英国竞技体育管理给予我们的启示

本文以英国竞技体育管理的经验为借鉴,讨论中国竞技体育管理的有效性发展,分析了可供借鉴的三条措施,即设立互利共赢的体育管理机构、多种体育发展模式协调发展、提高运动员文化教育水平。     

Waves of Resistance: Surfing and History in Twentieth-Century Hawai'i

Whereas earlier research has shown that (traditional) cricket was invented in Flanders (i.e. the Southern Low Countries), this article focuses on the introduction of modern cricket in the Netherlands (i.e. the Northern Low Countries). The result is a broad textual study, based on large-scale digital analysis. We show that the integration of this sport textually took place in three phases: first in small groups via billingual translation dictionaries (starting in 1724), translated literature and ego documents, then through educational leisure books and manuals, and finally by means of articles in periodicals and news papers (with information about cricket matches). With regard to the practice and propagation of cricket, pupils and former pupils of Noorthey, a Protestant-Christian boarding school for boys, played a very important role. Clubs were founded all over the Netherlands, and in 1883 the Dutch cricket federation was established. In the end, however, cricket did not become a popular national sport in the Netherlands.     

欧美职业体育联盟的比较研究

运用文献资料法和比较法,对欧、美职业体育联盟的区别进行比较分析.提出欧、美职业体育联盟的主要区别在以下方面:在组织模式上分别采用开放式和封闭式模式,在经营模式上分别以获胜最大化为目标和以利润最大化为目标的模式,在利益分配模式上分别选择了较低程度的利益分享机制和较高程度的分享机制,并对欧、美职业体育联盟模式的不同进行了原因分析,从而为我国职业体育的发展提供启示.     

International Yachting in the Late Nineteenth Century: French,British, and American Inter-Relationships and Organisation

In the late nineteenth century the yachting world was the scene of intense debate. For certain of the French participants in regattas, the main objective was to fight against the hegemony of the British and the imposition of their rules. This topic was the subject of much discussion in the nascent international sailing organisations, which were created at that time. In order to diminish the influence of British regulation, French representatives suggested rules that were developed in France but were inspired by American standards. In fact, the French position revealed the fact that there was more at stake than yachting alone and the controversy extended into questions of social status and international politics. French organisers saw this as an opportunity to strengthen their power within French yachting at a time when this activity was still developing and establishing its own institutions. Above all, French regatta competitors asserted their elite status within French society, reinforcing the idea that their group represented an increasingly important class. Their established geopolitical connections enabled them to promote and impose their values, and serve their own interests and ideas at the national economic and political level, where they had vested interests. In particular, these sportsmen were influenced by the widespread Anglophobia in France at the end of the nineteenth century, which balanced the better-known Anglophilia of figures such as Pierre de Coubertin. Thus, the role of French navigators in international institutions was part of a wider concern to solidify their elite status.     

中、美幼儿体育教学比较研究

采用文献资料、分析综合等研究方法,对中、美幼儿体育教学进行了比较。研究发现,中国和美国在幼儿体育的教学目标、教学组织、教材、师生关系和教学评价等方面都存在着较大的差异,同时,也有不少共同之处。通过比较研究与启示以期为我国幼儿体育教学改革提供有益的参考。     

美国学校体育教育与社会体育教育关系研究

随着人类对健康的日益重视,人们已清楚地认识到学校体育教育要想实现在培养学生体育技能的同时,树立自身的终生体育观的目标,必须得到家庭、社区乃至全社会的重视与配合,才能有的放矢.本文在此基础上,以近年来美国在学校体育教育与社会体育教育之问所作的大量工作为实证,通过重点论述美国综合性健康计划,进一步阐明社会体育教育与学校体育教育的相配合之于青少年体育锻炼和体育价值观的形成的重要性,最后结合我国体育教育的发展现状进行了简单论述.     

中美男篮优秀选手部分形态指标比较

对ＣＢＡ、ＮＢＡ９６－９７赛季得分、篮板球、盖帽、助攻、抢断五项技术前２０名选手形态特征进行分析比较,揭示中国球员与世界优秀球员的形态差异,为以后训练、选材提供部分参考依据。     

中、美、英、澳高校体育专业与课程设置的对比分析

运用文献资料法、逻辑分析法和比较分析法,分析中美英澳4国的体育专业设置、培养目标、课程设置。结论显示:1)美、英、澳三国很少有专门的体育院校,一般将体育专业设置在综合院校里。中国体育专业主要设置在专门的体育院校和综合性大学两类中,两种类型互为补充。2)中国在体育专业设置上具有领域更广泛、专业方向更多的特征,但易造成专业培养目标不明确、培养规格不清楚。而美、英、澳国家的体育专业设置更加具体、细化。3)在培养目标方面,与美、澳相比中国侧重表述培养的人才的"结果",而国外人才培养"结果与过程"并重,对体育教师培养的类型比较具体,突出更强的针对性。4)体育课程设置,与美、英、澳相比,中国较重视思想政治课程。中国健康课程的开设仅限于体育专业,而美、英、澳国家的健康课程设置更加具体,涵盖面较广。5)与美、英两国相比,中国重视专业技术课程,课程设置体现了"一专多能"。6)中、美、澳三国没有特殊教育课程,忽视了儿童和残疾人的体育锻炼需求。而英国专门开设特殊教育课程,对儿童和残疾人体育予以一定的重视。     

基于主观问卷调查的我国冲浪夏令营学员及家长调查

通过主观问卷调查对参与2018年全国青少年冲浪夏令营的250名学员及120名家长进行调查。从学员参加夏令营活动动机、满意程度,学员对未来继续参加冲浪夏令营的意向,家长得知冲浪夏令营的渠道,家长选择冲浪夏令营的因素,家长对夏令营品牌的注重程度,家长支持孩子参加冲浪夏令营的目的进行研究。发现家长认识不够全面、学员缺乏思想高度的问题。希望通过把握宣传方案来加深家长认识,通过明确教练职责来提高学员思想。     

中美体育社会学异同考

21世纪中国体育的复杂化和扩大化发展趋势要求体育社会学深入研究。而体育社会学自身学科理论的完善是应对研究任务之前提。通过比较体育社会学的原创国之一美国体育社会学的学科溯源、研究特点和发展趋势，为21世纪中国体育社会学学科发展提供借鉴。     

中美优秀男篮运动员部分技术和形态指标比较

对CBA、NBA在1996～1997年赛季得分、篮板球、盖帽、助攻、抢断五项技术前20名选手形态特征进行分析比较,揭示中国球员与世界优秀球员的形态与技术差异。     

Agreement in Body Fat Estimates Between a Hand-Held Bioelectrical Impedance Analyzer and Skinfold Thicknesses in African American and Caucasian Adolescents

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of active versus passive recovery on 6 repeated Wingate tests (30-s all-out cycling sprints on a Velotron ergometer). Method: Fifteen healthy participants aged 29 (SD = 8) years old (body mass index = 23 [3] kg/m²) participated in 3 sprint interval training sessions separated by 3 to 7 days between each session during a period of 1 month. The 1st visit was familiarization to 6 cycling sprints; the 2nd and 3rd visits involved a warm-up followed by 6 30-s cycling sprints. Each sprint was followed by 4 min of passive (resting still on the ergometer) or active recovery (pedaling at 1.1 W/kg). The same recovery was used within each visit, and recovery type was randomized between visits. Results: Active recovery resulted in a 0.6 W/kg lower peak power output in the second sprint (95% confidence interval [CI] [ ? 0.2, ? 0.8 W/kg], effect size = 0.50, p < .01) and a 0.4 W/kg greater average power output in the 5th and 6th sprints (95% CI [+0.2,+0.6 W/kg], effect size = 0.50, p < .01) compared with passive recovery. There was little difference between fatigue index, total work, or accumulated work between the 2 recovery conditions. Conclusions: Passive recovery is beneficial when only 2 sprints are completed, whereas active recovery better maintains average power output compared with passive recovery when several sprints are performed sequentially (partial eta squared between conditions for multiple sprints = .38).     

浅析中美学校培养学生体育兴趣差别之原因

据上海市的一个调查表明 ,在小学时 ,体育是学生最欢迎的课程 ,有 58.7%的学生对体育课表示满意。但到了初中 ,体育降至第二位 ,表示满意的学生降到 34 .8%。而到了高中 ,体育已降到最后一位 ,表示满意的学生只有 1 1 .9%。另据统计 ,我国居民体育人口的年龄分布为“两头热 ,中间冷” ,尤其是 1 6岁至 2 6岁这个“步出校门年龄段”居民参与体育的频率出现急剧下滑趋势 ,并在 55岁之前保持较低水平。而美国却没有出现这样的情况 ,各年龄段体育参与比例的差距并不悬殊 ,没有出现“步出校门年龄段”体育人口急剧下降的现象。这说明我们所培养出…     

中美优秀前锋投篮技术运用和进攻范围比较

通过对中美优秀前锋投篮技术运用和进攻范围的比较，分析中美前锋主要得分手段、进攻区域、成功率的不同，揭示我国优秀前锋与美国前锋的差距。     

From Bondi to Bude: Allan Kennedy and the Exportation of Australian Surf Lifesaving to Britain in the 1950s

Prior to 1953 Surf Life Saving Australia, the governing body of the Australian surf lifesaving movement, had limited success in winning international support for its methods and competition. The breakthrough occurred when Allan Kennedy, a public servant working at Australia House in London, spent consecutive summer vacations successfully instructing a team of surf lifesavers at Bude, north Cornwall. An Australian-style surf lifesaving club was formed, followed by others elsewhere, and then in 1955 the Surf Life Saving Association of Great Britain was established. A man of great energy and vision, as well as being a dynamic instructor, Kennedy convincingly demonstrated the superiority of Australian methods in Great Britain, the Channel Islands and elsewhere. At the same time his success soon became the catalyst in 1956 for the first international surf lifesaving competition, and the creation of a world-wide governing body, the predecessor of today's International Life Saving Federation.     

科技论文中的学术道德失范现象与科技期刊的社会责任

科技论文中存在剽窃、抄袭、伪造或篡改数据、挂名、一稿多投、捉刀代笔等学术道德失范现象。科技论文中的学术道德失范现象的存在有害于学风建设,阻碍科研队伍的发展和科研人才的成长,影响学术交流,影响科技创新。认为:道德滑坡的社会大环境是导致学术道德失范的根本原因,学术研究领域中浮躁、浮夸心态和行为为学术道德失范推波助澜,人事与职称制度、学术激励制度和成果评价体系中存在的缺陷是导致学术道德失范的直接因素,信息来源广泛化和信息复制便捷化为学术道德失范提供“技术保障”。科技期刊应通过倡导严谨学风,构建学术信用;引领知识创新,促进科技发展;树立国际形象,促进学术交流;跟踪社会热点,深化热点问题;加强自身建设,把好学术质量关等途径,以建立起应有的学术诚信,还学术殿堂以圣洁。     

1976～1995年中国群众体育的恢复与发展

1976～ 1995年 ,在我国社会主义建设事业进入新的历史时期的背景下 ,群众体育进入了一个恢复和发展的新阶段。随着改革开放和社会主义市场经济体制的建立 ,由国家调控 ,依托社会 ,充满生机的新型群众体育管理体制正在逐步形成。群众体育的组织形式 ,群众体育的功能 ,群众体育的价值取向 ,群众体育的活动方式和活动内容已呈现出多元化倾向。这是中国社会文化发展 ,人民需求多样化的必然结果     

英国学校体育合作项目的成功经验和启示

对英国学校体育合作项目的概况和运行机制进行叙述,以个案方式描述和分析6个各具特色的学校体育合作项目及共性特点,并基于此提出对于我国中小学体育发展的6点启示:(1)整合校际校本体育资源,形成学校体育发展集群,联合开发体育课程和体育活动,形成校际体育教育衔接;(2)与青少年体育培训机构和社会体育组织建立横向合作,建立复杂多维的学校体育发展支持系统;(3)积极宣传具备出众个人能力的体育模范,充分发挥其示范作用和感召力;(4)完善和明晰学校体育到社区体育的发展路径,以“体育作业”为支点构建学校、社区、家庭三位一体的体育网络;(5)对体育教学和活动的各个环节进行针对性调整,促进体育教育平等化;(6)充分注重培养学生健康人格和综合素质。