Can Restorative Practices Help to Reduce Disparities in School Discipline Data? A Review of the Literature

Disparities in school discipline data is a national concern. Schools across the nation are working to eliminate these disparities. This literature review considers one response to the disproportionate data, restorative practices. This article examines why exclusionary approaches to discipline are ineffective, contribute to imbalanced discipline data, exacerbate the achievement gap, and push minority students into the juvenile justice system. Restorative practices are an inclusionary, nonpunitive alternative. This approach offers a preventive component as well as a responsive component. I will use this article as a platform to show readers how and why using restorative practices, as an alternative to punitive practices, will support a reduction in the number of referrals and suspension given in schools in order to reduce, and ultimately eliminate the disparities in discipline data across the nation. Limitations in the research are highlighted and recommendations of where to focus future research are provided.     

The handshake across the vastest ocean of the world—the Exhibition of journeys to peace and Cooperation

“In July 1971,my father Richard Nixon,the then U.S.President,declared that he would visit china at the invitation of chairman mao zedong and Premier zhou enlai of the people‘s republic of china.“     

The Handshake Across the Vastest Ocean of the World—The Exhibition of Journeys to Peace and Cooperation

““““““““““““““““In July 1971, my father Richard Nixon, the then U.S. President, declared that he would visit China at the invitation of Chairman Mao Zedong and Premier Zhou Enlai of the People‘s Republic of China. The news astonished the world and changed the direction of history, because since 1949, the United States had had no diplomatic relations with the People‘s Republic of China. It was difficult for most people to believe that these two countries could overcome the ideological and political disparities to come together. On February 21, 1972, when my father set out on his journey for peace, he was very excited. As he stepped out of Air Force I, he decided to stretch out his hand first to Premier Zhou Enlai before he set on Chinese soil.““““““““““““““““- Julie Nixon Eisenhower, daughter of former U.S. President Richard Nixon     

From Vernacular Modernity to Urban Utopia——30 Years of the Sichuan School of Oil Painting 1976-2006

The exhibition “From Vernacular Modernity to Urban Utopia： 30 Years of the Sichuan School of Oil Painting 1976-2006 ”, organized by Center of International Cultural Exchange （CICE）, was opened in Boyi Gallery in the downtown of Beijing on June 30 and will last for one month. 130-strong choice works by 87 renowned artists were displayed at this landmark event.     

A Safari to the Hometown of Hetian Jade

Hetian jade is considered jade ofhighest grade for its fine quality,pure texture and color of mutton tallow. Jewelry tributes to Chinese emperors from Xinjiang were mostly made of hetian jade. Jade stones above the 5,000-meter snow line on the Kunlun Mountain are always mysterious attractions to travelers from the outside world.     

Riding the Sea and Chasing the Wave——The Journey of Chinese Ceramics Going to Europe in the Ming and Qing Dynasties(Ⅰ)

On June 22nd, 2012, the exhibition "Passion for Porcelain—Special Porcelain Collection in the British Museum and the Victoria and Albert Museum" was opened in the National Museum of China. This exhibition was jointly held by these three museums. 148 (sets) of exquisite ceramic ware of the British Museum and the Victoria and Albert Museum were chosen, including     

Filming the Margin of Society——Chengdu through the lens of independent filmmaker Chen Zhong

Regarded as the first independent filmmaker in Sichuan, Chen Zhong madeh is debut movie “Love Poems“ in his hometown, soon after receiving his MFA on film from Temple University in the United States. The love story, set in Chengdu, perfectly captures the lifestyle of urban poor in the margins of Chinese society.     

A Fascinating Journey to the Old Town of Yuzhou

Yuxian County, called Yuzhou in ancient times, enjoys unique terrains and old traditions. As it borders with the northern province of Shanxi, it shares many cultural and business similarities with Pingyao, an old town of Shanxi inscribed in the World Heritage List. Since it is not far from Beijing, Yuxian has become a frequent destination for travelers from Beijing. The Extraordinary Art of Paper Cut In a paper cut workshop of Yuxian County, I was fortunate to see the whole production …     

Is Transracial the Same as Transgender? The Utility and Limitations of Identity Analogies in Multicultural Education

In June 2015, Melissa Harris-Perry infamously analogized the possibility of trans-Black identity to the reality of transgender identity. Such analogies happen often and are used mostly for the benefit of learning about a less familiar form of identity. Building from a recent article by Suthakaranm, Filsinger, and White (2013 Suthakaran, V., Filsinger, K., &; White, B. (2013). Using analogies as an experiential learning technique in multicultural education. Multicultural Perspectives, 15(2), 92–97.[Taylor &; Francis Online] , [Google Scholar]) that presented a compelling argument for the use of analogies as an experiential learning tool in multicultural education, we advance the conversation by distinguishing a particular form of analogies: identity analogies. We explore the benefits and challenges of utilizing identity analogies as a tool for multicultural educators within U.S. higher education.     

Bai Xianyong： Dedicated to the Revival of Kunqu Opera

<正>"I will feel painful at any declined culture. We will be condemned as criminals if Kunqu Opera dies out because of us, just like we break porcelains of the Song Dynasty or bronzes of the Shang Dynasty. That is why I dedicats myself to reviving Kunqu Opera. I think it has never been too late if we do it."     

A Hard and Lofty Mission—— The Translation and Publication of the Japanese Edition of ＂ The Panorama of the Great Wall＂

In November 11, 2003, the renowned Chinese writer Zhou Erfu, at age 83 and in the advanced stage of cancer, strenuously wrote a letter to his Japanese friend Yi Kenichiro, inquiring about the translation and publication of the Japanese edition of his novel ＂The Panorama of the Great Wall＂ which reflects the whole period of the Chinese people＇s anti-Japanese war from 1937 to 1945. Yi Kenichiro, with a medium-sized figure, gentlemen-like appearance and unswerving disposition, is a Japanese professor expert in Chinese literature and language. He was then busy with his teaching work and the translation of the Japanese version of Zhou＇s novel. Receiving Zhou＇s letter, he fell into a sad mood and hoped Zhou could be recovered soon and live up to the day when the whole novel was published in Japan.     

Light of Buddhism——The Exhibition of Xinjiang＇s Achievements on the Protection of Historic Documents and Ancient Books Held in the National Library of China

<正>Xinjiang has long been a region with coexistence of different ethnic groups and cultures. The spread and development of various religions have had profound i...     

Identity and Otherness: Maghribi Images in the Historiography about Alfonso XI of Castile (1311–1350)

This work studies the information that the historiography on King Alfonso XI of Castile offers on the Marīnid dynasty of Fes. In spite of the confrontation between the two states in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries for the control of the Strait of Gibraltar and the southern part of Andalusia, the Alfonsine texts (the Crónica del Rey don Alfonso el Onceno, the Gran Crónica de Alfonso XI and, to a lesser extent, the Poema of Alfonso Onceno) attempt to reconstruct the history of the rival sultanate through a verifiable and rigorous approach comparing with Arab sources from that period. In this regard, their ideological conception moves away from the usual stereotypes, which are generally negative in the way they portray the other, i.e. the Maghribi opponent. In contrast, Alfonsine historiography assumes the empathetic portrayal of the identity values of the rival as part of the task of the historian, and uses the history and deeds of the adversaries to highlight the victory of the Castilian monarch over them.     

Surveys of the Ming Dynasty Great Wall Give Way to Better Protection—An interview with SACH Director-General Shan Jixiang

The Great Wail is generally known as one of the greatest constructions in human history. It has drawn worldwide attention for its long history, massive scale and significant influence over evolution of mankind, in order to better protect this heritage monument, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage （SACH） and the State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping （SBSM） jointly launched a survey of the Ming Dynasty Great Wail in 2007. Last month, the two departments released the findings of their two-year survey with regard to the length of this historic monument.