The Golden Age of Australian Professional Sculling or Skullduggery?

Between 1876 and 1907 Australia dominated international professional sculling for 22 of those 31 years and produced seven of the nine world champions. Factors, such as a mild climate, abundant waterways and the healthy lifestyle favoured by a succession of prime athletes, together with generous backers, have been attributed to the Australian domination. While these factors contributed to Australian superiority, concepts such as class, cultural imperialism and organization and control played an even greater role in determining Australia's domination of the sport.     

新世纪职业体育发展现状及趋势研究

上世纪90年代以来,职业体育作为体育产业重要的组成部分,在国际体育经济发展中的地位与作用日益显著。通过分析世界职业体育在政策、项目、组织、市场4个方面的发展现状,指出世纪之交职业体育面临的诸多问题,并在此基础上探讨了新世纪职业体育未来的发展趋势。     

完善我国职业足球政府规制的若干重要问题探讨

政府规制在我国职业足球发展进程中发挥着积极而重要的作用,但是,随着职业足球的不断发展,必将出现对政府规制进一步完善的新需求。本研究在对职业足球领域的现存问题和实际需求进行深入分析的基础之上,提出完善我国职业足球政府规制的具体思路。     

社会支持对校园足球教师职业认同的影响:教师使命感的中介作用

为考察社会支持对校园足球教师职业认同的影响,以及教师使命感在二者之间的中介作用,采用社会支持评定量表（SSRS）、教师使命感量表（CCS）和教师职业认同量表（TPIS）对600名校园足球教师进行调查。结果发现：（1）社会支持及其维度影响校园足球教师的职业认同;（2）教师使命感在社会支持与职业认同之间起部分中介作用。其中,教师使命感在主观支持和职业认同之间、对支持的利用度和职业认同之间起部分中介作用,在客观支持和职业认同之间不存在中介作用;（3）使命感在主观支持和职业认同之间的中介作用与在对支持的利用度和职业认同之间的中介作用有差别。     

Media,Culture, and the Meanings of Hockey

This essay describes a plan for investigating the cultural meanings of hockey in Canada by examining media narratives of high-level amateur and professional hockey during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In particular, this project analyzes English Canadian newspaper coverage of Stanley Cup games between 1894 and 1907, as well as the telegraph reconstructions that enabled fans to share a simultaneous experience of distant games. Media coverage of hockey brought Canadians into local and national communities of interest, while constructing narratives of manhood, regional rivalry, and civic pride. Hockey played a significant role in the construction of gender and class identities, and in debates about amateurism, professionalism, and community representation in sport. By exploring key issues related to media, gender, and community identities in early hockey, this research addresses important gaps in the study of sport history and the analysis of sport and Canadian popular culture.     

Physical attractiveness and monetary success in German Bundesliga

That attractive people are more successful has been proved for many areas of life in the past. However, the effects of the attractiveness of professional athletes have not been examined yet. This is surprising as it is comparatively simple to measure the actual performance of this group of people and to control their performance in statistical models. In the study, 438 professional football players were examined who played in the 18 teams of the German Bundesliga in 2007 and 2008. It was analyzed how their facial and bodily attractiveness influence their market value. Bodily attractiveness was operationalized using the Body Mass Index, facial attractiveness was measured using the Truth of Consensus Method. Statistical analysis shows that both facial and bodily attractiveness have considerable effects on a player’s market value even if his actual performance is controlled.     

中国职业足球俱乐部成长与运动项目管理体制的完善

在中国职业足球俱乐部成长过程中，足协曾起到过积极的作用，但随着改革的进程，足协越来越成为俱乐部成长的阻滞力量。从新制度经济学视角，分析了足协对俱乐部的影响，并针对性地提出完善足球运动项目管理体制的制度设计方略。     

浙江省专业运动员家庭社会阶层背景调查研究

主要运用社会分层理论,以文献资料调研、问卷调查、社会统计为主要方法,通过对浙江省专业运动员的调查,统计浙江专业运动员的基本特征及其社会阶层来源的分布结构,并通过和浙江省社会阶层结构的比较,分析各阶层参加竞技体育的差异性。结果表明:来自城市家庭的专业运动员比例远大于农村,在来自城市家庭的专业运动员中,女性的比例略高于男性,而在来自农村家庭的专业运动员中,男性的比例明显高于女性;不同项目类别的专业运动员,来自城市与农村的比例具有一定的差异性;浙江省专业运动员最多的是来源于个体工商户阶层,与浙江省社会阶层结构相比,专业运动员相对更多地是来自于个体工商户与私营企业主阶层;社会上层主要参与的是小球、游泳与大球类项目,而社会底层主要参与的是田径与重竞技类项目;浙江省专业运动员父母的学历背景普遍不高。     

An experience sampling study of organizational stress processes and future playing time in professional sport

ABSTRACT

This study examined the relationships between daily cognitive appraisals of organizational events, affective responses, and coping. In addition, a 5-year longitudinal relationship between coping and performance outcomes at the senior professional level was assessed. Using an experience sampling method, professional academy rugby union players (N = 39, M_age = 17.23 years, SD = 0.87) completed daily diary measures of appraisals, affective responses, and coping over 5 weeks of training. Hierarchical linear modeling revealed that daily cognitive appraisals were related to daily affective responses and coping functions enacted by behaviours, after accounting for a series of within (e.g., time, day, week) and between-person (e.g., personality, key decision-makers) differences. Zero-inflated negative binomial regression revealed that coping related to eliciting support was associated with minutes played at the senior professional level five years later. This study extends theoretical knowledge of the within- and between-person relationships that explain organizational stress experiences. The findings suggest that some coping functions enacted by behaviours may be early indicators of future performance outcomes in professional sport.     

Corporate social responsibility and environmental sustainability: Why professional sport is greening the playing field

In this study, we explore institutional forces affecting environmental sustainability in professional sport teams and leagues in North America. Interviews with sport executives and executives from partner groups, 122 websites and organizational documents, and 56 media reports were examined. Data revealed how environmental management practices are being diffused in professional sport organizations. Evidence indicated associative behavior among sport organizations with respect to environmental management. Data also illustrated that media played a role in driving and defining the type and extent of involvement in professional sport teams’ environmental sustainability efforts. We discuss environmental sustainability as it affects a team's or league's CSR related initiatives (i.e., averting legal recourse, saving money, as well as building stronger relationships with stakeholders (e.g., customers, fans, local communities, federal governments and corporate partners)), and speculate how these efforts might evolve and inform the development of environmental sustainability in organizations in the sport, service and entertainment sectors.     

世界足球主要联赛球员国际流动特征研究

以2008-2009赛季世界职业足球一级市场(英超、西甲、意甲、德甲、法甲)和二级市场联赛(巴甲、阿甲、荷甲、俄超、日本联赛)注册球员为调研对象,对球员国际流动的一般特征及特殊性进行了量化分析.数据分析显示,一级市场联赛是世界职业足球发展的核心区域,主要招募来自东欧、南美洲和非洲球员,形成了全球精英球员供给分配的科层化结构.二级市场联赛大量启用本土球员,参与本土足球市场竞争.结论认为,世界足球主要联赛球员的国际流动是一个非常复杂的全球体育现象,诸如经济、政治、文化、语言、价值观、习俗、地理位置、历史殖民地、后殖民关系、国家双边交流、技战术风格打法等要素分别对其产生一定的作用影响,球员国际流动现象的产生是多种要素综合作用的结果.     

Scandinavian women’s football: the importance of male and female pioneers in the development of the sport

ABSTRACT

The importance of female and male pioneers in the development of women’s football in Scandinavia is in focus, where some of the female pioneers’ experiences presented. Sif Kalvø from Western Norway was the first known Scandinavian female football player who played abroad in Italy in 1971, and she was one of the pioneers. She was dependent on door openers in Norway and abroad. The door openers role, in making professional football possible; how the professional contracts came through; and why the Scandinavian female footballers went global in the early phases, discussed. To study this the Norwegian Mother of Women’s football, Målfrid Kuvås, and other female pioneer footballers are in-depth interviewed. Kuvås’ large collection of scrapbooks with media coverage, letters and other correspondence from the 1960s to 2000s are also studied. Qualitative in-depth interviews carried out, with five of the early professionals and five of the leaders involved in the migration processes. Secondary sources are academic literature and sport media. The dream about playing professional football, and to be able to live from football brought female players across the globe. Due to this, migration research is of interest when studying women’s football, and ‘push’- and ‘pull’- factors in migration are discussed.     

形体训练对护理专业学生职业形象的影响效果研究

将形体训练作为一种手段,从自我评价和应对方式的角度考察其对高职护理专业学生生理、心理需求和职业特点的需要,使之树立护士良好的职业形象。通过教学实验,在高职高专护理专业形体课教学中增加护理礼仪的教学,以此探索高职高专护理专业形体课教学对职业形象的影响效果,更好地体现工学结合的特点。     

对高校体育经济与管理专业教学现状的研究

该研究采用文献资料、问卷调查、访谈和个案分析等研究方法对南京体育学院体育经济与管理专业的理论课和实践课的教学现状进行了调查研究,依据体育经济与管理专业人才的培养目标和教学的具体情况,分别从理论和实践教学的内容与环节、学生就业与所学专业的相关程度、学生在就业和专业实习过程中的专业理论知识的应用情况、实践课的作用、实践教学基地的情况及学生对实践教学基地的满意度等方面做了分析与研究,指出教学中的特点和存在的不足之处,以期为高校体育经济与管理专业的开展和课程设置提供有益的借鉴与参考。     

江苏省普通高校通识类武术课程教学现状调查分析与研究

文章运用问卷调查、文献资料、数理统计等研究方法,对江苏省普通高校通识类武术课程的教学现状进行了问卷调查,研究结果表明：目前江苏省普通高校通识类武术课程存在教学目标定位单一,教学内容缺乏实用性与娱乐性,教学评价指标比较单一,师资队伍学历及职称层次相对较低,专业教师特长相对不足等问题。     

Incidence and characteristics of injury in under-19 academy level rugby league match play: A single season prospective cohort study

Academy rugby league competition is an important step along the pathway to professional status, but little is known about injury at this level of the game. The aim of this research was to establish the nature, incidence and burden of injury in English academy rugby league. Using an observational prospective cohort study design, and a time-loss injury definition, the injury outcomes of three professional rugby league academies were recorded during the 2017 season. A total of 87 injuries occurred in 59 matches for an overall injury incidence of 85 (95%CI 67–103) injuries per 1000 hours played. The mean severity of injury was 22 ± 19 days resulting in an overall injury burden of 1898 (95%CI 1813–1983) days lost per 1000 hours. The tackle event was the most common cause of injury (77% of all injuries). Forwards sustained a greater proportion of injuries than backs (forwards 67% vs. backs 33% of injuries). Concussion (13 (6–20) per 1000 hours) and ankle sprains (11 (4–17) per 1000 hours) were the most commonly diagnosed injuries. The shoulder joint was the most commonly injured site (17 (9–25) per 1000 hours). The incidence of injury for academy rugby league is similar to senior professional rugby league.     

田径专项理论与实践课教学改革研究——以集美大学体育学院运动训练专业为例

为了使集美大学体育学院运动训练田径专项理论与实践课的教学更利于培养社会需求的田径专业人才。采用文献资料法、对比分析法和调查法通过对集美大学体育学院田径专项理论与实践课教学现状进行分析,同时借鉴国内外院校运动训练专业的教学经验,并结合集美大学体育学院运动训练专业特点及教学环境,针对集美大学体育学院田径专项理论与实践课教学提出相应的改革措施与发展对策。研究表明：现行的教学大纲不适应田径专业人才的培养;教学过程不利于学生学习主动性的培养与田径综合能力的提高。     

普通高校排球课垫球技术教学的实验

经过两个排球选项班的大学男生进行了一学年的对比实验可知：在垫球技术教学中运用游戏法与比赛法，可提高垫球练习时的趣味性、游戏性、竞争性与个人炫耀性。实验班的学生在垫球技能获得明显提高后在教学比赛中表现出较大的运动量，从而论证了该教学方法在大学生排球运动中进行娱乐与健身的必要性与可行性。     

Effects of emphasising opposition and cooperation on collective movement behaviour during football small-sided games

ABSTRACT

Optimizing collective behaviour helps to increase performance in mutual tasks. In team sports settings, the small-sided games (SSG) have been used as key context tools to stress out the players’ awareness about their in-game required behaviours. Research has mostly described these behaviours when confronting teams have the same number of players, disregarding the frequent situations of low and high inequality. This study compared the players’ positioning dynamics when manipulating the number of opponents and teammates during professional and amateur football SSG. The participants played 4v3, 4v5 and 4v7 games, where one team was confronted with low-superiority, low- and high-inferiority situations, and their opponents with low-, medium- and high-cooperation situations. Positional data were used to calculate effective playing space and distances from each player to team centroid, opponent team centroid and nearest opponent. Outcomes suggested that increasing the number of opponents in professional teams resulted in moderate/large decrease in approximate entropy (ApEn) values to both distance to team and opponent team centroid (i.e., the variables present higher regularity/predictability pattern). In low-cooperation game scenarios, the ApEn in amateurs’ tactical variables presented a moderate/large increase. The professional teams presented an increase in the distance to nearest opponent with the increase of the cooperation level. Increasing the number of opponents was effective to overemphasise the need to use local information in the positioning decision-making process from professionals. Conversely, amateur still rely on external informational feedback. Increasing the cooperation promoted more regularity in spatial organisation in amateurs and emphasise their players’ local perceptions.     

美国职业体育管理体制初探

美国职业体育的起源，从地缘上看是移植了英国的赛马俱乐部模式，从根源上看是资本主义制度的建立以及自身的不断调整，带动了世界经济的持续增长，从文化上看缺少英国的贵族阶层的捐赠，从管理上看是联盟体制的建立和完善，从内容上看是有效地协调了观众、球员、职业运动队、联盟、媒体、赞助商和政府之间的利益关系，从制度上看是美国完善的市场法规给予了这种体制以有效运行的保障.