浅谈想象训练在射箭训练与比赛心理控制中的作用

心理训练在射箭训练中占有极其重要的位置。本文以新疆射箭队为例,阐述了心理训练中的想象训练对掌握射箭技术动作以及帮助运动员在比赛中稳定情绪,促进技术水平的发挥等方面的重要作用。     

浅谈想象训练在射箭训练与比赛心理控制中的作用

心理训练在射箭训练中占有极其重要的位置。本文以新疆射箭队为例,阐述了心理训练中的想象训练对掌握射箭技术动作以及帮助运动员在比赛中稳定情绪,促进技术水平的发挥等方面的重要作用。     

The Role of Gukgung in the Success of South Korean Archery

Abstract

South Korean archery has a remarkable history performed on a global stage, with the Olympic women’s archery team having won seven times consecutively. The Korea National Archery Association joined the Fédération Internationale de Tir à l’Arc (FITA) as a result of a national government policy but there are several factors that have made Korean archery successful, including active investments from Korean conglomerates, national sports promotion policy, field-oriented training and a scientific player management system, amongst other influences. Among the valuable factors, the most significant is that traditional Korean archery Gukgung instructors taught several archers in the early stages of their success. There are many similar shooting techniques in archery adopted from traditional techniques, including levelling one’s arms, releasing the string, taking one’s arm back to the rear and aiming according to the wind direction. This approach eventually became a foundation for the success of Korean archery. The Korea National Archery Association is the home of Gukgung, which advances traditional Korean archery. In this context, the Korea National Archery Association – the Mecca of traditional archery – has contributed much to the success of Korean archery.     

对我国高水平射箭运动员体能训练的研究

以备战悉尼奥运会的中国射箭集训队和中国射箭队为研究对象,就我国高水平射箭运动员的体能训练展开研究,对射箭运动员的身体训练内容、身体训练阶段划分和训练负荷的安排等问题进行了深入的探讨.     

广西射箭男队成绩提高原因剖析

通过对广西射箭男队运动员 1992年～ 2 0 0 4年取得的成绩及提高成绩的因素进行综合分析 ,提出提高广西射箭运动成绩的措施及对策。     

术道并进:中华射艺的价值审视与定位反思——兼评《学箭悟禅录》

中华射艺的当代传承面临概念纷争、文化缺失、定位局限等困境。为深入挖掘中华射艺的文化价值,明确未来发展定位,以德国哲学家奥根·赫里格尔关于日本弓道的著作《学箭悟禅录》为经验借鉴,在文化碰撞中以“它山之石”反思中华射艺的传承与发展。认为:射之术在中国哲学“身心一统”认识论的影响下具有内外兼修的特点,其“无艺之艺”的炼心价值追求将射引入“道”的精神层面。术与道的兼容并重使得中华射艺成为人悟道的生活实践。“术道并进”的发展定位将使人们在中华射艺中发现价值理性,从而为中华传统体育超越工具理性的认知提供一种精神向度。     

On-target trajectories and the final pull in archery

Abstract

At the end of the aiming phase, an archer pulls the arrow back a little bit before he releases the shot. This pulling back of the arrow is called the “final pull”. Simultaneous with the final pull, the archer has to hold the bow calm. The aim of this paper was to examine the motion of the bow and the final pull in highly skilled archers. From a technological point of view, we wished to develop a system to measure the draw-length in the final pull that could be used during archers’ normal training. Seven archers (two males, five females), all of whom were participants at the Junior World Championships and German National Championships, performed 66 shots indoors at a target 30 m away. Each archer shot the same bow as used in competition. On-target trajectories of the aim point movement were measured. Also, the alterations of the draw-length in the final pull were determined. The results suggest that irregularities in the final pull have a negative influence on archers’ scores. Intra-individually, a smaller range of motion of the bow in the last second before the shot appears to have a positive influence on archers’ scores.     

第5届女足世界杯中国队与德国、巴西队攻防技术运用的比较分析

女足世界杯代表着女足的最高水平和发展方向。采用文献资料、录像观察、数理统计等方法,对第5届女足世界杯中国队与德国、巴西队的攻防技术进行比较分析,结果表明:中国队在接控球、射门数、进球率、抢断球、争顶球、铲球方面,与世界强队相比存在着较大的差距,该文通过分析和比较,为提高我国女足的训练、竞赛水平提供参考依据。     

Anthropometric profiles are associated with long-term career attainment in elite junior rowers: A retrospective analysis covering 23 years

Introduction: Successful rowers are heavier and taller than their opponents, but the effect of these variables on long-term career attainment in juniors has not been examined. We therefore analysed this in a large sample of elite German junior rowers. Methods: Former German Junior National Team rowers (N?=?910; 399 females) were grouped according to their highest career attainment, i.e., participation in U19-, U23-, Senior World Championships or Olympic Games (OG). Differences in standing height (SH), body mass (BM) and body mass index (BMI) between groups were analysed using unpaired t-tests and magnitude-based inferences (MBI), effects of anthropometrics on career attainment were analysed with a proportional odds model. Interquartile ranges of the OG group were used to define normative data ranges. Results: SH and BMI very likely differed between career attainment in females. The same was found in males for SH and BM. BM (odds ratio (OR)?=?0.958, P?=?.0171) and BMI (OR?=?0.787, P?=?.0004) had a significant effect on career attainment in females as SH (OR?=?1.072, P?=?.0002) and BM (OR?=?1.049, P?=?.0004) had in males. Interquartile ranges of SH and BM were 178–184?cm and 68–73?kg in females, 190–196?cm and 84–93?kg in males. Conclusion: Anthropometric characteristics at junior age affect long-term career attainment even within elite U19 National Team rowers, underlining the relevance of anthropometric assessments and their consideration for talent identification and development programmes in rowing. We provide evidence-based normative data that rule out an anthropometric limitation of junior rowers for career progression to Olympic level.     

Interrogating the Key Policy Factors Behind South Korea’s Archery Success

Abstract

This paper aims to interrogate the key policy factors behind South Korea’s archery success. Based on our review on the history of Korean archery, two additional key elements in terms of organization and administration were also included to form the analytical framework of this research, aside from Green and Houlihan’s four key policy elements. Our analytical framework is thus comprised of two background elements for elite sport development – the organizational structure and administration, and four areas of elite sport policy. According to our analytical framework, this paper highlights four key policy dimensions that have influenced South Korea’s archery success, as follows: (i) establishment of the Korean Archery Association (KAA) and the involvement of business elites; (ii) emergence of potential full-time archers by the identification of, and the support for, young talented athletes; (iii) developments in sport science, coaching, and facilities/equipment; and (iv) the provision of more systematic competition opportunities for elite-level archers. In summary, the success of Korean archers might be closely linked to the result of the KAA’s staunch strategy and policy initiatives encouraged by the government for international sporting success and the way in which the organization has paid more salient attention to the policy commitments as noted above.     

Autonomic nervous system modulation during an archery competition in novice and experienced adolescent archers

We assessed autonomic nervous system modulation through changes in heart rate variability during an archery competition as well as archery performance by comparing novice and experienced adolescent archers. Seven novice (age 14.0 ± 8.5 years, body mass index 22.9 ± 4.3 kg · m(-2), training experience 0.4 ± 0.3 years) and ten experienced archers (age 16.5 ± 10.3 years, body mass index 22.4 ± 3.1 kg · m(-2), training experience 4.1 ± 0.9 years) volunteered. Using beat-by-beat heart rate monitoring, heart rate variability was measured for 20 s before each arrow shot during two rounds of competition. We found that, compared with novices, experienced adolescent archers: (i) take more time per shot; (ii) have a higher low frequency band, square root of the mean of squared differences between successive R-R intervals (i.e. the time elapsing between two consecutive R waves in the electrocardiogram), and percentage of successive normal-to-normal intervals greater than 50 ms; and (iii) demonstrate an increase in parasympathetic nervous system activity compared with pre-competition values. We propose that these characteristics of experienced archers are appropriate for optimal performance during competition.     

射箭撒放技术的研究

射箭是以命中环数为比赛目的技能主导类表现准确性项目。在技术中,撒放技术是最重要的一个环节,它是整个射箭技术的精髓,撒放动作的正确与否直接影响着命中率。本文以专家访谈、问卷调查、实地观察为主要研究方法,通过对64名国家射箭优秀运动员的注意方式、撒放时机和勾弦方式等几个方面进行调查,并分析了撒放技术中几个主要要素指标与成绩的关系,最后得出以下结论：（1）轻松、稳固的勾弦;适宜的撒放时机,是创造良好成绩的重要因素;（2）在无意识状态下完成撒放动作,能减少心理的干扰;（3）自然快捷的脱弦,一般拉弓靠位到撒放在三秒左右最佳。     

对上海男排在近两季全国男排联赛上的技战术效果对比分析

通过比赛现场统计法、比赛录像统计法和数理统计法等,对上海男排在2013—2014年的全国男排联赛上22场比赛和2014—2015年全国男排联赛上的24场比赛进行技战术的统计分析,找出上海男排在近两届联赛赛中技战术上的优势和不足,并提出改进策略,为上海男排更有针对性的训练和备战2015—2016年全国联赛提供参考依据。     

对射箭训练效益与调控的认识

射箭项目的特.a-和训练规律,一直是我国射箭教练员长期关注的热点问题通过对墨西哥蒙特雷射箭队八年执教成功经验的总结和分析,从中探讨射箭训练的效益与调控,进一步认识射箭项目训练规律,大胆提出一些见解,促进射箭训练效果的提高.     

Autonomic nervous system modulation during an archery competition in novice and experienced adolescent archers

Abstract

We assessed autonomic nervous system modulation through changes in heart rate variability during an archery competition as well as archery performance by comparing novice and experienced adolescent archers. Seven novice (age 14.0 ± 8.5 years, body mass index 22.9 ± 4.3 kg · m^?2, training experience 0.4 ± 0.3 years) and ten experienced archers (age 16.5 ± 10.3 years, body mass index 22.4 ± 3.1 kg · m^?2, training experience 4.1 ± 0.9 years) volunteered. Using beat-by-beat heart rate monitoring, heart rate variability was measured for 20 s before each arrow shot during two rounds of competition. We found that, compared with novices, experienced adolescent archers: (i) take more time per shot; (ii) have a higher low frequency band, square root of the mean of squared differences between successive R-R intervals (i.e. the time elapsing between two consecutive R waves in the electrocardiogram), and percentage of successive normal-to-normal intervals greater than 50 ms; and (iii) demonstrate an increase in parasympathetic nervous system activity compared with pre-competition values. We propose that these characteristics of experienced archers are appropriate for optimal performance during competition.     

国家男子足球队接球失误原因调查研究

采用录像观察法、数理统计法、文献资料法、逻辑分析法等,对国家队参加的24场国际性比赛中出现的接球失误(接中长传来球、接短传来球)的状态和原因进行分析。结果表明:中国国家男子足球队在不同运动状态下运用接球技术失误的主要原因是接中长传来球时的中慢速弱对抗状态下接球过大和接球不到位;接短传来球时的中慢速弱对抗、次强对抗状态下的接球过大。建议加强在比赛环境中提高中慢速运动状态下的接球能力训练,解决中国男子足球队在接球技术上存在的“接球过大”和“接球不到位”的问题。     

北京奥运会—中国与立陶宛之战——中国男篮失利原因的分析和讨论

通过技术数据统计并结合录像。对北京奥运会中国男篮在淘汰赛中与立陶宛男篮比赛进行了分析和讨论,找出中国男篮失利的原因所在。对中国男篮的建设和发展提出建议。     

东京奥运会延期对国家射箭队备战工作的影响及其调控策略

分析奥运延期给国家射箭队训练安排、队伍管理和专项竞技能力及其稳定性带来的影响。提出以下调控策略：完善队伍备战工作顶层设计,调整选拔机制,增加队内良性竞争;加强对世界各国备战形势的研判,充分利用延期“窗口期”补齐短板;提高对专项竞技的认知水平和制胜规律的把握,狠抓专项核心技术“一致性”的训练,提高运动员打10环能力,减少关键箭支的失误;针对奥运会时间长、密度高、压力大等特点,针对性提高体能储备,严格把关反兴奋剂工作等调控策略。     

上海女排参加全国排球联赛技战术分析

通过对2006-2007和2007-2008年全国女子排球联赛以技术统计进行比较研究,分析上海女排这两个年度在比赛过程中技战术上的变化情况,寻找与其他强队的差距,从而探讨上海女排比赛时的各种技战术因素,并为上海女排今后的技战术发展提供训练上的依据。     

浙江艺术体操运动员身体形态选材现状分析

采用文献资料、实地调查、专家鉴定、数理统计等研究方法,对浙江、广西和国家队艺术体操运动员在身体形态各指标方面进行横向和纵向比较分析研究,结果表明:①1997、1998年出生的浙江队艺术体操运动员与广西队相比较没有优势;1986、1989、1990、1992年出生的运动员与国家队相比略有些优势,但明显低于我国优秀艺术体操运动员的身体形态模式标准。②浙江运动员身体形态选材的标准有放宽的趋势。由此提出相应的建议。