动科学化训练特点的研究 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
采用文献资料法,对近年来韩国和美国的射箭运动科学化训练的特点进行了初步研究,结果显示遵循射箭运动发展的规律,不断地进行技术革新,坚持快速发射的技术风格,有效地使用背肌发力与持续加力等新技术,从小开始早期训练,加强后备力量的培养,开发独特的心理训练方法,实行一套行之有效的训练管理制度,加强射箭训练科研工作,是韩国和美国在射箭运动上取得成功的主要原因,也是两国射箭运动科学化训练的主要特点。 相似文献
13.
几种生化指标( C K、 B U N、 H B、 L A、尿蛋白和隐血、尿 P H、胆红素和尿胆原、尿肌酐) 在运动实践中的应用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
在当前国际竞技水平不断提高的形势下, 千分之一秒的胜负都需要运动员付出极大的生理代价, 这就更加要求以科学合理的手段最大限度地挖掘人类的运动能力, 有目的地进行科学训练。下面就一些比较常用的生化指标的特性及其在运动实践中的应用作一综述。如对训练的适应, 机能状态的评定, 实际应用方法等, 使运动训练更具科学性。本理论对教练员和运动员有一定的参考意义。 相似文献
14.
"动态可控式"训练法在高校田径训练中的应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
拟用"动态可控式"训练的基本方法,使运动训练系统始终处于最优的动态平衡状态,以最大潜力地发掘高校运动员(学生)的运动天赋,并通过反馈控制系统训练原理有效地排除田径运动训练中的各种干扰,使运动训练工作朝着预定的目标发展. 相似文献
15.
目的:探讨不同运动方式对大鼠神经肌肉系统H反射的影响.方法:选择72只SD大鼠随机分为向心组、离心组和对照组,3组各24只,其中向心组在4°的动物跑台上进行向心训练,离心组在-14°的动物跑台上进行离心训练,对照组不参加训练,训练8周后对大鼠右侧腓肠肌进行肌电图测试,采集H反射的主要指标.结果:离心组的Mmax波值显著高于对照组和向心组;离心组的Hmax波值显著高于对照组.3组之间的Hmax/Mmax值并不存在显著性差异;离心组Mmax波和Hmax波出现的时间要显著迟于向心组.结论:不同运动方式对大鼠H反射产生不同程度的影响,特别是离心训练后大鼠神经肌肉适应性得到改善. 相似文献
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体育系和生物系女生70%VO2max恒负荷前后的血乳酸和乳酸脱氢酶的含量变化 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本研究测定了 1 7例体育系女生和 1 4例生物系女生 70 % VO2 max恒负荷前后体内血乳酸 (简称 BLA)和乳酸脱氢酶 (简称 LDH)含量。结果表明 :体育系女生在恒负荷后体内的 BLA浓度明显低于生物系女生 (p<0 .0 5) :LDH在恒负荷后含量明显增高 ,但两系之间没有明显差异。在 70 % VO2 max后 BLA含量有明显差异 ,这主要是体育锻炼使机体机能改善 ,有氧代谢能力和耐乳酸能力提高 ,从而为体育系的体育训练提供有价值的参考 相似文献
18.
通过对第19届足球世界杯64场比赛中越位的整体判罚情况以及判罚失误情况进行统计与分析,能帮助我们全面了解南非世界杯比赛中裁判员的整体执法状况,同时,也有利于提高我国助理裁判员对世界大赛中越位判罚尺度的了解与认识,丰富越位判罚经验,提高判罚水平。 相似文献
19.
在高校武术教学中,教师比较注重学生掌握动作的熟练性、节奏感、力点的准确性等方面,往往忽视对学生进行动作美感的培养。对于动作的优美性,提高动作的表现力,却常常停留在"可意会不可言传"的感性概念上。因此,有必要对影响武术动作美感的基本动作姿态进行初步的探讨,打破对动作形式认识上的误区,增强武术动作的优美性及表现力,以更好地提高教学质量。 相似文献
20.
间歇性训练和持续性训练对大鼠腓肠肌ATP酶活性的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
对大强度间歇训练和持续训练大鼠腓肠肌肌球蛋白Ca2 + -ATP酶活性进行比较 ,结果显示 :1) 6周训练后 ,两训练组在安静状态下 ,腓肠肌肌球蛋白Ca2 + -ATP酶活性均显著升高 (P <0 .0 1) ;2 )运动后即刻 ,与运动对照组相比 ,两组腓肠肌肌球蛋白Ca2 + -ATP酶活性显著下降 (P<0 .0 1) ;3 )在安静状态下 ,持训组肌球蛋白Ca2 + -ATP酶活性略高于间训组 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,而运动后即刻间训组显著高于持训组 (P <0 .0 5 )。研究结果提示间歇训练的效果优于同等强度持续训练。 相似文献